I-Polymyositis ixhomeke eqenjini elikhulu lezifo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Myositis
I-polymyositis iyi-systemic, isifo sofuba esishubile, esibonakala ngokubuthakathaka kwesisu. Iyingxenye yesigaba sesifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-myositis, okusho ukuvuvukala kwemisipha. I-polymyositis iyakuthinta kakhulu imisipha eseduze nomuthi womzimba, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ezinye izixuku zingase zihileleke. Ngokuvamile, i-polymyositis ikhula kancane kancane, kanti ngenkathi ingaba khona kunoma ubani, kuhlanganise nezingane, ngokuvamile ayithinti abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala.
Ngokuvamile, kuthinta abantu abaneminyaka engama-40 no-60 ubudala. I-polymyositis ithinta abesifazane ngokuvamile kunamadoda, ngokulinganisa kokubili kuya kwesinye.
I-Dermatomyositis isimo esifanayo sokuvuvukala ku-polymyositis, umehluko wokuthi i-dermatomyositis ibuye ithinte isikhumba. I-polymyositis ingenziwa ngokubambisana namanye amagciwane, kuhlanganise ne- lymphoma , umdlavuza webele , umdlavuza wamaphaphu , umdlavuza we-ovarian , nomdlavuza we- colon . I-polymyositis ingenzeka nezinye izifo ze-rheumatic, njenge- systemic sclerosis (i-scleroderma), isifo esixubile sezicubu , i- rheumatoid arthritis , i- systemic lupus erythematosus , ne- sarcoidosis .
Isizathu se-Polymyositis
Nakuba imbangela ye-polymyositis kuthiwa ayingaziwa, kubonakala sengathi u-hredity isici. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukusabela okuzenzakalelayo kumisipha kwenzeka kubantu abanezici eziphilayo. I-HLA subtypes -DR3, -DR52, ne--DR6 ibonakala ixhunyaniswa nesimo esinqunyiwe.
Kungase kube nomcimbi oshukumisayo, mhlawumbe i-myositis yegciwane noma umdlavuza okhona ngaphambili.
Izimpawu ze-Polymyositis
Ubuthakathaka besisu, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, yilona uphawu oluvame kakhulu. Ubuthakathaka bemisipha obuhambisana ne-polymyositis bungathuthuka ngaphezu kwamasonto noma izinyanga. Ngokomqulu we-Merck, ukubhujiswa kwamaphesenti ama-50 e-muscle fibers kubangela ubuthakathaka obuphawulekayo, okusho ukuthi, ngaleso sikhathi i-myositis isithuthukile kakhulu.
Izinkinga ezivamile zokusebenza ezenzeka nge-polymyositis zihlanganisa ukuphakama esihlalweni, ukunyuka kwezinyathelo, nokuphakamisa izingalo. Ubuthakathaka bemisipha ye-pelvic ne-shoulder bebangela ukuthi uboshwe noma uboshwe. Uma kutholakala imisipha yentamo, kungase kulukhuni ukuphakamisa ikhanda lakho emfuleni. Ukubandakanywa kwemisipha ye-pharyngeal and esophageal kungathinta ukugwinya. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi imisipha yezandla, izinyawo, nobuso ayihileleki ku-polymyositis.
Kungase kube nokubandakanyeka okuhlangene okubonakala njenge-polyarthralgia emnene noma i- polyarthritis . Lokhu kuvame ukuthuthukisa esigabeni samagciwane we-polymyositis ane-Jo-1 noma amanye ama-anti-antibodies.
