Ukwelashwa Okuvamile Kwama-Viral Okuxhunyaniswe Ngomdlavuza Wesibeletho Nengculazi
I-papillomavirus yomuntu (HPV) isifo esithathelwana kakhulu ngocansi emhlabeni jikelele namuhla. Empeleni yenziwe ngamagciwane angaphezu kuka-150 ahlobene nawo, angu-30 awo ahlotshaniswa nezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza. Kuncike ekucindezelweni kwakho, i-HPV ingabangela izingxabano ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, kufaka phakathi i-anus kanye nezitho zangasese, nakuba abaningi abanegciwane bengayazi.
Okwamanje akakho ukwelashwa kwe-HPV.
Abantu abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-50 abantu abadala abenza ucansi bakholelwa ukuthi banesifo okungenani esisodwa segciwane, kanti abesifazane abangamaphesenti angaba ngu-80 abaye bahlaselwa igciwane ngesikhathi bephendulela ama-50.
Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwiCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, ezingaphezu kuka-30,000 kansala e-United States zibizwa ngqo nge-HPV unyaka ngamunye. Ngenkathi i-HPV ivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne- cancers yomlomo wesibeletho kanye namanqamu ajwayelekile (amaphesenti angu-96 namaphesenti angama-93 amacala, ngokulandelana), uye waxhunyaniswa nomdlavuza we-penile , umdlavuza womphimbo , nomdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Ingozi yalezi zomshukela ihlobene, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukucindezeleka kwe-HPV kanye nemodi yokudluliswa ngokocansi. Ezinye izici eziyingozi, njengokubhema kanye nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (ezibandakanya i-HIV), zingaqhubeka nokwandisa amathuba omuntu wokuthuthukisa umdlavuza.
Uma wena noma othandekayo uthola ukuthi unesifo se-HPV, kungabangela usizi ngisho ne-alamu, kodwa kunezinto ongayenza ukuze unganciphisi nje kuphela ingozi kodwa ugweme ukusabalala kwegciwane. Kukhona ngisho nemigomo engasiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka endaweni yokuqala.
Ukufunda amaqiniso yisinyathelo sokuqala sokunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka noma ukugula.
Izimpawu
Izimpawu ze-HPV , uma zivela, zivame ukuvela ngesimo sokukhula okufana nekholifulawa okuthiwa ama-warts omzimba. I-Warts ingaba yindlala. Zitholakala ngaphakathi noma ezungeze kwesifazane, i-anus, umlomo, nomphimbo, kanye ne-penis nokuphunga. Lezi zikhula zingathatha amasonto noma ngisho neminyaka ukuba ithuthukise ngemuva kokuchayeka kokuqala.
Ukuntuleka kwe-warts akusho ukuthi ucacile nge-HPV, noma kunjalo. Ama-Warts angasetshenziswa ngaphakathi-ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuqaphela-futhi, kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka kube khona ukubonakaliswa ngokomzimba kwesifo nhlobo.
Ngakho-ke, ukubukeka noma ukutholakala kwe-wart (noma ukuntuleka kwayo) akuyona indlela enhle yokuthola ukuthi ngabe usulelekile yini nge-HPV noma cha, futhi okufanayo kuya kumlingani wakho. Izivivinyo zokuhlola kuphela zingakutshela lokho.
Izimbangela
I-HPV ibangelwa ubulili besifazane, isilwane, noma isilwane ngomlomo esivela naye, futhi ngubani othumela, igciwane ngokuxhumana nomzimba wesikhumba.
Uhlobo lwe-HPV yilokho okusho ukuthi ubungozi bokutheleleka okuqhubekayo nomdlavuza. Izinhlanzi zingahlukaniswa ngokubanzi zibe izigaba ezimbili:
- Izifo ezincane ezingabangela ingozi zingabangela izidakamizwa zobulili kodwa zibhekwa ngokuthi "akuyona i-oncogenic" ngoba azihlotshaniswa nokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza wesibeletho noma umdlavuza wesibeletho.
- Izinkinga eziphezulu kakhulu ziyingozi kakhulu, njengoba zingabangela ushintsho lweseli oluhlobene nomdlavuza ( dysplasia ).
Uma i-warts ivela, akusho ukuthi uyothola umdlavuza. Eqinisweni, iningi lezintambo zangasese zobulili zinobungozi futhi azibungozi.
Ukuxilongwa
Elinye lamathuluzi ayisihluthulelo we- HPV ukuxilongwa yi- Pap smear- kokubili amadoda nabesifazane. Izincomo zokuxilonga ziyahlukahluka ngalunye:
- Kulaba besifazane , ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwe-pelvic kanye ne-Pap smear kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokubona ukutheleleka kwe-HPV. Ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV, okuhlola igciwane langempela, kungenziwa futhi.
- Kwabesilisa , ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kanye ne- Pap smear engumfana kungenziwa; lokhu kuvame ukuqhutshwa kumadoda angama-gay noma abesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane abesengozini ephezulu kakhulu yomdlavuza wesibeletho. Ngeshwa, ayikho i-HPV yokuhlolwa evunyelwe amadoda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesibeletho akukhuthazwa kunoma ubani ngaphandle, mhlawumbe, amadoda alala nobulili namadoda (MSM) abamba ubulili obuyitholayo.
