Isifo esiqhubekayo sokuthuthukiswa Kwangaphandle Kungacacisiwe (i-PDD-NOS)
Ukungaxhunywanga Okuthuthukayo Okungajwayelekile Ngaphandle Kokucacisiwe (i-PDD-NOS), ngezinye izikhathi okuthiwa i-autism ye-atypical, kwaba-isikhathi esifushane-isigaba sokuxilonga ngaphakathi kwe-autism spectrum. I-PDD-NOS "yayisungulwe" ukuhlanganisa izingane eziningi ezazinezinye, kodwa hhayi zonke, izimpawu ze-autism.
I-PDD-NOS ayisisona isigaba sokuxilonga, nakuba kunezinsizwa eziningi nezintsha ezincane ezithola ukuthi zitholwa njengezingane ezisencane.
Umlando Omfushane we-PDD-NOS
I-DSM yincwadi echaza zonke izifo zengqondo nezentuthuko. Kukhona izinguqulo ezingu-5 ze-DSM, futhi ngamunye uhlukile kakhulu kwabanye. Ukukhathazeka kwengqondo nokuthuthukiswa, ngokungafani nokuphazamiseka ngokomzimba, kuvame ukusekelwe ezimisweni zomphakathi; ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ubungqingili bebubhekwa njengengcindezi yengqondo kepha akusekho ohlwini lwe-DSM. Izinkinga ezintsha, njenge-hoarding, zengeziwe.
I-PDD-NOS ku-DSM-IV (Ngemuva kuka-2013)
I-DSM-IV yabhalwa ngo-1994. Kuyo, okokuqala nesikhathi sokugcina, i-autism yahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziyisihlanu zokuxilonga. Phakathi kwazo kwakuyi-disistic disorder, i-Asperger syndrome, ne-PDD-NOS. Esikhathini se-DSM-IV, i- autism spectrum kwakungenye igama lezinkinga zokuthuthukiswa eziqhubekayo (PDDs) , isigaba sokuxilongwa ngezimo ezithile ezifanekisayo . I-autism ye-Atypical yayiyinye igama lenye yezinhlanu ezizimele ezisemthethweni ze-autism-diagnostic: ingozi eqhubekayo yentuthuko engacacisiwe (PDD-NOS) .
Nansi indlela i-PDD-NOS eyahlukana ngayo namanye ama-PDD:
Lesi sigaba kufanele sisetshenziswe uma kunesisindo esibi kakhulu nesisakazekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuxhumana komphakathi ngokuzenzekelayo noma amakhono okuxhumana angamazwi noma okungaqondile, noma lapho ukuziphatha okufakiwe, izithakazelo nemisebenzi zikhona, kodwa izinqubo azitholakali ngentuthuko ethile evamile ukuphazamiseka, isifo schizophrenia, schizotypal ubuntu disorder, noma ukugwema ukukhubazeka ubuntu. Isibonelo, lesi sigaba sihlanganisa "i-autism ye-atypical" - izethulo ezingahlangabezani nemigomo ye-autistic disorder ngenxa yokuqala kwesikhathi sokuqala, isifo se-symptomatology, noma isifo se-symptomatology, noma konke lokhu.
Uma ngabe ingane yakho itholakala ukuthi ine-PDD-NOS (noma "i-autism atypical"), kwakusho ukuthi unezimpawu ezimbalwa kakhulu zokuthola ukuthi unesifo se- autistic noma i- Asperger syndrome , futhi izimpawu ezingalungile zitholwa nge-Rett syndrome noma i-Retreat syndrome Disorder . Kodwa wayethole ukuxilongwa kwezempilo okusemthethweni okwakusho ukuthi unezinkinga eziphuthumayo zokuthuthukiswa.
I-PDD-NOS Namuhla
Ngo-2013, i-DSM-5 yashicilelwe. Abathuthukisi be-DSM-5 benza isinqumo esiqakatheke kakhulu sokuwa phansi zonke izifo eziyisihlanu ze-autism ezivela ku-DSM-IV zibe isigaba esisodwa sokuxilonga: i-autism spectrum disorder. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abanezinye izifo zokuxilonga ezine baphumele ngokuzumayo ukuxilongwa kwabo.
Lokhu kuguquka, kuphakamisa umbuzo: uma ingane yami isifo sokuthi "i-autism ye-atypical" noma i- PDD-NOS, ingabe i-autistic? Impendulo nguyebo ... futhi cha.
