Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu emazweni amaningi e-United States, ukutheleleka nge-tapeworms, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-taeniasis, sinokukhathazeka okwengeziwe emazweni asathuthuka. I-tapeworms iyinhlobo ye-flatworm ye-parasitic kanti ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zingathinta amapheshana okugaya abantu. Izifo zivame kakhulu ezindaweni lapho izakhiwo zokunakekelwa kwendle zishaywa khona futhi abantu bangase baxhumane nezilwane.
Amapayipi omuntu atholakala kaningi ngenxa yokudla okuphekiwe noma inyama eluhlaza, ingulube, noma inhlanzi esilwaneni esasenwe yisifo.
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-tapeworms zihlanganisa umthamo wenkomo yenkomo ( Taenia saginata) , i- porch tapeworm (i-Taenia solium) , ne-tapeworm yase-Asia (i-Taenia asiatica) , etholakala e-Asia futhi iphinde iphathe ingulube. Izinhlanzi zasemanzini angenwa igciwane elikhulu, i- Diphyllobothrium latum.
Izimpawu
Ezimweni eziningi, ukutheleleka nge-tapeworm akubangelwa izimpawu noma kubangela izimpawu ezimbalwa kumgudu wokugaya. Uma kunezibonakaliso nezimpawu, zingabandakanya:
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- Uhudo
- Ukukhathala
- Indlala
- Ukungabi nesifiso
- I-nausea
- Kudlula izingxenye ze-tapeworm esitokisini
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo
Endabeni yokutheleleka ngeqanda le- ingulube ye-ngulube (T. Solium) , ezinye izingxenye zomzimba zitheleleke uma izibungu ze-tapeworm zisuka ohlelweni lokugaya futhi zakha ama-cysts (okuthiwa i-cysticercosis). Lokhu kungabangela izixuku noma izibhamu ngaphansi kwesikhumba noma ezithombeni zomzimba noma ezithombeni.
Uma ama-cysts ekhona ohlelweni lwezinzwa zomphakathi noma ubuchopho kungenzeka kube nezimpawu ze-neurological (lesi simo esibizwa nge-neurocysticercosis) futhi sibe sína kakhulu. Ezinye zezimpawu nezimpawu ze-neurocysticercosis zingabandakanya:
- Izinwele
- Ukuzizwa
- Ezinye izimpawu ze-neurological
Ukutheleleka nge-tapeworm ye-fish ( D. Latum ) kungabangela ukungabi nalutho lwe-vitamin B12, okungabangela i-anemia.
Izimpawu ze-anemia zingabandakanya:
- Ukucindezeleka
- Isizungu
- Ukukhathala
- Izinsizwa
- Amandla aphansi
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
- Ukukhala ezindlebeni
Izimbangela
Izimbalwa ezimbalwa zikubeka engozini yokuthuthukisa ukutheleleka komthamo.
Isidakamizwa, inyama yengulube noma inhlanzi
Indlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke abantu abathintekayo nge-tapeworm iwukudla ukudla okuphekiwe noma inyama eluhlaza, ingulube noma inhlanzi. Uma lesi silwane sineziphephelo, umuntu odla inyama naye angenwa igciwane.
Umjikelezo wokuphila we-tapeworm uqala ngamaqanda. Amaqanda aphephethayo angaphila ngaphandle kwe-host and imvelo (njengamanzi noma ezitshalweni) izinsuku noma ngisho nezinyanga. Izilwane zingenwa igciwane emva kokudla izitshalo noma ukuphakela noma ukuphuza amanzi aqukethe amaqanda angama-tapeworm.
Manje ngaphakathi kwenkathi yesilwane, amaqanda ayaqhaqhazela futhi avuthwe emathonjomeni amancane, asemaselula futhi angakwazi ukuphuma emathunjini futhi abe izicubu zomzimba. Uma kungenqamuki noma kuphekwe ngokufanele ukubulala ukutheleleka, inyama iqukethe amathinteli aphilayo, angadluliselwa kumuntu odlayo.
Ingulube i-Tapeworm Amaqanda
Indlela engavamile yokutheleleka nge-tapeworms iwukuba uxhumane namaqanda avela ku-tapeworm yengulube (T solium) . Amaqanda achitheka esitokisini esivela esilwaneni noma kumuntu otheleleke futhi angakwazi ukuhlala enemvelo.
Lokhu kubandakanya amanzi, yingakho kubalulekile ukuqikelela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi okuphuza ayinama-pathogens.
Amaqanda angabuye agonywe, isibonelo, uma umuntu osulelekile engahlanza izandla kahle ngemuva kokuya endlini yokugezela bese ephethe ukudla okudliwe abanye. Amaqanda okugwedla ingulube angaphila ezindaweni ezikuyo ukuze bakwazi ukudlulisela kwabanye abantu ngokusebenzisa izinto ezinamaqanda kuzo.
