Izingane ezine-autism zikhula zibe ngabantu abadala nge-autism
Uma ufuna ukwaziswa ku-intanethi mayelana ne- autism , uzothola inani elimangalisayo lama-athikili mayelana nezithombe zezingane ezincane. Empeleni, izihloko eziningi ezibhalwe nge-autism zilotshwe ngezingane . Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi izimpawu ze-autism zivela kuqala ebuntwaneni bokuqala, noma kunjalo, i-autism akuyona inkinga yezingane. Esikhundleni salokho, kuyinselelo yansuku zonke engenza iminyaka emdala ibe yinkinga noma inselele kakhulu.
Ngakho kungani kubhalwe kancane mayelana ne-autism nokudala? Ngenkathi kungekho impendulo ephelele, nansi ezinye iziqephu ezifundisiwe:
- Ngenxa yokuthi i-autism ibonakala kuqala ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-3, abantu abaningi abathola ukuxilongwa okusha kwe-autism bangaphansi kweminyaka engu-6.
- Iningi labantu abafuna ukufunda ngokuzenzekelayo nge-autism yibazali abakhathazekile-kodwa abanethemba labantwana abakhona noma abangaba yi-autistic .
- Ngesikhathi izingane zabo ze-autistic zikhulile, abazali abaningi baye bafunda inani elikhulu mayelana ne-autism futhi bazizwa njengamanje njengongcweti kunoma ubani ongase abhale ngakho.
- Ngenxa yezinguquko zokuthi i-autism ichazwa kanjani, abadala abaningi esizobheka njengaba-autistic abakaze bathole ukuxilongwa kwe-autism.
- Abantu abadala abasebenza nge-autism bavame ukungathandeki ekufundeni ngemibono engeyona imibono ye-autism.
- Abanye abadala abane-autism banokukhubazeka ngokwengqondo okungenza kube nzima kakhulu ukufunda nge-autism.
Ngakho kungani kubaluleke kangaka ukufunda ngabantu abadala nge-autism? Mane nje, abantu abane-autism, njengabo bonke abanye abantu, bangabantu abadala kakhulu kunabantwana. Njengoba izingane zikhula zibe ngabantu abadala, zingadinga usizo olwengeziwe kunezingcosana ekuhambeni kwezwe eliyinkimbinkimbi, eliyinkimbinkimbi, nelindayo lekhulu lama-21.
Izindaba ezi-10 eziphezulu mayelana nabantu abadala abane-Autism
Yini okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nabantu abadala abane-autism? Nazi amaqiniso angu-10 ukuze uqale.
Izingane Ne-Autism Ziba Abantu Abadala Nge-Autism
Naphezu kwezindaba ongase uzifunde e-intanethi, kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ukuthi ingane ihlolwe ngokunembile nge-autism ukuze ibe umuntu omdala ongasakwazi ukuxilongwa. Yebo, izingane ezine-autism zingakha amakhono kanye nokusebenza okukwenza ukuthi i-autism ingabonakali. Yebo, intsha ene-autism ingafunda amakhono amaningi omphakathi ukuze bakwazi "ukudlula" kwezinye izimo. Kodwa cha, ingane ene-autism ngeke ivele ivele nge-autism yayo ibe ngabantu abadala.
Abantu abadala abane-Autism bahluke kakhulu komunye nomunye
Abanye abadala abane-autism basemisebenzini ephumelelayo emasimini adingekayo njengokwaziswa kwezobuchwepheshe, ama-robotics, nokukhiqizwa kwegeyimu yevidiyo. Abanye basebenza isikhathi esithile ngesikhathi besebenzisa ngokunenzuzo izinhlelo zosuku nezinsiza. Abanye abakwazi ukusebenza endaweni yokusebenzela futhi basebenzisa izinsuku zabo ezindaweni ezivikelekile. Abanye abantu abadala abadala abashadile noma bahlukanisiwe; abanye banabangane bomshado; inamba ephawulekayo ayikwazi ukwakha ubudlelwane obuhle, ubudlelwane obuseduze nabangane. Lezi zingxabano ezinkulu zenza kube nzima ukuchaza noma ukuhlinzeka ngemisebenzi yabantu abadala nge-autism njengabantwana ku-spectrum.
