Eminye imithi oyithathayo ukuze uthole ezinye izimo zezokwelapha, ezifana nokucindezelwa kwegazi eliphezulu noma ukwelashwa kwama-hormonal - kungathinta amazinga akho e-lipid. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukwandisa amazinga akho e-LDL nama-triglyceride noma wehlisa i-cholesterol yakho ye-HDL. Lokhu kungase kuphazamise uma ungakaze udingeke ukhathazeke nge-cholesterol ephezulu ngaphambili. Ukwengeza, uma okwamanje unemithi yokunciphisa i-cholesterol yakho, ungase ubone ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kungadinga ukulungiswa.
Nakuba lokhu kungewona uhlu olubandakanya, izidakamizwa ezibalwe ngezansi ziyimithi ejwayelekile kakhulu engasetshenziswa ekuthinteni amazinga akho e-lipid. Kumele udalulwe njalo kumhlinzeki wakho wezezempilo ngemithi oyithathayo, ngakho angakwazi ukulawula ukuthi noma imiphi imithi noma imikhiqizo yemvelo ibuthinta impilo yakho kakhulu.
I-Prednisone
I-Prednisone i-glucocorticoid esetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala, ukufudumala, nokuzwelana okuhambisana nezimo eziningi zokuvuvukala. Naphezu kokukhululeka abangakunika lona, bangakwazi ukuphakamisa ama-triglycerides, amazinga e-LDL ama-cholesterol, namazinga we-HDL we-cholesterol. Akuthatha isikhathi eside ukubona ukuphakama okukhulu kwamazinga e-cholesterol: Ucwaningo oluthile lubonisa ukuthi iziguli zinezinga eliphezulu le-cholesterol zingakapheli amasonto amabili okwelashwa.
B Blockers
Abavimbela i-Beta kukhona imithi ejwayelekile ukuba ilaphe ukucindezelwa kwegazi eliphezulu. Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezibalulekile, zinikela ekuphatheni izinhlobo eziningana zesifo senhliziyo, i-beta blockers nazo ziye zaphawula ukunciphisa amazinga e-HDL nokuphakamisa amazinga e-triglyceride.
Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zinguquko ze- lipid zincane kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi akubona bonke abavimba be-beta abanomphumela. Ama-beta-blockers alandelayo ahlonishwe ukushintsha kancane amaphrofayela we-lipid:
- I-Atenolol (i-Tenormin®)
- I-Bisoprolol (i-Zebeta®)
- I-Metoprolol (i-Toprol®, i-Lopressor®)
- I-Nadolol (Corgard ®)
- Ipropanolol (Inderal ®)
Ama-Beta-blockers angasizi nje kuphela ukunciphisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi, nazo zisiza ekwandiseni ukusinda kwabantu abanesifo senhliziyo esisebenzayo (njengokuhluleka kwenhliziyo nesifo senhliziyo esedlule). Ngakho-ke, ngisho noma kukhona ukushintsha okuncane kwe-lipids yakho kubonakala, kubalulekile ukuthi abakhi be-beta abayeki.
I-Amiodarone
I-Amiodarone iyisidakamizwa esetshenziselwa ukuphatha izinhlobonhlobo ze- arrhythmias yenhliziyo futhi ihlotshaniswa nemiphumela emibi ehlukahlukene. Omunye wemiphumela emibi kakhulu ihlobene ne- cholesterol ephezulu . I-Amiodarone ngokuyinhloko iphakamisa amazinga e- LDL we-cholesterol kepha ayibonakali ibe nomphumela kwi-HDL ye-cholesterol noma amazinga we-triglyceride.
I-Estrogen
I-Estrogen yi-hormone yama-sex ewesifazane etholakala ekulawulweni kwe-hormonal female futhi kwezinye izinhlobo ze-hormone therapy esikhundleni. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi i-estrogen ibhekwa ngokuthi "i-cardioprotective," ngaleyo ndlela ikhuthaza inhliziyo enempilo . Lokhu kubangelwa ukukwazi ukuphakamisa amazinga e-HDL. Lokhu kwabangela ukuthi abesifazane abaningi be-post-menopausal bathathe imishanguzo ye-hormone yokwelapha ukusiza inhliziyo yabo. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwamuva luye lwathola ukuthi aluvikeli isifo senhliziyo ngemuva kokumisa esikhathini. Indlela engabangela ngayo ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo ayiziwa.
Ukwengeza, i-estrogens ingase ikhulise amazinga e-triglyceride.
