Izimpawu ze-autism zingase ziphuthumise kangakanani?
Ayikho i-diagnosis esemthethweni ebizwa ngokuthi "i-autism ekuphuthumeni." Eqinisweni, i-DSM-5, ehlunga futhi ichaza konke ukukhushulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo, ichaza ngokucacile ukuthi "Ukuqala kwezimpawu kusekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa."
Kodwa kunezihloko eziningi ezikhona lapho mayelana nezingane ezibonakala zibuyiselwa emuva emva kweminyaka yazo yokuqala emva kokukhula ngendlela evamile.
Futhi kunabantu abaningi abonakala behlakulela izimpawu ze-autistic njengabasha noma ngisho nabantu abadala.
Ngakho-ke ingabe i-autism evuselelayo noma ephuthumayo empeleni ikhona? Yini esikwaziyo ngakho kuze kube manje?
Akunabantwana abadala noma abantu abadala abakwazi ukuthuthukisa i-Autism
Okokuqala, ngencazelo, abantwana asebekhulile, intsha, kanye nabantu abadala abakwazi ukuthuthukisa i-autism. Eqinisweni, ukuze ufaneleke ukuthola i- autism ye-spectrum diagnosis , kufanele ube nezimpawu ezivela ebuntwaneni (okungukuthi, ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala). Ngakho-ke, uma wazi umuntu omdala noma omdala oye ngokuzumayo, ngaphandle kwebala elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, othuthukile ukuziphatha noma ukuxhumana nabantu , awuboni umuntu othole i-autism.
Abantu abonakala sengathi baziphatha ngokungazelelwe ngendlela yomuntu "autistic" kungenzeka ukuthi basebenze noma iyiphi enye yezinye izinkinga zezempilo yengqondo, ezinye zazo zivame ukuvela ekudala. Ukuziphatha okufana ne-Autism kungabangela ukuhlukumezeka okubanzi okuvela ku-phobia social kuya kokukhathazeka okwenziwe ngokugcwele kokucindezeleka okucindezelayo okucindezelayo.
Lezi yizifo ezibucayi ezinomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni komuntu ngabanye, ukwenza noma ukugcina abangane, noma ukubamba umsebenzi, futhi kufanele baphathwe. Kodwa akuzona autism.
Izimpawu Zokuqala Zokuqala Kungase Kuqashe Kamuva Ekuphileni
Okulandelayo, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokubonwa kwesikhathi sezimpawu kanye nokuqala kokuqala kwezimpawu.
Ngokusho kwe-DSM-5 criteria yokuxilonga: "Izimpawu kumele zibe khona esikhathini sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa (kodwa kungenzeka zingabonakali ngokugcwele kuze kube yilapho izidingo zomphakathi zidlula ikhono elilinganiselwe, noma zingasongelwa amasu afundiwe ekuphileni kwesikhathi esizayo) ."
Uma kwenzeka i -autism esebenzayo , isibonelo, akuyona into engavamile yengane ( noma ngisho nomuntu omdala ) ukuthola ukuxilongwa okuningi ngemva kokuba izingane eziningi zitholwe ziphethe i- autism- kodwa hhayi ngoba izimpawu zivele ngokuzumayo. Kunalokho, izimpawu zihlakaniphile kangangokuthi nje kuphela isikhathi lapho umthelela wabo ubonakala khona. Izimpawu "ezigqoke" zivame kakhulu emantombazaneni, okungenzeka ukuthi, ngokulandela ukuhola kwabanye noma ukungazibandakanyi kakhulu ukuze kugweme ukubizwa ngokuthi "okuhlukile."
Ukunciphisa Kungaba Yiqiniso noma Kubonakala
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, kube khona impikiswano mayelana nokuthi ukuhlukunyezwa kuyinto yangempela noma ebonakalayo; abanye baye bazibuza ukuthi imibiko yomzali yayigxiliwe yini. Amarekhodi evidiyo, noma kunjalo, ahlangene nezifundo, akwenza kucace ukuthi okungenani ezinye izingane zenza ukuthi zibuye zenzeke nge-autism kanti ezinye zibonisa izimpawu ze-autism ebuntwaneni noma "epulazini" ekuthuthukisweni kwazo.
Ithimba elisha elisha lokuhlola izingane ezincane zezingane ezine-autism ezinyangeni zabo zakuqala kakhulu zithola ukuthi ukulawulwa okucashile kuvamile.
Ngenkathi abazali bengabona izinkinga ezifana nokulahlekelwa kolimi noma ukuxhumana kwamehlo, abacwaningi baqaphele ukulahlekelwa okuncane ezindaweni zokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kanye nokuphendula ezindabeni zomphakathi. Ukuncintisana okunjalo ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngaphambi kweminyaka emithathu: ngokusho kocwaningo uLonnie Zwaigenbaum , " amaphesenti angaphezulu kuka-20 kuya kwangu-30 akhumbula isikhathi lapho izingane zabo zilahlekelwa khona amakhono omphakathi nokuxhumana ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila."
Njengamanje, akekho owazi kahle ukuthi yini imbangela yokuhlukumeza kodwa, ngokusho komcwaningi uPaul Wang, "Siyaqonda manje ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa kuvamile, kuqala ekuseni, futhi kungathinta amakhono amaningi okuthuthukiswa."
Imithombo:
> I-Autism Iyakhuluma. Abacwaningi bathi ukuguqulwa kwe-autism okuvamile, okuguquguqukayo, mhlawumbe yonke indawo. Iwebhu. 2016.
> Barger, BD, Campbell, JM & McDonough, JD Ukuqhathaniswa nokuqala kokulawula ngaphakathi kwe-autism spectrum disorders: ukubuyekezwa kwe-meta-analytical. J Autism Dev Disord (2013) 43: 817. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1621-x DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1621-x
> Dobbs, David. Ukunciphisa ukuphindaphinda ku-autism. Izindaba ze-Spectrum, Agasti, 2017.