3. Abanye Abadala Abazimele baphumelela kakhulu
Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu, kunabantu abadala abambalwa abane-autism abayitholile ngokwemvelo kubantu abaphumelele kakhulu. Abanye bajabule futhi bashadile, futhi abaningi baqashwe ngokugcwele. Abambalwa abaye baba yizibonelo kubantu abadala abasezingeni eliphezulu abahlala bethemba ukuphila okugcwele nokuzimela. Kunezibonelo ezimbalwa ezinjalo ezibandakanya:
- Umkhulu weThempeli , isazi sezilwane, umlobi, nesiphakamiso somphakathi
- UStephen Shore, umbhali, umculi, uprofesa, isikhulumi somphakathi
- UJohn Elder Robison, umbhali, nesiphakamiso somphakathi
- UDani Ackroyd, umlingisi, umculi, ubuntu bomsakazo
- Daryl Hannah, umlingisi
Bonke abantu abangaphezulu ngenhla, kanye nabanye abaningi, bayabameli be-autism abakhuthele. Abaningi bakhuluma esidlangalaleni ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo futhi banikeze izinsiza kanye nokuqonda kokubili kubantu abadala be-autistic kanye namalungu omndeni wabo.
4. Abanye Abadala Abazimele Bazinselelo Ezinzima
Ngenkathi abanye abadala be-autistic abaphumelelayo bephumelela kakhulu, kuningi kakhulu abaphikisana kakhulu. Ngokumangazayo, i- autism "eqinile" akusiyo njalo isithiyo esikhulu emsebenzini noma ngisho nenjabulo yomuntu siqu. Ukusebenza kwabantu abaphakeme ngezinye izikhathi kunesidingo esikhulu ngoba bangase bahlukane "nokudlula" okwejwayelekile ngenkathi bezama ukubhekana nokukhathazeka okukhulu, ukungasebenzi kahle, kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezenhlalo / zokuxhumana.
Phakathi kuka-25% namaphesenti angama-30 abantu abadala abadala abangekho amazwi , okusho ukuthi abakwazi ukusebenzisa ulimi olukhulunywe ukuxhumana. Kuncike ekufundeni okufundwayo, endaweni ethile phakathi kuka-10 amaphesenti angu-50 abantu abane-autism banonya kwabanye. Ngokwemvelo, abantu abadala abanobudlova abane-autism abakwazi ukuphatha ngempumelelo izimo eziphilayo noma imisebenzi.
5. Abaningi Abadala Abazimele Bazinamandla Amandla Amandla
Ngokuvamile, abantu abane-autism bathembekile futhi banokwethenjelwa; iningi ligxile emisebenzini yabo futhi ayifuni ukuphazamiseka imisebenzi yomphakathi noma izithakazelo ezingaphandle. Abambalwa banamathalenta ahlukile ezindaweni ezifana nekhomputha yekhompyutha, izibalo, umculo, ukuhlela, ukuhlelwa, kanye nobuciko bokubukwa. Nakuba kungaba nzima kubantu abadala be-autistic ukusetha nokuphatha isikhala sabo namashejuli, abaningi banabasebenzi abavelele. Ezinye izinkampani ziye zaqala ukuqaphela ukubaluleka kokuqasha ngokuzikhandla nokuqasha abantu be-autistic; abambalwa bafaka:
- Freddie Mac
- I-Microsoft
- Ama-Walgreens
- I-SAP
6. Abantu abadala abane-Autism Face Izinkinga ezinkulu zokuzimela
Bonke abaneminyaka engu-2 ubudala baxosha. Bonke abasha "bayeke." Ngenxa yalokho, izingane ze-autistic kanye nentsha ngokuvamile zithola kancane ikhefu: ngemuva kwakho konke, zingabantwana kuphela.
Kodwa uma usukhulile, kulindeleke ukuba ususe izinselelo zakho ezingokomzwelo, uhlale ekhanda lakho, futhi usebenze njengomuntu okhulile.
