Imithi ye-asthma ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili:
- Ukuphumula okusheshayo noma ukusiza imithi ye-asthma
- Imithi yokulawula i-asthma
Imithi yokwelashwa okuphuthumayo okusheshayo yenza izibonakaliso ezinzima ze-asthma, njenge-wheezing, ukuqina kwesifuba, ukuphefumula nokuphefumula. Imithi yokulawula i-asthma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izama ukuvimbela lezi zimpawu ezifanayo. Ngokuyinhloko, yonke imithi ye-asthma ixiliswa, nakuba abanye befika efomini eliketshezi futhi omunye unikezwa njengokwamukelwa.
Ake sihlole izinketho.
I-Steroids engenayo
I-steroids engenayo iyimithi ewusizo kakhulu ye-asthma ngoba iyindlela enamandla kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo etholakalayo yokulawula isikhathi eside. Izakhiwo zabo ezivimbela ukuvuvukala zibophezele ekuthuthukiseni okuphawulekayo okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwale mithi ye-asthma. I-steroids engabhalisiwe ifakiwe ingabandakanya:
Ama-agonists ase-Beta abambalwa (i-SABA)
Ama-SABA awuhlobo lomuthi wezidakamizwa osetshenziselwa imithi yokwelashwa ngokushesha. Loluhlobo lwemithi ye-asthma yisidakamizwa esizikhethela ukukhululeka okuphawulekayo kwempawu ze-asthma futhi isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela i -asthma esetshenziselwa ukuvivinya umzimba . Ngenxa yokuthi le mithi ye-asthma ingavimbela izimpawu zakho ze-asthma ukuthi zingabi nakakhulu, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale uhlala nawe. Amanye ama-SABA ahlanganisa:
- I-Albuterol
- Proventil
- Ventolin
- I-Xopenex
- Maxair
I-Long Acting Beta Agonists (LABA)
Loluhlobo lwemithi ye-asthma lukhethwa uma ama-steroid akho akhwamayo engalawulanga ngokwanele izimpawu zakho, okungaziwa ngokuthi yi-thractive therapy.
Ama-LABA awasetshenzisiwe njengemithi yokwelapha eyodwa ye-asthma yokwelapha nokuvimbela izimpawu futhi awasetshenziselwa ukuphatha izimpawu eziphuthumayo ze- asthma noma ukukhushulwa kwe-asthma . Ama-LABA afaka:
- Brovana
- Foradil
- I-Perforomist
- USerevent
Leukotriene Modifiers
Loluhlobo lwemithi ye-asthma lubhekwa njengenye indlela yokwelapha iziguli ezine- asthma eziphikisanayo futhi zingasetshenziswa njengesiphakamiso sokuguqula nge-steroids engatholakali.
I-asthma eyenziwa ngokuzivocavoca nayo ingalawulwa nayo. Amanye ama-modifiers e-leukotriene okwamanje atholakalayo afaka:
- I-Accolate
- Singulair
- Zyflo
I-Oral Steroids
I-steroid ye-oral isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kokucubungula okunamandla futhi okunamandla okukhulu ukusiza ukuthuthukisa izimpawu nokuvimbela ukuphendula kwesigaba sekwephuzile kwesikhuhlane se-allergen. Ama-steroids omlomo asetshenziselwa kuphela imishanguzo yokulawula ngemuva kokunye imithi eminingi ehlulekayo.
Anticholinergics
I-Anticholinergics yenza njenge- bronchodilator futhi ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa ne-SABAs ekwelapheni okunzima kwezimpawu ze-asthma ekamelweni eliphuthumayo noma esibhedlela. Isibonelo se-anticholinergic i-Atrovent.
I-Cromolyn Sodium ne-Nedocromil
I-Cromolyn ne-nedocromil ibhekwa njengezinye izindlela zokwelapha iziguli ezine-asthma eziphikisanayo. Bobabili basiza ukuvimbela ukuvuvukala emaphashini. Lezi zidakamizwa azikaze zisetshenziselwe ukwelashwa izimpawu ezinzima ze-asthma. Amabhizinisi afaka i-Intal ne-Tilade.
Imishanguzo ye-Asthma Medication
Izinkampani eziningana zemithi ziye zahlanganiswa nemikhiqizo, enezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa zemithi ye-asthma ku-inhaler eyodwa. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kufaka phakathi i-steroid engatholakali kanye ne-LABA. I-LABA ikhulisa umoya wakho wamaphaphu futhi i-steroid ephazamisekile iyancipha futhi ivimbela ukuvuvukala kwe-airway.
Iziguli zithola lolu hlobo lwemithi ye-asthma elula futhi ngokuvamile zizwa sengathi zinokulawula okungcono. Izibonelo zifaka:
Ama-immunomodulators
Ama-immunomodulators yiqembu lezidakamizwa ezihlinzeka ngezikhathi zesikhathi ukulawula i-asthma noma zibhekwa njengokungaboni kahle kwe-steroid. Le mithi iguqula isisombululo sakho somzimba wamasosha omzimba ku-asthma. Ngokuvamile, lezi zindlela zokwelapha zinciphisa impendulo yakho ye-IgE kuma-asthma. I-immunomodulator kuphela etholakalayo okwamanje i- Xolair .
I-Methylxanthine
Lokhu kusebenza njenge-bronchodilator emnene futhi kubhekwa njengenye indlela yokwelapha okumele isetshenziswe ukuze isetshenziswe nge-steroids engatholakali.
Imithombo:
I-National Heart, Lung, ne-Blood Institute. Umbiko wePhaneli Wabachwepheshe 3 (EPR3): Izinkombandlela Zokuthola Ukuhlolwa Nokuphathwa Kwe-Asthma