Isifo sikashukela siyinkinga ekhulayo e-United States. Ngokusho kwamaCentral for Disease Control and Prevention, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-29 baseMelika abanesifo sikashukela kanye nezigidi ezingu-86 babenesifo sikashukela ngonyaka ka-2012. Inombolo iyaqhubeka nokukhula nezinkinga zezokwelapha eziza nayo.
Isifo sikashukela sihlotshaniswa nesifo se-iso (retinopathy), isifo senhliziyo (isifo se- coronary artery ), isifo sezinso (i- nephropathy ), nesifo se-nerve ( neuropathy ).
Izinga lokugonywa kwezifo lokushaya kwenhliziyo kanye nokushaywa yisifo yi-1.8 kanti izikhathi ezingu-1.5 ziphakeme kubantu abanesifo sikashukela kunabangenalo isimo.
Lesi sifo sithengisa iMelika, ne-Medicare, hhayi kuphela empilweni naseqophelweni lokuphila kodwa ngama-dollar namasenti. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi izindleko zezokwelapha eziqondile zaleso sifo zibe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-176 zamaRandi futhi zinciphisa umkhiqizo okungenani u-$ 69 billion ngo-2013 kuphela.
Ngabe isifo sikashukela sinani?
I-Medicare Screening yesifo sikashukela
I-Medicare ihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela mahhala kubantu abasengozini yesimo. Ukuhlolwa kwalesi sifo kungabandakanya ukulinganisa kwe-glucose , ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula okuhlola ukuthi ushukela kangakanani egazini lakho emva kwamahora angu-8 kuya kwangu-12 okuzila ukudla. Okunye okukhethwa kukho kufaka ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose ukubekezelelana komlomo , okulinganisa izinga lakho lokushukela ngegazi ngaphambi nangemva kwenselelo ye-glucose. Ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin A1c kuyindlela enye futhi kubonisa ukuthi isilinganiso sakho soshukela egazini silinganisani phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu.
Ufanelekile ukuhlolwa kwezifo zokuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-12 uma une okulandelayo:
- I-Dyslipidemia (i-cholesterol ephakeme)
- Ukungahambisani ne-glucose (umlando wokufunda ushukela ephezulu)
- I-hypertension (i-high blood pressure)
- Ukukhuluphala (inkomba yomzimba womzimba ka-30 noma ngaphezulu)
Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungase uvumeleke ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela kabili ngonyaka uma okungenani kunezici ezimbili ezilandelayo:
- Iminyaka engu-65 noma ngaphezulu
- Umlando womndeni wesifo sikashukela esezihlotsheni zokuqala (abazali, abafowethu, odade)
- Isifo sikashukela sokugaya (isifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa) noma ukuletha ingane enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-9 noma ngaphezulu
- Ukuqapha ngokweqile (index mass body phakathi kuka-25 no-30)
Uma uthola ukuthi unesifo sikashukela esandulela isifo sikashukela, okusho ukuthi ushukela wegazi lakho liphakeme kunezinye ezivamile kodwa hhayi eliphezulu ngokwanele ukuba lihlukaniswe njengesifo sikashukela, i-Medicare izokhipha izivivinyo ezimbili zokuhlola ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela unyaka ngamunye.
I-Medicare Ukuhlinzekwa Kwezinto Zesifo Sikashukela
Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokufuna ukuthi uqaphele ushukela wegazi lakho uma uthola ukuthi unesifo sikashukela. Lokhu kungase kube ukuthi ngabe uthatha imithi yomlomo noma i- insulin ukuphatha ushukela wegazi. Izimpahla ezilandelayo zihlanganiswe yi- Medicare Part B inzuzo futhi kuzokuvumela ukuba uhlole i-sugars yakho yegazi ngendlela efanele. Uzokhokha umshwalense wamaphesenti angama-20 kulezi zinto kodwa ngokuvamile, ama-glucometers anganikelwa mahhala.
- Abaqaphi be-glucose
- Lawula izixazululo
- Lancets
- Amathrekhi wokuhlola
Izicathulo ezikhethekile zokwelapha kanye nokufakwa kungahlanganiswa kanye ngonyaka nge-Medicare Part B kulabo abanesifo sofuba soshukela kanye nesifo sezinyawo. Lezi zicathulo zithengisa umshwalense we-20 wamaphesenti futhi zidinga umshwalense ovela kudokotela ovunyelwe ukwelashwa.
Akukhona lokho kuphela kodwa umhlinzeki wezokwelapha walezo zicathulo kumele abe nenkontileka nehlelo lweMedare. Ukuze uqinisekise imiphumela emihle, uMedare ubuye akhokhele ukufanelwa kahle kwezi zicathulo kanye / noma ukufaka.
Kulabo abadinga i-insulini, imishini eqhubekayo kanye nempahla kuyadingeka ukuphatha lesi sidakamizwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:
- Utshwala usula
- Gauze pads
- Ipululumu ye-insulin
- Izinaliti
- Ama-syringes
Ngaphandle kwepompo ye-insulin, ehlanganiswa njengemishini yokwelashwa ehlala ngaphansi kwe-Medicare Part B, lezi zinto kufanele zifakwe ohlelweni lwakho lweDesign D. Uhlelo lwakho lwezokwelapha lwe-Medicare Part D luzomboza imithi, kuhlanganise ne-insulin, ukuphatha isifo sikashukela sakho uma nje sisesimweni somuthi wakho we-plan.
Ukhokha-co-co-inshuwalense uzosebenza.
