Amazwi Angadukisa Uma Ifika Ku-Autism
Abantu abane-autism bavame ukuchazwa ngokuthi "ukusebenza okuphezulu" noma "ukusebenza okuphansi." Kodwa azikho ukuxilongwa okunjalo kumbhalo wokuhlola. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwe-autism ephakeme nephansi esebenzayo, ngezikhathi eziningi, isekelwe emibonweni yomuntu wothisha noma uthisha. Eqinisweni, abantu abaningi bavele bathathe isikhathi ukuze kube lula ukuchaza izimpawu zabo ezinganeni nabomakhelwane.
Yini Engalungile Ngokusebenzisa Imigomo Ephezulu Nokusebenza Okuphansi Kwe-Autism?
Amagama aphezulu nokusebenza okuphansi adideka. Ingabe umuntu ophezulu usebenza uma ekhuluma futhi ekhanyayo kodwa enezinselelo ezinzima kangaka ezingakwazi ukuhlala esikoleni noma ukuyeka umsebenzi? Ingabe umuntu ophansi usebenza uma engakwazi ukusebenzisa ulimi olukhulunywayo kodwa ungumculi obukayo ophumelelayo? Amagama angabangela ukuxhumana kabi nokudideka ngoba:
- Ayikho igama elichaza ngokucacile Intelligence, amathalenta akhethekile , izinga lokukhathazeka, noma izinga lezinselele zokuzwa.
- Ayikho inkulumo ekunika ulwazi oluwusizo ngempela ngokuthi umuntu angasebenza ngempumelelo endaweni yomphakathi. Kukhona abantu abane-autism ephansi esebenzayo abangakwazi ukuhlala futhi bajabulele i-movie, isibonelo - futhi kukhona abantu abane-autism ephezulu esebenzayo, abathola izixuku, iphunga, imisindo, nezinye izinselele ezinzima zokungakwazi ukuphatha .
- Ayikho inkulumo ekutshela ukuthi ngabe umuntu kungenzeka enze kahle emsebenzini. Kukhona abantu abane-autism ephansi esebenzayo abaqashiwe futhi bazuzisayo, futhi abantu abambalwa abane-"high functioning" autism abangakwazi ukuthola nokugcina umsebenzi abawuthandayo.
- Mhlawumbe okubaluleke nakakhulu, ukuziphatha okunonya , kuyilapho kungavamile, kwenzeka kubantu bama-autistic kuwo wonke amazinga obunzima. Ngisho nabantu abane-autism esebenzayo kakhulu, abanamakhono alimi oluqinile, bangakwazi "ukucibilika" ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
Ukuchaza i-Autism ngokusekelwe "Okujwayelekile" Okuthandwa NguMandla
Naphezu kwezinkinga ezivela kuma-autism aphakeme futhi aphansi asebenzayo, asebenza ngokuvamile, ngokuvamile ngabantu abangewona i- autistic .
Futhi zisetshenziselwa ukuchaza izinga umuntu othile obala kulo mkhakha (noma obonakala sengathi) ofanayo nabantu abangekho kwi-spectrum. Ngamanye amazwi, abantu abane-autistic ababonakala noma abasondelene "novamile" babhekwa njengokusebenza okuphezulu. Ngakho, isibonelo:
- Abantu abasebenza kakhulu basebenzisa ulimi olukhulunywe ukuxhumana. Abantu abasebenzayo abaphansi bangasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe noma amabhodi wezithombe futhi kungenzeka banomkhawulo noma akukho ulimi olukhulunywa.
- Abantu abasebenza kakhulu bayakwazi ukuphatha okulindelekile kokuhlelwa kwezifundo. Lokhu kuvame ukuba nomphumela wokuba nesiphatha esingcono ngolimi olukhulunywayo nokuqwashisa okukhulu kokulindele kwabanye.
- Abantu abasebenza ngokuvame kakhulu baqaphela kakhulu ukuhlangana komphakathi. Isibonelo, banamathuba okusebenzisa amathuluzi nezitsha ngokujwayelekile, babingelela abanye ngokufanele, njll.
- Abantu abasebenza kakhulu ngokuvamile babheka futhi bezwakala kakhulu behlukile kubangane babo abavamile. Ngamanye amazwi, ukukhubazeka kwabo kubonakala ngokucacile nangokwemvelo kumuntu ongaboni kahle. Abantu abasebenza ngokuphezulu bangase babonakale bejwayelekile (kuze kube yimuphi umcimbi noma ingxoxo eyenza i-autism yabo ibe sobala).
- Abantu abasebenzayo abaphansi banamathuba okuba afakwe emakilasini ajwayelekile noma emisebenzini futhi kungenzeka ukuthi babe "kuzilungiselelo ezihlukene" zezemfundo. Abantu abasebenzayo abaphezulu bangase bahlanganiswe - noma ngaphandle kokusekelwa - eziklasini ezijwayelekile kanye nezinhlelo ezingekho esikoleni.
Zonke lezi zihlukaniso, noma kunjalo, ziyabonakala, futhi azikho ngokuphelele. Kungenxa yokuthi abantu be-autistic baziphatha ngendlela ehlukile ezimweni ezahlukene, futhi wonke umuntu unamakhono amaningi nezinselele.
Yize kulula ukuchaza abantu base-autistic esekelwe ukufana kwabo nabantu abavamile, izincazelo ezinjalo zingadukisa. Kungenxa yokuthi abantu abasebenzayo abaphansi bangaphumelela lapho abantu abaphezulu abasebenza khona, futhi ngokufanayo. Isibonelo, umuntu "ophezulu osebenzayo" ovela "ovamile" (noma ngisho ohlukile) ekilasini ekolishi angathola ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukusebenza emcimbini.
Okwamanje, umuntu "ophansi osebenzayo" ongakwazi ukusebenzisa ulimi olukhulunywe ukuxoxa angaba ngaphezu kokukwazi ukuhoxisa ingxoxo ku-intanethi.
"Izinga" ze-Autism ku-DSM5
Ikhono lokusebenzisa ulimi olukhulunywe akuyona uphawu lokuhlakanipha. Ikhono lokusebenza kahle ekilasini akuyona isiqinisekiso samakhono omphakathi aqinile. Ukuze uzungeze lokhu okuyiqiniso futhi unikeze uhlobo oluthile lokuhlukanisa ekuxilongweni, i-DSM 5 (ibhukwana elisha kakhulu lokuxilonga) manje lihlanganisa amazinga amathathu we-autism asekelwe kumazinga adingekayo wokusekela. Abantu abane-autism yezinga elilodwa badinga ukusekelwa okungenani, kuyilapho abantu abanezinga elilodwa le-autism badinga kakhulu.
Ngenkathi le ndlela yokuxilonga ibonakala ilungile, ayizange ibonakale iyasiza kakhulu. Lokhu kuyingxenye ngoba isidingo sokusekela sihluka ngezizathu eziningi kangaka. Isibonelo, lo muntu ofanayo angadinga ukwesekwa okuncane endlini, ukusekelwa okubalulekile esikoleni, nokusekelwa okuningi enkulumweni, isimo esingasetshenziselwa umphakathi.