I-Progestin
I-progestin yindlela ye-progesterone, enye i-hormone yesifazane yama-sex, esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa ngomlomo kanye ne-hormone yokwelashwa esikhundleni sokuphela noma ngokuhambisana ne-estrogen. Amazinga aphezulu we-progestin aye ahlotshaniswa namazinga aphansi we-HDL. Ngokuhlanganiswa ne-estrogen, i-progestin ingase ikhansele umphumela ophilile we-estrogen ekukhuliseni amazinga we-HDL.
I-Anabolic Steroids
I-steroids yama-anabolic ihlanganisa u-testosterone, i-hormone yesilisa esetshenziselwa ukuphatha ubusuku obubambezelekile kubafana kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokungasebenzi. Ibuye isetshenziswe ngokungemthetho ukwakha ubukhulu bomzimba.
Lezi zidakamizwa ziphakamisa amazinga e-LDL namazinga aphansi we-HDL. Imiphumela emibi le mithi inezilinganiso ze-cholesterol iyabonakala nakakhulu emilonyeni yomlomo uma kuqhathaniswa nemithi ejova.
I-Cyclosporine
I-Cyclosporine (i-Sandimmune ®, i-Neoral®, i-Gengraf®) iyisidakamizwa esetshenziselwa ukuvimbela amasosha omzimba. Isetshenziswa kakhulu emva kokufakelwa komzimba ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulahlwa. Kodwa-ke, ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo samathambo kanye ne-psoriasis. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi i-cyclosporine iphakamisa ama-LDL ama-cholesterol amazinga.
Ama-protease Inhibitors
Ama-protease inhibitors asetshenziselwa ukwelapha igciwane lesandulela ngculazi lomuntu (i-HIV). Nakuba indlela lezi zidakamizwa eziphakamisa amazinga e-cholesterol aziwa, zibonakala ziphakamisa amazinga e-triglyceride namazinga aphansi e-HDL ama-cholesterol. Ngezinye izikhathi amaFibrate nama-statins asetshenziselwa ukunciphisa i-triglycerides nokwandisa amazinga e-HDL kubantu abathatha le mithi.
I-Diuretics
I-Diuretics isetshenziselwa ukuphatha ukucindezelwa kwegazi eliphezulu nokugcinwa kwamanzi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezidakamizwa ezibangela amazinga e-cholesterol amaningi:
- Thiazide diuretics (kuhlanganise ne-hydrochlorothiazide, i-chlorothiazide, i-metolazone)
- I-Loop diuretics (kubandakanya i-furosemide, torsemide, i-bumetanide)
I-thiazide diuretics ibangela ukwanda kwesikhashana kwamazinga we-cholesterol, inani lama-triglyceride, namazinga e-LDL ama-cholesterol. Amazinga we-HDL we-cholesterol awaphethwe. Lokhu kwanda kungase kube phakathi kwama-milligram angu-5 kuya kwangu-10 ngomshini ngamunye we-deciliter. Njengamanje, i-indapamide yiyona kuphela i-diazitic ye-thiazide engakaze iboniswe ukuthi iyathinta amazinga e-lipid. I-Loop diuretics ihlanganyela iphethini efanayo ne-thiazide diuretics; Kodwa-ke, ezinye zalezi zidakamizwa ziye zabonisa ukwehlisa kancane kwe-cholesterol ye-HDL. Njengoba izidakamizwa zibaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni ukwehliswa kwengcindezi yegazi, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo angase akubeke ekudleni okuphansi kwamafutha ngenkathi ukhona kule mithi.
Uma unamazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol futhi uthatha imithi engase iphakamise amazinga akho e-lipid ngokuqhubekayo, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase afune ukuqapha igazi lakho ngezikhathi ezithile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga akho e-lipid awaphezulu kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, umphumela omubi kwi-lipids ungase ube yesikhashana kuphela. Kodwa-ke, uma beqhubeka bephezulu emva kokuqala ukwelashwa, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo anganquma ukungeza noma ukuguqula ukwelashwa kwakho kwehlisa uketshezi.
Imithombo:
UDipiro JT, u-Talbert RL. I-Pharmacotherapy: Indlela Yokuthola Pathophysiological, 9th 2014.
> I-Third Report ye-National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Iphaneli Yobuchwepheshe Ekutholeni, Ukuhlola Nokuphathwa Kwe-High Blood Cholesterol Ku-Adult (PDF), July 2004, I-National Institutes of Health: I-National Heart, Lung, ne-Blood Institute.
I-Micromedex 2.0. I-Truven Health Analytics, Inc. i-Greenwood Village, i-CO. Http://www.micromedexsolutions.com.