Ukusebenzisa "Amathegi" we-Cellular ukwakha ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe
Ama-CD marker, awaziwa nangokuthi ama-antigens e-CD, yizinhlobo ezithile ze-molecule ezitholakala ebusweni bamaseli ezisiza ukuhlukanisa uhlobo lweseli kolunye. Eqinisweni, ama-initials "CD" asho "iqoqo lokuhlukanisa," igama elithi nomenclature laqala ngalo ngo-1982.
Ngenkathi abanye abantu bebajwayele ngemigomo ye-CD4 ne-CD8, ehlukanisa amasosha omzimba avikelayo aziwa ngokuthi ama- T-cell , awekho ama-antigens e-CD aziwa angaphansi kwama-371 athi "atha" cishe wonke amaselula omzimba, ehlinzeka ngamakaki awo ahlukile .
Yiziphi izimpawu zeCD ezitshelayo
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, izimpawu ze-CD zisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa amaseli egazi amhlophe akhiqizwa ngumzimba ukusiza ukulwa nokutheleleka. Lawa maseli ayingxenye eyinhloko yesistimu yomzimba evimbela ukuzivikela, ukuhloswa, nokunciphisa izifo ezihlasela isifo.
Isibonelo, ama- CD4 T-cell abizwa ngokuthi "amangqamuzana omsizi" ngoba indima yabo ukukhombisa "umbulali" we- CD8 T-cell ukuhlasela nokunciphisa i-pathogen ethile.
Ngokuqonda lezi zintuthuko, ososayensi bangasebenzisa izimpawu ze-CD ukuze bangahlolisi nje isimo sesifo (esilinganiswa ukwanda noma ukwehla kwamanani eseli) kodwa balinganise amandla omzimba womzimba ngokwawo. Izimo ezithile ezifana ne- HIV kanye nokufakelwa komzimba zihlobene nokucindezelwa kwe-immune , okusho ukuthi umzimba awukwazi ukukhuphuka ukuzivikela komzimba njengoba kuboniswa ukungabikho kwe-CD4 T-cell.
Ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwezikhundla ze-CD, ukuhlola umsebenzi womzimba womuntu kwaba nzima nakakhulu.
Amakhamera we-CD ekuHlweni kweCanscer and Treatment
Ngaphandle kokuqapha ukutheleleka nesimo sokuzivikela, ama-antigens eCD angasetshenziswa ukubona ukukhula okungavamile kwamaseli aziwa ngokuthi i- neoplasm . Ama-neoplasms angase abe nonobungozi (angewona umdlavuza), abulalayo (umdlavuza), noma aphephile, kodwa, njenganoma iyiphi enye iseli, abe namaklayenti e-CD ososayensi abangawasebenzisa ukuwakhomba.
Izimpawu ze-CD azibalulekile kuphela ekuxilongweni komdlavuza, zingasiza ukukhomba ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokwelashwa ezingaphumelela kakhulu futhi zikwazi ukuthi ukwelashwa kahle kangakanani ngokuqapha izinguquko kuma-CD afanelekayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi namuhla bakwazi ukwakha uhlobo lweprotheyini evikelayo, eyaziwa ngokuthi i -anti-monoplonal antibody (mAb) , ehambisana ne-CD antigen ethile. Lezi zinselo zamakhemikhali ezilinganayo zilinganisa lezo ezikhiqizwa ngumzimba futhi zingasetshenziswa ukulwa nomdlavuza ngendlela ebizwa ngokuthi i- immunotherapy ehlosiwe .
Uma ugonywe emzimbeni, ama-Abs angasebenzisa ngezindlela ezihlukile kuye ngokuklama kwawo:
- Bangase babophe kumakaki we-CD kumaseli omdlavuza futhi babhubhise.
- Bangase babophe uphawu lwe-CD kumaseli omdlavuza futhi bavimbele ikhono labo lokuphindaphinda, ukuyeka noma ukunciphisa ukukhula kwabo.
- Zingase zikhulise ukuvikelwa kwemvelo komzimba okuqondene nalo mdlavuza.
Ngaphandle komzimba, ama-Abs asetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa ukuze athole ama-antigens akhethekile egazi, izicubu, noma amasampula omzimba.
I-Immunotherapy ehlosiwe yeCanscer
Ama-antibodies wamonoclonal namuhla asetshenziselwa ukuphatha izifo eziningi ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nezifo ezithile ezizimele kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Ukuphumelela kwabo kungashintsha, kanti ezinye umdlavuza ziphendula kangcono kunabanye.
Ngalokho kuthiwa, ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe bezakhi zofuzo kuye kwabangela inani elikhulayo lama-immunotherapeutic agents agunyaziwe. Ngokuphambene nesifo esidalwa yi- chemotherapy esikhulile esibheka amangqamuzana okuphindaphindiwe okusheshayo, kokubili okunomdlavuza futhi enempilo, lezi zidakamizwa ezizukulwaneni ezintsha zibhekisela kuphela kulawo maseli ane-CD ethi "ithegi."
Phakathi kwezidakamizwa okwamanje ezivunyiwe yi-US Food Drug Administration ukuze zisebenzise umdlavuza immunotherapy:
- I-Adcetris (i-brentuximab vedotin) esetshenziselwa ukuphatha i- Hodgkin lymphoma kanye ne- plastiki enkulu cell lymphoma
- I-Arzerra (ye -atumumab) esetshenziselwa ukuphatha i-lymphocytic leukemia (SLL) encane kanye ne-lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) engavamile
- I-Blincyto (i-blinatumomab) esetshenziselwa ukuphatha ezinye izinhlobo ze-leukemia e-lymphocytic acute (KONKE)
- I-Campath (alemtuzumab) isetshenziselwa ukuphatha i-CLL
- I-Gazyva (obinutuzumab) esetshenziselwa ukuphatha i-SLL ne-CLL
- I-Herceptin (i-trastuzumab) isetshenziselwa ukuphatha ezinye zegciwane lesisu nesisu
- I-Kadycla (i-ado-trastuzumab emtansine) esetshenziselwa ukuphatha ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza webele
- I-Keytruda (pembrolizumab) esetshenziselwa ukuphatha ezinye umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo
- I-Ontak (denileukin diftitox) esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i- lymphoma yesikhumba
- I-Opdivo (nivolumab) esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu we-metastatic kanye nezinye umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo
- I-Rituxan (rituximab) esetshenziselwa ukuphatha izinhlobo ezithile ze- non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
- I-Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan) esetshenziselwa ukuphatha ezinye izinhlobo ze-NHL
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. "Ama-antibodies omzimba aphephe umdlavuza." I-Atlanta, Georgia; ibuyekeziwe ngo-Okthoba 2017.
> Vanneman, R. noDranoff, G. "Ukuhlanganisa imithi yokwelapha kanye nemithi ethintekayo ekwelapheni komdlavuza." I-Can Rev Cancer. 2012: 12: 237-51. I-DOI: 10.1038 / nrc3237.