Ukuthola Okubalulekile Kuvula Indlela Yokudlulisa Isikhathi Eside
Ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kuyimbono esuselwa ebufakazini lapho i-HIV ingagcinwa khona ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imithi engapheli. Ngokungafani nomgomo wokugoma , lapho i-HIV izoqedwa ngokuphelele emzimbeni, ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kusebenza kakhulu emigqeni yokukhululwa lapho igciwane lingakwazi ukubangela ukugula ngisho noma ngabe isifo segciwane sisaphila.
Kube nomdlandla omkhulu kanye nokuphikisana okuningi okuzungeze ithemba lomuthi osebenzayo. UFrançoise Barré-Sinoussi , ohlangene ngokuthola i-HIV, wathi ngo-2013 ukuthi ukholelwa ngokugcwele ukuthi ukwelashwa okunjalo kungatholakaliswa "phakathi neminyaka engu-30 ezayo." Ngokuphambene nalokho, uRobert Gallo (ophinde wabizwa ngokuthi uthola i-HIV) ubheka umqondo ophutha futhi ukholelwa ukuthi izingxenye ze-theory "azikwazi ukusebenza."
Yeka indlela ukwelashwa okusebenzayo okusebenza ngayo
Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ezibhekene nabacwaningi kuye kwaba ngamaseli kanye nezicubu zomzimba (ezibizwa ngokuthi izibhamu ezingavamile ) lapho i-HIV ingakwazi ukuphikelela ngisho nokubhekana nokucindezelwa okuphelele kwegciwane. Efihliwe ngaphakathi kwalezi zikhungo zamagesi kukhona i-genetic code ye-HIV, okuyinto amasosha omzimba akakwazi ukuwabona.
Njengoba igciwane lingenzi lutho ngokuphindaphindiwe-kodwa kunalokho liqhutshwa ngokunyathelisa njengoba iseli lendawo liphikisana-ikakhulukazi lingathinti izidakamizwa ezidambisigciwane (njengoba umsebenzi we-antiretrovirals ngokuphazamisa isigaba emjikelezweni wokuphila wegciwane, hhayi umphathi).
Kunezibonelo eziningana ezihlolwe ukubhekana nalokhu:
- Hlanganisa izindawo zokugcina ezigciniwe. Abanye ososayensi baye babonisa ukuthi, ngokuvuselela izinqolobane, i-HIV ingasetshenziswa futhi ikhishwe ezindaweni zayo ezifihliwe. Ukwenza kanjalo kuvumela ama-ART namanye ama-agent ahlukumezayo ukuba aqede ngokuphelele igciwane elisanda kuhlanjululwa, isu elibizwa ngokuthi "ukubulala ukubulala." Izidakamizwa eziningana zinekhono lokususa lezi ziqhingi ezibalulekile kodwa kuze kube yimanje, nje kuphela. Izinhlanganisela ezidakamizwa ezintsha zithemba ukuthuthukisa kule miphumela.
- Ukugqugquzela umzimba ukuthi ukhiphe izifo zokulwa ezibulala "killer". Kunezinhlobo zamaprotheni omzimba omzimba, okuthiwa ama-antibodies, akhiqizwa ngumzimba ekuphenduleni ukutheleleka. Ezinye zazo zinamandla okunciphisa i-HIV. Inkinga ukuthi i-HIV iyashintsha ngokushesha kangangokuthi akukaze kube nokuhlukahluka okwanele kwamagciwane okubulala "ukubulala" zonke izinkinga. Eminyakeni yamuva, ososayensi bathole ukuthi abantu abathile, abangavamile babe nama-antibodies ajwayelekile (ne-BnAbs) aphezulu angaphazamisa ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwe-HIV. Ososayensi bahlola izindlela zokugqugquzela lezi zithunywa ezivela ngokwemvelo, isu elingasiza ukugcwalisa isithembiso "sokubulala"
Ubufakazi Ekusekeleni Ukwelashwa Okusebenzayo
Ngenkathi ucwaningo olwenziwe ngomuthi osebenzayo lube setafuleni iminyaka eminingana, izenzakalo ezintathu eziqondile zanikeza ubufakazi obuyisisekelo-bombono.
Omkhulu phakathi kwabo yisiguli esisodwa esicatshangelwa ukuthi "siphulukiswa" se-HIV ngonyaka ka-2009. UThimothy Brown (umguli waseBerlin) wayenomuntu ophila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza ehlala eBerlin, owanikezwa ukuthambisa umnkantsha wamathambo ukuze aphule i-leukemia yakhe. Odokotela bakhetha umnikeli wesisindo se-stem ngamakhophi amabili okuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okuthiwa i-CCR5-delta-32, eyaziwa ukulwa negciwane lesandulela ngculazi kubantu abaningi abangavamile .