Ukukhula okuphezulu, okungenani kunamuhla lwanamuhla iMelika, kulindeleke ukuthi kulawulwe ngokuzimela isikhathi nemali, ukuphatha ikhaya labo, ukuthola nokubamba umsebenzi, ukuphatha ukusebenzisana komphakathi emsebenzini nasemphakathini, ukuthola abangane nokuthandana, londoloza imvula usuku, upheke i-omelet, futhi ube khona izingane zabo. Ungasho ukuthi ukuphatha ukuhlaselwa okuqhubekayo komsindo, ulwazi, ukusebenzisana, nokuvuselela okubukwayo okuyingxenye yokuphila namhlanje.
Abantu abane-autism bathola eziningi zalezi zilindelo ezingenakwenzeka. I-Autism ihlanganisa ukulahlekelwa ekukhulumeni nasekukhulumisaneni okungekho emthethweni, ukusebenza okuphezulu , nokuxhumana komphakathi. Iphinde iqukethe ukuxhunywa komzimba noma ukucabangela ukuzwakala, ukukhanya, iphunga, ukuthanda, nokuthinta. Kungenza kube nzima ukuthola nokugcina abangane noma abalingani bomshado. Kungenza kube nzima ukufika umhlaba futhi ugcine umsebenzi odinga izinga eliphakeme lamakhono omphakathi noma wokuhlela. Kungase futhi kusho ukuthi ukuhlala ngokuzimela ngenkathi ulawula zonke izidingo zokuphila kwansuku zonke kuyinto enzima kakhulu.
Ngezansi: Abantu abambalwa kakhulu abane-autism bahlangene, baphile ngokuzimela, futhi basebenze isikhathi esigcwele ekufezeni imisebenzi, ngokuqhathanisa kahle nabantu abadala abakhubazekile. Ngokusho kwe-Autism Society: "NgoJuni 2014, amaphesenti angu-19.3 kuphela abantu abakhubazekile e-US babengabamba iqhaza emisebenzini-ukusebenza noma ukufuna umsebenzi. Kulabo, amaphesenti angu-12,9 ayengasebenzi, okusho amaphesenti angu-16,8 kuphela abantu abakhubazekile wayeqashwe. "
7. Kungaba Kanzima Ukuvula 22 Nge-Autism
Ukwehluleka kokuthola ulwazi kolwazi oluphathelene nokuthi abantu abadala bakulo mdlalo kusho ukuthi abazali abaningi bazitholela ngokuzumayo lapho ingane yabo-manje eseyindoda esemdala-ifinyelela eminyakeni yobudala yemilingo engu-22. Ngenxa yokuzalwa kwayo okungu-22, abantu abane-autism balahlekelwa ngokuzumayo ukufaneleka kwamasevisi ngaphansi koMuntu onokukhubazeka kwezemfundo-futhi angene ezweni eliningi lomsebenzi wemisebenzi yabantu abadala. Nakuba i-IDEA idinga ukuthi izikole zinikeze "imfundo ekhululekile nefanelekile" kubo bonke abantwana, ayikho imfuneko yabantu abadala. Ngenxa yalokho, imali kanye nezinhlelo zabantu abadala kungenzeka noma zingatholakali nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
8. Izinsiza Kubantu Abadala Abaphethe I-Autism Bakhathazeka Ngombuso Nokutholakala
Abantu abadala abane-autism abanelungelo lokungabi nalutho kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi bathole okungenani izinga lokusekela. Uma uhlala kwezinye uthi, uzoba nezinsizakalo zokufinyelela ezinkingeni nezinsizakalo zabantu abadala abane-autism. Uma uhlala kwamanye amazwe, ulahlekelwe yinhlanhla. Isibonelo, Ngokwe-Disability Scoop, e-Arkansas, e-Illinois, e-Mississippi naseTexas inikeza izinhlelo nezinsiza ezincane kakhulu, kuyilapho i-Arizona, iVermont, i-New Hampshire, iMichigan neHawaii inomusa kakhulu.
Yiqiniso, incazelo yakho "yezinsizakalo kanye nokuxhaswa kwezimali" kuzohlukahluka kuye ngezidingo. Isibonelo, uhlu lwe-Disability Scoop lwakhiwe ikakhulukazi nxazonke ezitholakalayo zezimali zeMedicaid. Kodwa i-Medicaid ayinikezeli ukuqeqeshwa okuqeqeshiwe noma ukusekela-amasevisi okuzoba usizo kakhulu kubantu abadala abasebenzayo. Futhi i-Medicaid ingase ibe noma ingabe ingabi umthombo wezimali ngezindlu, izinhlelo zosuku, nezinye izinsiza.