YEBO: Ngokusho kwe-DSM-IV, ingane ekhonjiswe nge-PDD-NOS, impela, ikhonjiswe njengento ene-autism spectrum disorder. Futhi, ngokusho kwe-DSM-5, uma ingane yakho itholakala ukuthi inanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-autism ngaphansi kwe-DSM-IV, lokho ukuxilongwa ngeke kukhishwe.
CHA: Uma ingane yakho ithola ukuthi une-PDD-NOS, wayenayo isethi eqondile yezimpawu ezilindeleke kumuntu one-autism.
Ngenxa yalokho, uma ngabe kufanele ahlolwe namuhla, kunethuba lokuthi angeke afake izidingo ezintsha ze-autism.
Ingabe Abantu Abaye baxilongwa Ne-PDD-NOS Benazo Izimpawu Zemvelo ?
Eqinisweni, ukuxilongwa kwe-PDD-NOS akusho ukuthi izimpawu zomntwana zinamandla noma zikhubaza kancane, kuphela ukuthi aziwa ngokuphelele ngaphakathi kwe-criteria yokuhlonza enye ingxabano ehlobene ne-Asperger syndrome noma i-autistic disorder. Ngamanye amazwi, kungenzeka ukuthi ube nokuhlonza i-auty / PDD-NOS ye-atypical futhi ikhubazeke kakhulu .
Ngokuthakazelisayo, izingane eziningi kanye nabantu abadala abathola i-auty / PDD-NOS ukuhlolwa kwezifo benza ngempela izimpawu ezinzima.
Ucwaningo oluqhathaniswa nabantu abane-atypical autism / PDD-NOS ukuxilongwa kubantu ngabanye, okunye okucacile okuyi-autism ukuhlolwa kwezimboni kwavela ngalesi siphetho:
IZIPHUMELA: Ngokwesilinganiso sezinyathelo zokusebenza, izingane ze-PDD-NOS zinezilinganiso eziphakathi kwalabo abane-autism nalabo abanezingane ezine-AS. Ngokuphambene nalokho, iqembu le-PDD-NOS lalingamabonakaliso ambalwa okuzenzekelayo, ikakhulukazi ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe okuziphindaphindiwe, ngaphezu kokubili ama-autism namaqembu e-AS (chi2 = 11.06, p = .004). Izingane ezinama-PDD-NOS zingafakwa kwelinye lamagqatshana amathathu: iqembu elisebenza kahle (24%) elifana ne-AS kodwa linokulibaziseka kwelulwimi noma ukukhubazeka okuncane okungaqondakali; iqoqo elifana ne-autism (24%) kodwa owayeseneminyaka eyishumi nantathu ubudala ukulibaziseka okukhulu noma okuncane kakhulu kokungacabangi kokuqonda noma osemncinyane kakhulu ukuze ahlangabezane nenqubo egcwele yokuxilonga nge-autism; futhi iqembu (52%) lingagcwalisi izimfuno ze-autism ngenxa yokuziphatha okuncane okuphindaphindiwe nokuphindaphindiwe.
Ngenkathi izigaba ze-autism spectrum zinzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa, ngandlela-thile akukhathazeki ukuthi yikuphi ukuxilongwa kwengane yakho eyamukelayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwelashwa okuphakanyiswayo ukuhlukana kwengane yakho kungase kube okufanayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-autism esemthethweni i-diagnostic diagnosis: ukuziphatha okujulile kanye / noma ukwelashwa kwentuthuko, kanye nenkulumo, imithi yomsebenzi kanye nempilo. Njengoba ingane yakho ikhulile kancane, ngokuqinisekile uzocelwa ukuba athole uhlobo oluthile lwezokwelapha ngamakhono omphakathi.
Imithombo:
> Allen DA, Steinberg M, Dunn M, Fein D, Feinstein C, Waterhouse L, Rapin I. "Ukuphazamiseka kwemvelo ngokubhekene nezinye izinkinga zokuthuthukiswa kwentuthuko ebantwaneni abancane: okufanayo noma okuhlukile?" I-Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001 Mar; 10 (1): 67-78.
> I-National Institute of Health Child kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwabantu. I-Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) Eqinisweni Page.
> Walker DR, et al. "Ukucacisa i-PDD-NOS: ukufaniswa kwe-PDD-NOS, i-Asperger syndrome, ne-autism." J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004 Feb; 43 (2): 172-80.