Ukuhlola okujwayelekile kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuba ukufakelwa kwembulani ukuthi ama-antibodies e-HIV egazini likaBrown ayehlile emazingeni anjengokuphakamisa ukwedluliswa kwegciwane. Ama-biopsies alandelayo aqinisekisile ubufakazi be-HIV kunoma yisiphi isisindo sikaBrown, esisekela izimangalo ukuthi lo muntu wayephilile ngempela. Ngenkathi ingozi yokufa ibhekwa kakhulu ukuba ihlolwe ukuguqulwa kwamasongo njengendlela yokunciphisa, icala linikeze okungenani ubufakazi bokuthi ukwelashwa kungenzeka, empeleni kungenzeka.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, abanye ososayensi baye baphenya amakhemikhali okuhlola ayenamandla okuhlanza igciwane lesandulela ngculazi emagodini abo okugcina.
Olunye lwezifundo zakuqala, oluqhutshwa eNyuvesi yaseNorth Carolina ngo-2009 lwabonisa ukuthi isigaba sezidakamizwa okuthiwa i- histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors singenza kabusha i-HIV engavamile kumazinga okudakamizwa abhekwe ephephile futhi ebekezeleleka.
Nakuba izifundo ezalandela ziphakamise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-agent eyodwa ye-HDAC kungase kuhlinzeke kuphela ukuvuselelwa okuyingxenye, kunobunye ubufakazi bokuphakamisa ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwe-HDAC noma amakilasi amasha wemithi elwa nomdlavuza (ebizwa ngokuthi i-ingenol compounds) ingase igcwalise ngokuphelele i-HIV engavamile kusuka ekufihliwe kwayo izibhamu.
I-Path Phambili
Njengokwethenjelwa njengoba yonke ucwaningo lungabonakala, baphakamisa imibuzo eminingi njengoba bephendula. Omkhulu phakathi kwabo:
- Ingabe ukuhlanza igciwane lesandulela ngculaza emagodini ayo kuwanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igciwane alisunguli kabusha amakhemikhali (noma amanye) amaseli?
- Ukubaluleka kokunciphisa umzimba ngama-antibodies kubaluleke kangakanani ekuhlinzekeni ukwelashwa okuhlinzekwa ukuthi ukuvuselelwa kwe-antibody eyodwa kwalolu hlobo kuyi-theoretic okungcono kakhulu?
- Ngabe singaqiniseka kanjani ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwamagciwane ngeke kwenzeke njengoba kwenzekile necala lezingane zaseMississippi kanye neminye imizamo ehlulekile?
Ngenkathi sibonakala siyindlela efanele, kubalulekile ukubuka ucwaningo ngokulindela okuhle. Ngisho njengoba ososayensi beqhubeka bevula izimfihlakalo ezizungeze i-HIV, akukho nhlobo yalezi zintuthuko ezibonisa ukuthi imithetho ephathelene nokuvimbela nokwelashwa kwe-HIV ishintshile.
Uma kukhona, kunikezwa ubufakazi bokuthi ukutholakala kokuqala nokungenelela kuyisisekelo sokwelashwa, okubalulekile ukuhlala uqaphile, mhlawumbe, kubaluleke kunanini ngaphambili.
Imithombo:
> Hütter, G .; Manjeak, D .; Mossner, M .; et al. "Ukulawula Kwesikhathi Eside Ne-HIV nge-CCR5 Delta32 / Delta32 Isitembu Sokufakelwa Kwamaselula." I-New England Journal of Medicine. Ngo-February 12, 2009; 360: 692-698.
> Archim, N .; U-Espeseth, A .; UMargolis, D .; et al. "Ukuboniswa kwe-HIV elandelwayo yenziwa yi-Potential HDAC Inhibitor Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid." I-AID Research of Retroviruses Abantu. Februwari 2009; 25 (2): 207-212.
> Sáez-Cirión, A .; Bacchus, C .; I-Hocqueloux, i-L .; et al. "Abaphathi be-Post-Treatment HIV-1 abane-Remote Virological Remission emva kokuphazanyiswa kwe-Antiretroviral Early Early Treatment ANRS VISCONTI." I-PLoS Pathology. Ngo-Mashi 14, 2013; 0 (3): e1003211.
> Jiang, G .; I-Mendes, E .; Kaiser, P .; et al. "Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Synergistic ye-Latent Expression ye-Ingenol-3-Angelate, i-PEP005, ekhonjisiwe i-NF-kB Ukubonakaliswa kokuhlanganiswa ne-JQ1 eyenziwe nge-P-TEFb Ukuqalisa." I-PLoS Pathogens. Julayi 30 2015; I-DOI: 10.1371 / iphephandaba.ppat.1005066.