Uhlu lokuhlola lwezempilo lweMadoda

by Mark Stibich, PhD

Yikuphi Ukuhlolwa Kwezempilo Okudinga Amadoda

Izivivinyo zokuhlolwa kwezempilo zenzelwe ukusiza amadoda ukuba abone izifo ngokushesha lapho kuthathwa isenzo ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa isifo.

Lezi zivivinyo zokuhlolwa kwezempilo zikhethwe ngokukhethekile yi-US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) ngoba ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kungaholela ekuvinjeni nasekwelapheni okusindisa izimpilo. Uma ukulondoloza impilo yakho akusizathu esanele sokuthola ukuhlola kwakho okuhleliwe, ucabange ngomndeni wakho noma imali ongayilondoloza uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokubamba okuthile kusenesikhathi ngaphambi kokubiza, izinqubo zobuchwepheshe eziphezulu ziyadingeka.

Uma udinga usizo lokuthola udokotela, cinga Ukwahlukanisa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze uthole eyodwa endaweni yakho (khetha okukhethekile "imithi yokuvimbela," "umkhuba jikelele" noma "umkhuba womndeni").

Mayelana Nezivivinyo Zokuhlolwa Kwezempilo Kwabesilisa

Lolu hlu lwezilingo lwakhiwa ngu-USPSTF. Basebenzisa yonke imininingwane yesayensi etholakalayo ukuze bathole ukuhlolwa okusebenza kahle, banikeze inzuzo enkulu yokuvimbela / yokwelashwa futhi kulula ukuyenza. Hlanganisa ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwempilo ngalezi ziqondiso zokuvimbela izifo nokuphila okunempilo ngenhloso engcono kakhulu.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuthi iziphi izivivinyo zokuhlolwa kwezempilo ezisebenza kuwe nokuthi kufanele uhlolwe nini futhi kangakanani. Qinisekisa ukuzibekela uphumelele. Zinike umvuzo wesivivinyo ngasinye owenzayo, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ugcina amarekhodi amahle emiphumela yokuhlolwa, izinsuku kanye nalapho udinga ukuhlolwa okulandelayo. (Sebenzisa lolu hlu lwesampula lokuhlola ukuhlolwa kwezempilo.)

Ukukhuluphala

Kufanele ubale inkomba yakho yomzimba wakho (BMI).

Mane nje uthathe isisindo sakho (ngamakhilogremu) ehlukaniswe ukuphakama kwakho okukwele (in amasentimitha). Thatha leyo nombolo futhi uyibeke nge-703. (Indlela elula yokuthola i-BMI yakho ukusebenzisa i-BMI yokubala inthanethi.)

Uma i-BMI yakho ingaphezu kuka-25, kungenzeka ukuthi ukhuluphele ngokweqile (ngaphandle uma uphakamisa izisindo eziningi noma wenza umzimba wokuzivoca umzimba).

Uma i-BMI yakho ingaphezu kuka-30, khona-ke uyabhekwa njengomkhulu kakhulu. Ukweqisa ngokweqile noma okweqile kunandisa ingozi yezifo eziningi, kuhlanganise nesifo senhliziyo nesifo sikashukela. Udinga ukugxila ekulahlekelweni kwesisindo. Qala ngalezi zincomo ngenxa yokulahlekelwa isisindo esingenabuhlungu.

Cholesterol High

Ngokusho kwe-USPSTF: "Isikhathi esiphezulu sokuhlolisisa asiqiniseki. Ngokwezinye iziqondiso kanye nombono wochwepheshe, izinketho ezinengqondo zihlanganisa yonke iminyaka emihlanu, izikhathi ezimfushane kubantu abanamazinga e-lipid eduze kwalabo abagunyaza ukwelashwa, kanye nezikhathi eziningana kulabo hhayi engozini eyengeziwe abaye babhekana namazinga ajwayelekile avamile. "

Uma usencane kunama-35 futhi ubhema noma unesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, noma isifo senhliziyo emndenini wakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuqapha i-cholesterol yakho eduze. Ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol sebenzisa iphini elula. Izindawo eziningi zokusebenzela, izindawo zokudlela, izitolo zokudla kanye nezindawo zokudlela ezitolo zihlinzeka ngezikhathi zokuhlola izinsuku ze-cholesterol. Zisebenzise lezo zinsuku, noma nje ucele udokotela wakho ukuba enze ukuhlolwa.

Ukucindezelwa Kwegazi Eliphakeme

Isikhathi esiphezulu sokuhlolwa kwesifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu asiyazi. Imikhombandlela ka-2007 ye-United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) itusa ukuhlolwa minyaka yonke emibili kubantu abane-systolic blood pressure (inombolo ephezulu) engaphansi kwe-120 mHg ne-diastolic yegazi (inombolo engezansi) ngaphansi kwe-80 mmHg nonyaka kubantu abanesifo segazi se-systolic 120 kuya ku-139 mmHg noma i-diastolic yomsindo wegazi kusuka ku-80 ukuya ku-89 mmHg.

Uma uthola ukucindezelwa kwakho ngaphandle kwehhovisi lakho lodokotela (kusho, ngokusebenzisa umshini esitolo sezidakamizwa), futhi ukucindezelwa kwegazi ngu 140/90 noma ngenhla, yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho bese uqala ukwenza izinguquko zokuphila ukuze unciphise ukucindezelwa kwegazi .

