Sekudlulile iminyaka eyi-20 kusukela i-HIV iqala ukutholakala, futhi abantu basebenzisa imigomo ye-HIV ne-AIDS ngokungafani. Ngeshwa, i-HIV ne-AIDS ayisho into efanayo, futhi ukuxuba amagama kungadukisa kakhulu.
Umehluko phakathi kwe- HIV ne-AIDS empeleni ngokuqondile. I-HIV igciwane. I-AIDS iyincazelo.Ungeke ube ne-AIDS ngaphandle kokutheleleka nge-HIV.
Kodwa-ke, abantu bangaphila impilo ende, nephilile ne-HIV ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa i-AIDS.
Buyela ezisekelweni - Incazelo ye-HIV
I-HIV imelela "igciwane lesandulela ngculazi lomuntu." Ngamanye amazwi, igciwane elithinta abantu futhi liholela ezinkingeni nge-immune system. Amasosha omzimba yisimiso somzimba sokulwa nezifo. Yakhiwa ngamaseli ahlukahlukene ahlukahlukene namaprotheni, afana nama-antibodies. Ngokuphelele, amasosha omzimba asebenza ndawonye ukuze alwe nama-bacteria, amagciwane, namanye ama-agent abangela izifo.
I-AIDS ne-HIV Akunjalo
Ukuqonda ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuthi une-HIV kuyinto elula. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unesandulela ngculazi noma awukho. Noma kunjalo, ukuqonda i-AIDS kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
I-AIDS imele "I-Immune Deficiency Syndrome". Ukuxilongwa kwe-AIDS kuyindlela yokuchaza iqembu lonke lezimpawu nezifo ezihambisana nomonakalo i-HIV eyenziwa kumzimba wokuzivikela.
Njengoba ukutheleleka nge-HIV okungaphenduliwe kuqhubekela phambili, kunomonakalo oqhubekayo kumaseli okuvikela omzimba. Njengoba lokhu kwenzeka, umzimba ukhula kancane ukulwa nezifo. Uma isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ngculaza sisebenza ngendlela encane ngale ndlela, umuntu uthathwa ukuthi une-immune. Yimvelaphi yegama elithi AIDS.
Abantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi eliphakeme bangakwazi ukutheleleka kubantu abangenamavilo omzimba aphilile. Empeleni, i-HIV ne-AIDS yaqala ukubonwa ngenxa yeziqhumane zezifo ezingavamile nezifo ezingangqayizivele ezingakaze zibonwe ngezibalo eziningi e-US Izifo ezinjalo ziyaziwa ngokuthi yizifo ezithathelanayo ngoba zisebenzisa ikhono elibuthakathaka lomuntu one-HIV. ukulwa nezifo. Ngamanye amazwi, bazimisele. Ezinye izifo ezibhekwa njengezifo ezithathelwanayo ngenhloso yokuxilongwa nge-AIDS zihlanganisa:
- I-Candidasis (imvubelo yesifo) emqaleni nasemaphaphu
- Umdlavuza wesifo somlomo wesibeletho
- Izifo ze-fungal ezibangelwa i-Cryptococcus noma i-Coccidioides
- Ukutheleleka kobuchopho obuhlobene ne-HIV
- I-sarcoma yeKapa
Njengoba izindlela zokwelapha ze-HIV ziye zathuthuka, izifo ezithathelanayo ziye zavame kakhulu. Abanye abantu bangase baphile impilo yonke ne-HIV ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa ukutheleleka okunomthelela. Ngakho yini i-AIDS?
Umuntu kuthiwa une-AIDS, ngokumelene nokumane ene-HIV, uma izinto ezimbili ziyiqiniso. Okokuqala, kumele babe ne-HIV. Okwesibili, noma izinombolo zezinhlobo ezithile zamangqamuzana omzimba omzimba wazo kumele ziwe ngaphansi kwesigaba esithile noma kumele zithuthukise esinye sezifo ezithile ezikhethwe njengezifo ezithathelanayo .
Yingakho i-AIDS ithathwa njengencazelo. I-AIDS idinga isiguli ukufeza izinqubo eziningana zokugxilonga. Kodwa-ke, i-AIDS akuyona imiphumela edingekayo yokutheleleka nge-pathogen. Ngokuphambene, ukutheleleka nge-HIV kukwanele ukuxilongwa nge-HIV. Lokhu kuyiqiniso noma ngabe umuntu unemibonakaliso noma imiphumela emibi evela kulesigciwane.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi umuntu angaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculazi iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa i-AIDS noma yiziphi izimpawu zokutheleleka nge-HIV . Eqinisweni, izinketho zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu ziyatholakala. Ngakho-ke, abantu abaningi abanesandulela ngculazi bahlala isikhathi eside, bephilile ngaphandle kwempawu zokuzivikela komzimba. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa okufanelekile kubalulekile empilweni enhlalakahle nenhlalakahle kubantu abane-HIV. Futhi kunciphisa amathuba okuthi omunye umuntu adlulisele igciwane kumuntu omusha.
Ukubaluleka kokuqala, ukwelashwa okufanele kusho ukuthi kubalulekile kunoma ngubani osemngciphekweni ukuthi ahlolwe njalo nge-HIV. Ngaphandle kokuhlola, abantu bangenwa igciwane iminyaka engakaze bazi. Ngeshwa, ngisho noma umuntu engazi ukuthi anesandulela ngculaza, angakwazi ukudlulisela igciwane kwabanye abantu ngokusebenzisa ubulili obuvikelekile . Bangakwazi futhi ukudlulisela i-HIV ngezinye izindlela zokuziphatha eziyingozi eziveza ngokuqondile abanye abantu egazini labo, ngegazi, ubisi, kanye nezinye izifo zomzimba ezingase zithatheke. I-HIV ayisakazeki ngokuxhumana okungajwayelekile.
Imithombo:
Pitchenik AE, Fischl MA, uDickinson GM, Becker DM, Fournier AM, O'Connell MT, Colton RM, iSpira TJ. Izifo ezithinta amathuba kanye ne-Kaposi's sarcoma phakathi kwabantu baseHaiti: ubufakazi bombuso omusha wokuthola i-immunodeficiency state. U-Ann Intern Med. 1983 Mar; 98 (3): 277-84.
Schroff RW, Gottlieb MS, Prince HE, Chai LL, Fahey JL. Ucwaningo lwe-immunological lwamadoda angqingili abane-immunodeficiency kanye ne-sarcoma ye-Kaposi. I-Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1983 Jun; 27 (3): 300-14.
Kuyini i-AIDS? kusuka ku- CDC . Kufinyelelwe ku www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/qa/qa2.htm