Ukuphathwa kwe-Medicare yeSifo sikashukela
Uma unesifo sikashukela, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzofuna ukuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze ayeke izinkinga ekuthuthukiseni. Ngaphandle kokuqapha ushukela wegazi lakho, ukubeka imithi, nokwenza izivivinyo zemihlahlandlela, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ikubheke ukuze ubone ochwepheshe abathile.
- Isazi se-Nephrologist (udokotela wezinso): Abantu abanezinkinga zezinso ezihlobene nesifo sikashukela bangase bahlolwe yi-nephrologist ukuba nethemba noma livimbele ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Imvamisa yokuhlola izoxhomeke ebukhulu be-nephropathy futhi iyokukhokhela u-20% we-co-inshuwalense ngokuvakashelwa.
- Umsoco: Wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela kufanele anikezwe ukwelulekwa kokunakekelwa kokunakekelwa kokunakekelwa kokwelashwa nomchwepheshe wezondlo. Ukuvakashelwa kokuqala kanye nokuhlolwa okulandelwayo mahhala uma udokotela wakho esamukela lesi sabelo .
- I-ophthalmologist (udokotela weso): Uma umuntu esesifo sikashukela esele isikhathi eside, kuphakama ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-retinopathy. I-retinopathy ikubeka engozini yokunciphisa umbono nasezikhungweni ezimbi, ukuphuphuthekisa . Lindela ukukhokha inshuwalense engu-20 yomshuwalense we-Medicare ukumboza okunconywayo kanye nokuhlolwa kwamehlo okwenziwe ngonyaka.
- Umshayeli wezinyawo (udokotela wonyawo): Abantu abanesifo sikashukela kodwa ikakhulukazi labo abanesifo sikashukela ehlobene nesifo sikashukela ezinyaweni zabo bafanelekela ukuhlolwa ngophoyisa noma abanye ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe kabili ngonyaka. Udokotela wezinyawo uzoqapha izinguquko ezizwakalayo kanye nokunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi ezinyaweni ezingakubeka engozini yezilonda zesilonda nezinye izinkinga .
Amakilasi angamaqembu angaphinde ahlinzekwe nge-diabetes ukuqeqeshwa ngokuzilawula nokuzilawula. Lezi zinsizakalo zokuphatha zihlanganiswa umuntu osanda kuthola ukuthi unesifo sikashukela kodwa futhi atholakale nanoma ubani osemngeni wezinkinga ezivela kulesi sifo. Ngonyaka wokuqala wezinsizakalo, i-Medicare izofihla amahora angu-10 wokuqeqesha okuziphathekayo (ihora elilodwa ngeseshini elilodwa ngomunye namahora angu-9 ngezikhathi zeqembu). Eminyakeni elandelayo (ukuqala okungenani unyaka owodwa wekhalenda emva kokuqeqesha kwakho kokuqala), i-Medicare izokhipha amahora amabili okuqeqesha ngonyaka uma nje uqeqesho luqhutshwa ngezikhathi zeqembu okungenani ubude bemaminithi angu-30 futhi kufaka phakathi abantu ababili kuya kwabangu-20 . Ngaphandle kwesikhwama, iseshini ngasinye sizodla umshwalense we-20%.
I-Medicare Izinhloso Zokuvimbela Isifo Sikashukela
Izikhungo ze-Medicare neMediicaid Services zenza ukuvimbela isifo sikashukela kuqala. Isinyathelo esingamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-11,8 esikhokhelwa yi-Care Affordable Act Act senza uhlelo lomshayeli nomkhandlu weNational Council of Young Men's Associations Christian of the United States of America (YMCA) ngo-2011. Inhloso yayiwukukhuthaza izinguquko zesikhathi eside zokuphila ezithuthukisa ukudla okunempilo nokusebenza okuvamile ngokomzimba. Imiphumela yomshayeli yayiyinkimbinkimbi kangangokuthi manje isebenza njengohlelo lokuvimbela isifo sikashukela lonke ngo-2018.
Ucwaningo lwama-pilot lubonise ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo samaphesenti angu-5 kwabakwa-Medicare abasengozini yesifo sikashukela futhi banciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezempilo kulaba bazuzi nge $ 2,650 esikhathini esiyizinyanga ezingu-15. Imali yokugcina imali yesikhashana ukuthi uhlelo luzozikhokhela. Kungcono nakakhulu, kungasindisa amadola amakhulu e-Medicare ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Impilo yesizwe ingazuza kule ndlela elula yokuvimbela.
> Imithombo:
> Umbiko we-National Diabetes Statistics ka-2014. Amasevisi Ewebhusayithi Yokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics/2014StatisticsReport.html.
> Uhlelo lwe-Medicare: Ukubuyekezwa Kwezinqubomgomo Zokukhokha ngaphansi koHlelo Lokukhokhelwa KwezeMpilo Nezinye Izibuyekezo kuNgxenye B ye-CY 2017. Amasevisi Ewebhusayithi Yokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2016/11/15/2016-26668/medicare-program-revisions-to-payment-policies-under-the-physician-fee-schedule-and-other-revisions.
> Sibutsetelo ngokunikezwa kwempahla kanye nezinsizakalo ze-Medicare Covered Covered. Amasevisi we-website ye-Medicare ne-Medicaid Services. https://www.cms.gov/Outreach-and-Education/Medicare-Learning-Network-MLN/MLNMattersArticles/downloads/se0738.pdf.
> Izibalo mayelana nesifo sikashukela. I-American Diabetes Association website. http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/statistics/.