I-GP 120, i-GP 41, ne-GP 160
I-HIV yisigciwane esivulekile. Lokhu kwenza uhluke kwezinye ezinye izinhlobo zama- retrovirus . Ayinayo nje i-protein coat. Kunalokho, uma igciwane lesandulela ngculazi liphuma esitokisini esithatha isithwebuli sithatha ingxenye yelwelwesi le plasma. Leyo ncane ye-membrane iba ivulophu ye-HIV. Kodwa-ke, imvilophu ye-HIV ayitholakali kuphela izingxenye ezisuka kumphathi. Iphinde yenziwe amaprotheni we-HIV envilophu.
Amaprotheni we-HIV emvilophu afaka i-gp 41, i-gp 120, ne-gp 160.
I-GP imelela i- "glycoprotein". Ama-glycoprotein ane-carbohydrate, noma ushukela, izingxenye kanye ne-backbone backbone. Inombolo ngemuva kwe-gp ibhekisela ekude kwamaprotheni.
Qaphela: Akuwona wonke ama-glycoprotein ahlotshaniswa nama-virus. Amaprotheni amaningi ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwezivikela-mzimba nawo ama-glycoprotein. Ngakho-ke nezinye ezinye amaprotheni ezitholakala emzimbeni womuntu.
Amaprotheni gp 120 cishe ayaziwa kakhulu ngama-proteins e-HIV emvilophu. Imithi eminingi yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza izame ukukukhomba. Kubaluleke kakhulu ekubopheleleni i-HIV kumaseli e-CD4 . Abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi uma bekwazi ukuphazamisa ngempumelelo i-gp 120 ebophayo, bazokwazi ukunciphisa ukudluliswa kwe-HIV.
Ngaphezu kwegp 120, i-gp 41 nayo ibalulekile ekusizeni ukungena kwe-HIV kumaseli abanjwe. Isiza ulwelwesi lwegciwane kanye ne-membrane cell fuse. Lena yingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokutheleleka. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinambuzane ezimbili kuyisinyathelo sokuqala ekukhululeni i-RNA yegciwane esitokisini sokuphindaphinda.
Eqinisweni, i-fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide empeleni isebenza ngokuphazamisa i-gp 41. I-Gp 41 nayo iphrotheni egcina i-gp 120 ifakwe emvilophini yegciwane. Lihlezi esihlokweni futhi libophezela ku-gp 120. I-GP 120 ayinamathisi ngqo kwimvilophu.
I-GP 160 ayiyona iphrotheni yesithathu ye-invilophi ye-HIV.
Esikhundleni salokho, i-gp 160 iyisandulela se-gp 120 ne-gp 41. Iprotheni emikhulu ibhalwe yi- env (envelope) gene. Ihlukaniswa ngezicucu ezincane ezinyunyeni esitokisini - 120 + 41 = 161. (I-GP 160 ngezinye izikhathi ikhulunywa ngokuhlukile ku-gp 120 no-gp 41. Nokho, lokho kuyakhohlisa.)
Iqhaza ekungeneni kwe-HIV nokutheleleka
Amaprotheni e-HIV emvilophini anendima ebalulekile ekungeneni kwe-HIV nokutheleleka. Zingabalulekile nakakhulu ekuvimbeleni nasekwelapha. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthakazelisayo, isihloko se-proteins ye-HIV emvilophini sivame ukuvela ezingxoxweni zokuhlolwa kwe-HIV. Isibonelo, i- Western Blot ayithathwa njenge-diagnostic eqondile ye-HIV ngaphandle uma umuntu enama-antibodies ngokumelene kokubili amaphilisi e-HIV emvilophini ne-HIV esemqoka amaprotheni.
Kukhona futhi ukukhathazeka ngokuthi ukuvivinywa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kungathinta kanjani izindlela zokuhlola. Inamba ekhulayo yabantu abaye bahlanganyela kulezi zivivinyo ingabangela ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV antibody okungamanga okungaphezulu. Ngokuvamile imishanguzo yenzelwe ukuthi umzimba wenze ama-antibodies ngokumelene namaprotheni athile, njengama-proteins e-HIV emvilophu. Njengoba lawo ma-antibodies yilokho okungewona u-RNA ukuhlolelwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kubheka, kungaholela ekukhohliseni amanga.
Lokhu kuyinto eyodwa ukuthi ukutshela ukuthi umuntu angaba nomphumela omuhle kuphela uma bekhiqiza ama-antibodies kuma-protein ayinhloko angasiza ekuvimbeleni.
Uma uhlanganyela ekuhlolweni kwegciwane lesandulelangculaza, tshela udokotela wakho. Kufanele futhi ugcine amarekhodi aqaphele okubamba iqhaza kwakho. Kungenzeka ukuthi inqubo yokuhlola i-HIV evamile ngeke isakwazi ukuthi ilungile.
Umthombo:
Cooper CJ, Metch B, Dragavon J, Coombs RW, Baden LR; I-NIAID I-NIAID I-HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) Igciwane Lokusebenza Lokusebenza Kwesifo Senzovu (VISP). Ukwelashwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza / ukuvuselelwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza abangenalo i-HIV abanikezwa ngogciwane. I-JAMA. 2010 Jul 21; 304 (3): 275-83.