Ezinye izimpawu ezihambisana ne-polymyositis zingafaka:
- ukukhathala okujwayelekile
- ukuphelelwa umoya
- ukungaqondakali kwezwi ngenxa yemisipha yemikhosi ethintekile
- umkhuhlane
- ukulahlekelwa ukudla
Ukuxilongwa kwe-Polymyositis
Njengoba kunesifo noma isimo, udokotela wakho uzocabangela umlando wakho wezokwelapha futhi enze ukuhlolwa okuphelele ngokomzimba njengengxenye yenqubo yokuxilonga. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungase kulandelwe ukuba kubheke ukuba khona kwamagciwane okuzimela okuzenzakalelayo futhi kutholakale ukuvuvukala okungaqondile . Ukuhlolwa kwe-Electromyography kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba kunganika udokotela ulwazi oluwusizo lokuxilonga, naye.
I-MRI yemisipha ethintekile ivame ukulayishwa. Ukwengeza, ukuhlolwa komchamo kungabheka i-myoglobin, iphrotheni emaselini emisipha ekhishwa engxenyeni yegazi futhi isulwe yizinso lapho imisipha ibonakalisiwe. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola izinga lama-enzyme e-serum muscle, njenge-CK ne-aldolase, ingahle yenziwe futhi yenziwe. Ngokulimala kwemisipha, amazinga e-enzyme emisipha ivame ukuphakama. Okunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi, i- ANA (i-antinuclear anti-test test) , ifanele kubantu abangamaphesenti angama-80 abantu abane-polymyositis.
Ekugcineni, i-biopsy ye-muscle ingenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-polymyositis ixilongwa yini.
Kunconywa i-biopsy ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe ukwelashwa ukuze ezinye izifo ze-muscle zingakhishwa.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Polymyositis
I-Corticosteroids emazingeni aphezulu yiyona ndlela yokuqala yokwelashwa kwe-polymyositis ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala emisipha. Uma lokho kuphela kungenele, izivikeli ze-immunosuppressants zingase zengezwe ohlelweni lwezokwelapha. Ama-immunosuppressants angase acatshangelwe afaka methotrexate (i-Rheumatrex), i-azathioprine (Imuran), i-mycophenolate (CellCept), i-cyclophosphamide (i-Cytoxan), i- rituximab (i-Rituxan), i-cyclosporine (i-Sandimmune), ne-IV immunoglobulin (IVIG).
I-polymyositis ehambisana nomdlavuza ngokuvamile ayihambisani ne-corticosteroids. Ukukhishwa kwe-tumor, uma kunokwenzeka, kungasiza kakhulu emasimini axhumene nomdlavuza.
Izwi elivela
Ngokuphathwa kokwelapha kwe-polymyositis, ukuxolelwa kungenzeka. Inani lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu labantu abadala abane-polymyositis, ngokusho kweMerck Manual, ngamaphesenti angu-75-80. Ukufa kungaholela emiphumeleni yobuthakathaka obukhulu futhi obuqhubekayo obuthakathaka. Abantu abane-cardiac noma ukubandakanyeka kwe-pulmonary kubonakala sengathi banezifo ezimbi kakhulu. Lokhu kungase kuthiwe ngeziguli ze-polymyositis ezine-cancer.
Ukuhlolwa kwamagciwane kunconywa iziguli ze-polymyositis ezineminyaka engu-60 nangaphezulu. Khumbula isidingo sokusebenza komdlavuza wesimiso. Ukuthola umdlavuza ongatholakali kungaba yisihluthulelo sokushintsha ukubikezela kwakho nge-polymyositis.
> Imithombo:
> I-Cleveland Clinic, i-Polymyositis, http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/polymyositis. Kubuyekezwe uSepthemba 2015.
> Hajj-ali, RA., MD. I-polymyositis ne-Dermatomyositis. I-Merck Manual. I-Professional Version. Kubukeziwe / kubuyekezwe ngoJuni 2013.
> MedlinePlus, Polymyositis - Umuntu omdala. Kubuyekezwe nguGordon A. Starkebaum, MD. NgoJanuwari 20, 2015.
> Nagaraju K, et al. "Izifo Ezivuthayo Zomzimba We-Muscle Nezinye Ama-Myopathies." I-Kelley's Bookbook of Rheumatology. 2016.