Omunye umthombo omuhle kakhulu, ulwazi olusha olunikezwayo mayelana neminikelo yombuso-nge-state ngama-Easter Seals; Ngenkathi begxila kancane ezintweni ezinganeni, zihlanganisa ulwazi oluningi olubanzi mayelana nezinsiza kanye nezinsizakalo zonyaka wonke.
9. Abantu abadala abane-Autism Are Limited kwizinketho zabo zezindlu
AmaMelika acabanga ukuthi izingane ezikhulile zizoshiya abazali bazo bese zizohlala endlini yazo noma endlini. Yiqiniso, njengoba umnotho nezinye izinto zishintshile, abaningi ngokwengeziwe bahlakulela abantu asebekhulile bahamba nomama nobaba. Akumangalisi ukuthi inqwaba enkulu yabantu abadala ase-autistic baphinde bahlala nabazali babo. Kunezizathu ezinhle kakhulu zalokhu:
- Imali yokuhlala kubantu abadala abakhubazekile kunzima ukufika. Kuyinto encane kakhulu kubantu abadala abakwazi ukukhubazeka ngokwengqondo. Uma i-IQ yakho iphezu kwenani elithile (ngokuvamile 70 noma 75), ucatshangwa ukuba uzimele (ngaphandle uma unesifo esibucayi noma ukukhubazeka okufana nokuphuphutheka).
- Amakhaya weqembu anzima ukungena futhi angase abe nemfanelo empofu. Njengezinhlelo eziningi zabantu abadala, imizi yeqembu ixhomeke ekuxhasweni kwemali kahulumeni kanye nesifundazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzi nabakhamuzi bashintsha njalo.
- Ngisho nabantu abadala abaqhakazile, abanekhono abane-autism cishe bangena ezinkingeni lapho bebhekene nezinselele ezingalindelekile. Ngokuvamile, kunzima kubadala be-autistic ukuthi bahlele phambili (ukuthenga isepha ngaphambi kokuyidinga,) ukuphatha izimo eziphuthumayo (amandla aphuma), futhi ucabange ngezinkinga zamanoveli (i-drain ivalwe). Lezi zinkinga ngokuvamile zenza kube eshibhile, zihlakaniphile, futhi kulula ukuhlala nje nomama nobaba.
Abantu abadala abane-Autism badinga ubuhlobo, ukusekela, namathuba
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iphezulu noma isebenze kakhulu, abantu abadala abane-autism basebenzela kanzima kunabo abalingane abajwayele ukujabulela ukuphila okufezayo. Ukuze baphumelele, banjengoba bonke abanye-badinga ubungane, ukusekelwa, namathuba okusebenza nokudlala esimweni sokubambisana senhlalo. Njengemali ye-ebbs nokugeleza, akunakwenzeka njalo ukuthembela ezinhlelweni ezixhaswe ngemali. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izidingo zabantu abadala abane-autism kumele zihlangane nabantu emindenini yabo, emiphakathini, nasemiphakathini eyandisiwe abafisa kakhulu, bakholelwa amandla abo futhi bahlangabezane nezinselelo zabo nezidingo ezikhethekile.
> Imithombo:
> Autism Society. Amaqiniso nezibalo. Iwebhu. 2017.
> Izimpawu zePhasika. Hlola amaphrofayela we-autism. Iwebhu. 2016.
> Erbentraut, J. Indlela Lezi Izinkampani Eziyinhloko Eziyi-4 Ezibhekana Nayo Izinga Lokungasebenzi Emsebenzini. I-Huffington Post. Iwebhu. Juni 1, 2015.
> Fitzpatrick SE, Srivorakiat L, Wink LK, Pedapati EV, Erickson CA. Ukuhlukunyezwa ku-autism spectrum disorder: izinketho zokusakaza kanye nokwelapha. Izifo Neuropsychiatric and Treatment . 2016; 12: 1525-1538.
> Heasley, S. Amagama asezingeni asetshenziswa ngezinsizakalo ezinhle zokukhubazeka. Isikole sokukhubazeka. Iwebhu. Okthoba 2016.