I-X-rays engavamile ngezinye izikhathi iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ngezinye izikhathi ayikho
Enye yezinto ezingenakuzikhukhumeza kodwa ezitholakalayo kakhulu ezitholakala ku-X-ray esifubeni into okuthiwa isithunzi emaphashini. Ngenkathi singase sicabange ukuthi kusho okuthile okubalulekile, ukutholakala empeleni akuyona into ehlongozwayo kodwa kunalokho kubheka ukungajwayelekile okungacaci kahle futhi kudinga ukuphenywa okuqhubekayo.
Ngenkathi amaphethini athile ahlukanisa angase asikisele ukuthi yikuphi, ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kuzodingeka ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale ukuxilongwa okuqondile.
Ekugcineni, isithunzi emaphashini singase sibe yinto engathà sina noma engasho lutho nhlobo. Cabanga ukuthi yisinyathelo sokuqala sokuthola ukuxilongwa.
Ukufunda i-X ray noma Scan
Kungaba usizo ukucabanga ngezifundo ze-radiology (okufaka phakathi i-X-ray, i-CT scan, ne-MRI) njengezithombe ezimthunzini ezimnyama, ezimhlophe, nangezimpunga. Izakhiwo ezinamandla noma eziqinile njengethambo, inhliziyo, nemithambo yegazi emikhulu ibonakala imhlophe. Ngokuphambene, izakhiwo ezigcwele umoya ezinjengamapayipi azovela omnyama. Izakhiwo ezidlulayo noma noma yini ephakathi kuzovela ku-shades of gray.
Ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukufundela ama-radiology ngoba izakhiwo zithinta, futhi, ngisho noma ubona ukungavamile, kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi kuyini. Ngenkathi ezinye izinto ezingavamile zingachazwa izakhiwo ezinjenge-mass, nodule, noma i-tumor, ngezinye izikhathi ukubukeka kwabo kungase kungabi kahle kahle. Uma kunjalo, singase sibhekisele kubo njengesiyaluyalu, indawo noma isithunzi.
Izizathu Ezenzekayo Ze-Shadow Ku-Lung
Uma i-radiologist ithatha isithunzi emaphashini, udokotela uzoqala ukuhlola izizathu ezingase zisekelwe kunoma yiziphi izinkomba noma izimpawu okungenzeka kube khona.
Lokhu kungabandakanya umlando womuthi womuntu, umlando womndeni, izivivinyo zamalebhu, nezici ezifana nokubhema noma ukuchayeka emithonjeni yomsebenzi.
Phakathi kwezimbangela ezikhona:
- Izakhiwo ezidlulayo, njengezitho nemisipha yegazi, zingahle zihlanganiswe ngesithombe ngendlela enjengokudala isithunzi.
- Izimbambo eziphukile ngezinye izikhathi zingaphutha nge-mass ray.
- Ama-hernias ama-Hiatal ( ukugcoba kwesisu esiswini lesifuba) angabonakala njengento engavamile engavamile e-X-ray esifubeni.
- I-pneumonia ukutheleleka kwamasaka emoyeni wamaphaphu avame ukubonakala ama-X-rays noma ama-opaque.
- I-Pleural effusion ibukeka buketshezi emgqeni phakathi kwamaphaphu kanye nodonga lwesifuba.
- I-edema ye-pulmonary yisimo esibandakanya ukuqoqwa kwamanzi emaphashini, ngokuvamile ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo.
- I-aortic aneurysm (ukukhuliswa kwe-aorta inhliziyo) kungabangela isithunzi esifubeni X-ray.
- Umdlavuza we-Lung ungavela njengesithunzi ngaphandle kwe-nodule ecacile noma ubuningi.
- Izicubu ze-Benign zingabonakala ngendlela efanayo kwi-X-ray njengesithunzi noma indawo.
- Isifo sesifo sofuba yisifo sokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya emaphashini ngokuvamile angenayo izici ezingabonakali kuma-X-ray ezifweni zakuqala.
- I-Sarcoidosis yisifo esibhubhisayo esithinta izitho eziningi ezenza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-granulomas (izicubu ezigulisiwe).
- I-Pneumothorax , eyaziwa kangcono njengephaphu elahlekile, ingabangela ukungalungi kwi-X-ray endaweni yokuwa.
Ama-X-Rays Awa Mfushane Ekuboneni Ukufiphala Kwama-Lung
Uma sicabanga ngomdlavuza, sivame ukufanekisela isisindo futhi silindele ukubona lokho ku-X ray. Ezimweni eziningi, lokho akukwenzeki nje. Eqinisweni, phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-12 namaphesenti angu-30 abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu bazoba ne-X-ray evamile ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa.
Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngo-2006 lubonise ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-25 e-X-rays esifubeni ezenziwe ngeziguli ezine-cancer yomaphaphu ayengalungile ezinyangeni ezingu-12 ezilandela ukuxilongwa.
Iqiniso liwukuthi i-X-ray ingakwazi ukulahlekelwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu futhi, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ayisetshenzisiwe njengethuluzi lokuhlola.