I-Colon Cancer

Ngaphandle kokuba unomlando womdlavuza wekoloni emndenini wakho, ungalinda kuze kube ngu-50 ukuqala ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wekoloni. Uma unomlando womdlavuza wekoloni emndenini wakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlela ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wekoloni. Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wekoloni kungabandakanya i-colonoscopy. Akuyona ukuhlolwa okujabulisayo, kodwa kungcono kakhulu kunokuthola i-chemotherapy nezinye izifo zokwelashwa komdlavuza we-colon uma ungayitholi masinyane.

Isifo sikashukela

Uma une-cholesterol ephakeme noma i-high blood pressure, kufanele futhi uhlolwe njalo ngesifo sikashukela. Lokhu kuvivinywa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula.

I-Cancer Cancer

Ngomdlavuza wesikhumba, ungenza okuningi ngokulalela kuphela ama-moles emzimbeni wakho. Ake ubheke ngamunye ngamunye futhi ugcine iso lokuphuma kunoma yiziphi izinguquko ezingavamile (bheka lesi sifo somdlavuza wesikhumba ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi). Thatha izithombe uma ufuna, ngakho uzokwazi ukukhombisa udokotela uma izinto zishintsha. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu zomdlavuza wesikhumba, yenza i-aphoyintimenti ngokushesha.

Uma ngabe usuke ubhekene nokushisa kwelanga ngokweqile, ungase ufune ukukhuluma nodokotela wezinambuzane ukuze ubeke isisekelo, kepha izincomo zamanje aziboni inzuzo evela ekuhlolweni komzimba ogcwele wonyaka wonke kubantu abanobungozi abavamile.

I-prostate Cancer

Iveza ukuthi ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesifo sofuba kuyinkinga. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi wonke amadoda kufanele ahlolwe, amanye akholelwa ukuthi abantu abengozi kuphela kufanele bahlolwe ngenkathi abanye bakholwa ukuthi ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesifo sofuba akusizi nakancane. Yini okufanele uyenze? Kumele ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngalokhu futhi ukhulise umlando wakho womndeni wesifo somdlavuza we-prostate.

Ukucindezeleka

Ukucindezeleka kuvame ukushiywa phansi lapho ukhuluma ngokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwezempilo kwabesifazane. Ukucindezeleka kuyisimo esibucayi sezokwelapha esivame ukwelashwa nge-combination of therapy kanye nemithi.

Isibonakaliso esikhulu sokucindezeleka sizwa phansi futhi / noma unesithakazelo esincane noma injabulo ekwenzeni izinto amasonto amabili ngaphezulu.

Uma le ncazelo ifanelana nawe, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa okuphambili kokuhlolwa kokucindezeleka.

Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi

Lezi zifo zihlanganisa i-gonorrhea, i-syphilis, i-Chlamydia, nabanye (bheka i-HIV ngezansi). Uma usebenza ngokocansi, cabanga ukuthi uhlolwe njalo lezi zivivinyo, ikakhulukazi uma unemihlangano yobulili engavimbelwe.

Lezi zibuko ngokuvamile zibandakanya ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula futhi kungenziwa ngokuyimfihlo. Khumbula, sebenzisa njalo imikhuba yocansi ephephile .

I-HIV

I-HIV namanje isifo esiwumshayabhuqe nesingozi. Ngenhlanhla, imishanguzo entsha isithuthukise kakhulu kokubili ikhwalithi nobuningi bokuphila kubantu abane-HIV.

Kumele ube nokuhlolwa kwe-HIV kanye nezinye izivivinyo zakho zokuhlola okujwayelekile. Ukuhlolelwa i-HIV kufanele kuphindwe njalo ngonyaka uma ngabe kukhona okuhlangenwe nakho okukubeka engozini eyengeziwe, njenge:

ubulili obungavimbelwe nabalingani abaningi
ukusetshenziswa komuthi wokujoza (okwedlule noma okwamanje)
ukushintshaniswa kwezocansi ngemali (wena noma umlingani wakho)
ubulili nomlingani ogciwane lesandulela ngculazi, abesilisa nabesifazane noma abasebenzisa izidakamizwa zokujova
ukwelashwa kwamanje ngesifo esithathelwana ngocansi
ukumpontshelwa igazi phakathi kuka-1978 no-1985

Ukuhlola i-HIV kungenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okulula. Imiphumela iyimfihlo, futhi kukhona izinsiza eziningi kubantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kuhlanganise nemithi emisha kanye nemithi yokwelapha.

I-Aortic Aneurysm yesisu

Amadoda aphakathi kweminyaka engama-65 no-75 abese bebhema ugwayi 100 ngesikhathi sokuphila (qotho lapha) kudingeka ahlolwe isikhathi esisodwa sokuba ne-aortic aneurysm esiswini (ngokuyisisekelo, isitsha segazi esiswini sakho esivuvukala).

Sebenzisa le tafula njengesiqondiso sendlela yokulandelela ukuhlola kwakho kwezempilo, rekhoda imiphumela bese wazi ukuthi yisikhathi sokuhlela uhlangothi olulandelayo lokuhlolwa.

_{Imithombo (s):}

_{Amadoda: Hlalani Nempilo Kunoma Yimuphi Umlando-Uhlu Lokuhlola Lwezempilo.} _{I-AHRQ Publication No. 07-IP006-A, Febhuwari 2007. I-Agency for Researchcare and Quality, eRockville, MD.} _{http://www.ahrq.gov/ppip/healthymen.htm.}