Ukuhambela Emhlabeni Wonke
Ngenkathi ukutheleleka ngamathempompi kwenzeka e-United States, kuvame kakhulu ezweni elithuthukayo. Uhambo oluya ezindaweni lapho izifo ezithinta amathrekhi zivame kakhulu.
Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ngenkathi kuhamba kuhlanganisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inyama nezinhlanzi ziphekwe kahle nokuthi izithelo nemifino kuphekwe emanzini abilayo noma amanzi aphethwe kahle ukuze abulale noma yiziphi izifo eziphilayo ezikhona. Kungcono ukugwema noma yikuphi ukudla noma isiphuzo okungumsoli.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kokutheleleka ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla kuhlanganisa ukuhlola isitoreji se-tapeworms kanye / noma ukubuka endaweni ye-perianal yamaqanda. Kwezinye izimo, izingxenye ze-tapeworm zingase zibonakale esitokisini. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kubalulekile ukuletha isampula esitokisini kudokotela noma ebhuthini ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kutholakale ukuxilongwa. Kwabanye, kungase kube namathepompi noma azungeze i-anus ukuthi udokotela angabona ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba.
Ukuze kuvivinywe isitifiketi, okudingekayo ukuthola ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-tapeworm olukhona, isitokisi kuyodingeka iqoqwe futhi inikezwe kubhabhu. Lokhu kuvame ukuqhutshwa ngesitokisi ukufakwa kwisitsha esinyumba, noma ekhaya noma ukusebenzisa indlu yokugezela ebhodini, futhi unikezwe ochwepheshe belebhu abazoyisebenzisa futhi bayithumele ukuhlolwa. Kungase kudingekile ukuqoqa nokuhlola izithameli kusuka ezinhlobonhlobo eziningana zokuhamba kwamathumbu ngezinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze uhlolwe.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngamagciwane e-vitamin B12 kanye / noma i-anemia kungenziwa uma kukhona ukutheleleka nge-tapeworm yezinhlanzi. Ukuhlola ukuhlolwa okufana ne-CT scan noma i-MRI kungenziwa futhi uma kunezinkinga ezivela ekuthelelekeni ngeqanda lezingulube zengulube eziye zafudukela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Ukwelapha
Ezimweni zokutheleleka kwamathumbu emathunjini emathumbu, ukwelashwa kunomuthi ozovimba iminyundu. Uma izimpethu zingakwazi ukugxila emgodini wezinambuzane zizophuma emzimbeni ngokunyakaza kwamathumbu.
Isidakamizwa sokulwa nesandulela ngculazi esivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezithintekayo yi-praziquantel (i-Biltricide). I-Praziquantel inikezwa ngomthamo owodwa. Ukuze uthole ukutheleleka nge-tapeworm encane ( Hymenolepis nana ), imishanguzo ye-antiprotozoal, i-Alinia (nitazoxanide), ingasetshenziswa.
Ngezinkinga ezibangelwa ukutheleleka ngeqanda lezingulube ze-ngulube ezenze ama-cysts, ukwelashwa kuzoxhomeke endaweni yama-cysts. Imithi yokulwa ne-antiparasitic izonikezwa kodwa kungadingeka ukusebenzisa imithi eyengeziwe noma ukwelashwa ukuphatha ukutheleleka kanye nezinkinga ezihlobene kwezinye izindawo zomzimba.
Izwi elivela
Izifo ezinezinhlobo eziningi ze-tapeworms zilawulwa ngemithi. Okubalulekile ukuthola ukutheleleka okuphathwayo nokulandela umhlinzeki wezempilo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukwelashwa kwaphumelela.
Ukuvimbela kuyisihluthulelo kodwa kuyinselele ezindaweni lapho kungekho khona ukutholakala kwamanzi ahlanzekile nezakhiwo zokuhlanza amanzi. Kwezinye izindawo zezwe elithuthukayo, ukutheleleka ngeqanda lezingulube zengulube kuyimbangela ebalulekile yezinkinga zezinzwa ezingapheli. E-United States, ukutheleleka akuvamile futhi kukhona okukhathazeka kakhulu kubantu abavela kwamanye amazwe noma kulabo abahlala ezindaweni ezinezilwane ezifuyiwe noma zamahhala.
> Imithombo:
> I-Global Health - I-Division of Diasitic Illness. "I-Diphyllobothrium > latum > (nezinye izinhlobo ze-FAQ)." Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. 10 Jan 2012.
> I-Global Health - I-Division of Diasitic Illness. "Imibuzo ye-Taeniasis". Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. 10 Jan 2013.
> I-Pearson R. "I-Taenia Solium (I-Pork Tapeworm) Infection kanye ne-Cysticercosis." I-Merck Manual Edition Edition.
> I-Digital Reference Reference. "Praziquantel - Summary Summary." PDR, LLC. 2018
> UMnyango wezeMpilo waseMelika kanye nezinsizakalo zabasebenzi. "Ukuphatha Ukudla Okuphephile: Okudingeka Ukwazi." Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa zase-US ngo-30 Nov 2017.