Ukulandelela Izinqubo Zezinto Eziphilayo Ukuze Abavimbe
Amasosha omzimba-noma, ngokuqondile, impendulo engavamile yesistimu yomzimba-isenhliziyweni yezimpawu zokuphefumula ezihlobene ne- asthma . Lapho evezwe ezinhlobonhlobo ezithile, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisongela futhi sikhiphe amakhemikhali egazini elenza amaphaphu asebenze ngendlela engavamile.
Ukuhlasela kwe-asthma kubonakala ngezici ezintathu ezihlukile:
- Ukuqiniswa kwemisipha emaqenjini emoyeni, eyaziwa ngokuthi i- bronchoconstriction , ngomoya ophansi ongakwazi ukungena emaphashini
- Ukukhiqizwa kwe-mucus ngokweqile okugqoka amavesi emoyeni
- Ukuvuvukala kwamaphezu emoyeni ngenxa yempendulo engavamile yamasosha omzimba
Lezi zenzo zomzimba ziholela ekuguleni , ukukhwehlela , ukuqina kwesifuba nokuphefumula okuhlangenwe nakho ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yisifuba.
Izimbangela ze-Bronchoconstriction
Usayizi ojwayelekile wezingxenye zomoya zilawulwa isimiso sezinzwa ezizimele . Lona igatsha lesistimu yezinzwa ezibhekene nezingqondo.
Ukuvuselelwa kokuphela kwezinzwa (ngothuli, umoya obandayo, noma ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yi-asthma) kungabangela ukukhululwa kwekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-acetylcholine. Kubantu abane-asthma, i-acetylcholine ingasebenza emaqenjini alandelayo emisipha ebushelelezi yamaphaphu, okubangela ukuphazamiseka kwe- bronchial kanye ne-overproduction ye-mucus.
Izimbangela Zokuvuvukala
Ukuvuvukala kubangelwa inqubo ehlukile.
Kubantu abasebenza ngokujwayelekile amasosha omzimba, ukubukeka kwanoma yiliphi uhlayiya lwangaphandle lizohlangana neseli le-antigen (APC). Leli cell esetshenziswa umzimba ukuze "lihlole" inhlayiyana bese unquma ukuthi liphephile noma cha.
Kubantu abanesifo se-asthma, i-APC izokwenza ngokungaqondi ukuthi i-particle iyisongo futhi ngokushesha iguqule ibe iseli elivikelayo elibizwa ngokuthi i-TH2.
Indima ye-TH2 ukukhombisa ukuthi amasosha omzimba azivikele wona, okwenzayo ngokuvuvukala.
Umphumela we-lung ukuvuvukala ngokungabikho kwezifo kungaba yinkimbinkimbi, okuholela eku:
- Ukwandiswa kwamaseli e-mucosal kanye nokweqiwa kwe-mucus
- Ukuqina kwezindonga zomoya kanye nomkhawulo wokugeleza komoya
- Ukusetshenziswa kwe-tissue ye-air-hyperreactivity, okuqhubekayo kudala izikhala
Uma kushiywe kungalashwa, ukuhlaselwa okuqhubekayo kungaholela ekuvuselelweni kwemimoya lapho ukuqhuma okuqhubekayo kwamathishu emaphaphu kushiya umonakalo ongenamkhawulo, ongaphenduki.
Ukuvimbela ukuhlasela kwe-Asthma
Ngenkathi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwe-asthma ukugwema izifo ezivela ku-asthma, lokhu akunakwenzeka njalo noma kunengqondo. Ngakho-ke, imithi ijwayele ukuphatha izimpawu noma ukugwema ukuhlaselwa.
Phakathi kokukhethwa kwamanje okwamanje:
- Imithi yokukhulula inikeza ukuphumula okusheshayo kweziphazamisi ezinobuthi kanye nokuvinjelwa kokuphefumula ngokuphumula imisipha ebushelelezi yomoya.
- I- steroids engabhalisiwe neyomlomo ivimbela izimpawu ngokunciphisa ukuphendula komzimba nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala.
- Ama-bronchodilator asebenza isikhathi eside asetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izidakamizwa ukuhlinzeka ukulawula okungcono kwe-asthma.
- I-Anticholinergics imithi ehlinzeka ngokukhululeka ngokuvimbela i-acetylcholine receptors.
Ukubona kokubili izimbangela zokuhlaselwa kanye nemithi ekwazi ukuyiyeka kakhulu yizinyathelo zokuqala zokuthola ukulawula okuqinile kwezibonakaliso ze-asthma.
> Umthombo:
> Jiang, L .; Diaz, P .; Okuhamba phambili, T. et al. "Ukubonakaliswa kwe-molecular of redox mechanism in asthma ye-allergen." I-Annal Ukuzivocavoca Isifo Somoya Immunol . 2014; 113 (2): 137-42. I-DOI: 10.1016 / j.anai.2014.05.030.