Uma i-wart ibonakala ilolisa, udokotela angenza i- biopsy . Lokhu kuhilela ukukhipha izicubu zokuhlaziywa ebhodini. I-biopsy ivame ukwenza njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kokubukwa komlomo wesibeletho, isisu, ne-vulva (usebenzisa i- colposcope ) noma umsele wamanzi (usebenzisa i-ancope).
Ukwelapha
Ukwelashwa kwe-HPV kuzoxhomeka ezimpawu kanye nokuthola okusemtholampilo. Ezimweni eziningi, udokotela uzothatha indlela yokulinda futhi alinde futhi acele ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile okulandelwayo.
Ngenkathi evame ukungaboni kahle futhi engakhululekile, iningi lezimpi zokuhlukumeza ngokobulili azibangeli izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Iningi lingelashwa ekhaya ngezikhwama ze-topical ezinikezwe udokotela. Ezinye izindlela zibandakanya ukukhanda (cryotherapy), ukuvutha (cautery), noma ukukhipha isicwangu ngokuhlinzwa. I-Laser ne-trichloroacetic i-actiac acid iyatholakala.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-virus ezithinta isikhumba, azikho imishanguzo ye-antiviral etholakalayo ukuphatha imilenze yomzimba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukususwa kwe-wart akubhekwa njengokwelapha. Ukususwa kumane kuthatha uphawu, hhayi igciwane. Kwezinye izimo, i-wart ingabuya. Ngakho-ke, umgomo wokwelapha ukuqapha izinkinga ze-HPV ukutheleleka kuhlanganise nokuthuthukiswa kwe-warts, i-dysplasia, nomdlavuza.
Esikhathini esingalindelekile ukuthi umdlavuza utholakala, ungathunyelwa ku-oncologist ukuze uhlele lesi sifo futhi unqume ngesifundo esifanele sokwelashwa.
Ukuvimbela
Ukuvimbela i-HPV kubalulekile ekunciphiseni ingozi yokutheleleka noma ukusabalalisa igciwane.
Imikhuba yocansi evikelekile inganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokudluliselwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugcina inombolo ephansi yabalingani bobulili kanye nokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwamakhondomu (ngisho nangesikhathi socansi lomlomo).
Kukhona nemishanguzo emithathu ehlukene etholakalayo ukuvimbela izinhlobo eziningi zeengozi eziphezulu ze-HPV:
- I-Cervarix , evikela nge-HPV 16 no-18
- I-Gardasil , evikela nge-HPV 6, 11, 16, ne-18
- I-Gardasil 9, evikela i-HPV 6, 11, 13, 31, 33, 45, 52, no-58
I-HPV yokugoma ayincomo kuwo wonke umuntu. Kuvame ukululeka ukuba amantombazane nabafana baqale kusukela eminyakeni yobudala engama-11 (futhi ngisho nabancane njengabayisishiyagalolunye). Kungasetshenziswa njalo kuze kube neminyaka engu-26 kwabesifazane nabangu-21 kumadoda. Abantu abengozi kakhulu, njenge-MSM nabantu abane-HIV, bangagonywa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Izwi elivela
Yize kungokwemvelo ukuzizwa ukhathazekile uma ubhekene nesigqebhezana sokuzala, kubalulekile ukuba ungalokothi wenze izinhloso. Kunalokho, bheka udokotela wakho ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka futhi uyibheke.
Inqubo yokuxilongwa kwe-HPV ihambisana nokushesha futhi ayibuhlungu. Futhi uma uhlola kahle, kungenzeka ukuthi icala lakho alilona lubi kakhulu. Esikhathini esingalindelekile ukuthi singakhona, imithi yokwelashwa ephumelelayo iyatholakala lapho inikeza amazinga aphezulu okuphulukisa uma iqala ekuseni.
Into eyodwa ongayifuni ukuyenza ayizinaki i-wart yomzimba. Njenganoma yiluphi uhlobo lomdlavuza, ukuxilongwa kwansuku zonke kusuke kuhumusha impumelelo enkulu yokwelapha.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. "Zingaki Izifo Zomdlavuza Ezithinta I-HPV Unyaka Wonke?" E-Atlanta, eGeorgia; ibuyekeziwe ngoMashi 3, 2017.
> Meites, E .; I-Kempe, A .; kanye noMarkowitz, L. "Ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lwe-2-Dose Schedule for Human Papillomavirus Vaccination-Izincomo Ezibuyekezwayo zeKomidi Elilulekayo Emisebenzini Yokugoma." I-MMWR i-MMBR i-Mortality Rep. 2016; 65 (49); 1405-8.
> National Cancer Institute. "I-Link Between HPV neCarcer." I-Rockville, e-Maryland; ibuyekeziwe ngomhla ka-16 Disemba, 2016.