Izivivinyo Ezenzelwe Uma Kunomdlavuza
Uma kwenzeka kukhona isithunzi kwi-X ray yakho nomdlavuza, udokotela wakho angase acele ibhethri yokuhlola ukuze ahlole kangcono imbangela. Phakathi kokukhethwa kukho:
- I-computed tomography (CT scan) isebenzisa i-X-ray ukwenza izithombe ezinemininingwane yamaphaphu akho njengoba ihlola yonke indawo yesifuba.
- I-imaging resonance magnetic (MRI) isebenzisa amagagasi amakhulu ukudala izithombe. Ihlukanisa izicubu ezithambile kangcono kune-CT scan futhi iyakwazi ukucacisa ukuthi ukulimala kuye kwasakazeka ngaphesheya kwamaphaphu kanye nodonga lwesifuba.
- I-Positron emission tomography (i-PET scan) ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging okubonisa ukusebenza komzimba weselula. Lokho okungasebenzi kahle, njengamaseli omdlavuza, kutholakala kalula ngaleli thuluzi.
- I-bronchoscopy yinkqubo lapho kufakwe khona amaphaphu ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okubukwayo.
- I-biopsy ye-lung iyisususa isampula se-tishu sokuhlola. Kungenziwa njengengxenye yenqubo ye-bronchoscopic, ngokufaka inaliti emgodini wesifuba, noma nge-pulp biopsy evulekile.
Ngalokhu kuhlolwa, kunezimiso ezimbili ezibalulekile ukukhomba. Izivivinyo ezifana ne-x-ray, i-CT, ne-MRI yizivivinyo "zesakhiwo". Bangasitshela ukuthi kukhona okungajwayelekile, kodwa usitshele kancane ukuthi lokho kungavamile. I-PET ihlola, ngokuphambene, izivivinyo "zisebenza". Uma kuhlanganiswe ne-CT akusikho nje ukuthi usitshele ukuthi ngabe i-lesion ikhona kepha uma lesi silo sikhula ngokukhulayo. Lokhu kubaluleke nakakhulu uma umuntu enezibazi emaphashini akhe kusukela ekutheni imishanguzo ye-radiation yangaphambilini, i-case yangaphambilini ye-pneumonia, noma ngisho nokutheleleka kwangaphambili kwesibungqwana ababengazi (njenge-coccidiomycosis nabanye). Umdlavuza omusha ngezinye izikhathi ungabonakala ufana nezicubu ezincane ezivivinyweni zokucabanga ezihlelekile. Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging esebenzayo njengokufana ne-PET, ngokuphambene, kuyobonisa ukuthi umdlavuza ukhula ngokukhulayo (ukhanyisa) kanti indawo yesikhumba esibuhlungu ngeke ivuleke.
Ngisho kokubili ukuhlolwa kwezithombe ezihlelekile nokusebenzayo, i-biopsy ivame ukudingeka ukuqinisekisa noma ukukhipha ukuxilongwa. Ngaphezu kokuhlinzeka ngokuxilongwa okucacile, i-biopsy inganika odokotela ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana kokubili okubonwayo ngaphansi kwe-microscope kanye nezici zamangqamuzana ubukhulu uma kuyisisu.
Izwi elivela
Ngenkathi isithunzi esikhwameni se-X-ray singase sikhathazeke, akufanele ushayele isibhamu futhi uthathe okubi kakhulu. Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zokungavamile futhi, kwezinye izimo, kuphela insali yesifo esedlule esasisombulule noma sagcwalisa izakhiwo ezijwayelekile ezitholakala esifubeni.
Sebenzisa nodokotela wakho ukukhomba imbangela, futhi, noma ngabe kukhona into embi njengomdlavuza, ukubamba kuqala-uma kuphulukiswa kakhulu-kuhlale kuhlanganisa. Ngokuqinisekile, abantu abaningi abazwa igama elithi "isithunzi emaphashini" besaba umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Lokho umphakathi jikelele ongaqapheli, kodwa-ke, ukuthi ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kuyathuthukisa futhi izinga lokusinda liyanda. Ngisho nezifo zomdlavuza zamaphaphu ezisezingeni eliphezulu manje, ezinye zalezi zicubu zingagcinwa isikhathi eside isikhathi eside ngenxa yokwelashwa okunjengezokwelapha ezihlosiwe kanye nezidakamizwa ze-immunotherapy.
> Imithombo:
> Long, B .; Rollins, J .; no-Smith, B. (2016) i -Atlas Merrill ye-Radiographic Positioning and Procedures, Edition ka-13. Maryland Heights, Missouri: Mosby / Elsevier.
> Dlula i-HI. Izimiso Nezenzo Ze-Cancer Lung: I-Official Reference Text ye-IASLC. I-Philadelphia: I-Wolters Kluwer Health / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010. Phrinta.
> Stapley, S .; Cihla, D ;. no-Hamilton, W. "Ama-X-rays angenabuhlungu emathunjini ekunakekelwa okuyinhloko ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu." I-Brit J Gen Practice. 2006; 58 (529); 570-579.