Amaqiniso ayisisekelo ngenye yezingqungquthela ezisezingeni eliphezulu
Izigulane ze-parotid zingenye yezinhlobo ezintathu ezinkulu zezinhlayiya zomzimba emzimbeni, futhi cishe ziyaziwa kakhulu kulabo ababephila ngaphambi kokuba umuthi wokugoma utholakale. Amagundane kwakuyisifo esivamile sokutheleleka ebuntwaneni esibonakala "ngamathumbu ama-chipmunk" wezinhlayiya ze-parotid ezivuvukile. Lezi zinhlayiya zikhona ohlangothini ngalunye obusweni bakho bese ubeka isikhala seseva ukuze usize ekugayeni.
Ake sibuke isifo somzimba kanye nomsebenzi we-gland parotid, kanye nezifo ezivamile ezithinta le gland.
I-Anatomy yeGland Parotid
Unezinhlayiya ezimbili ze-parotid, ngayinye ekhona phambi kwendlebe ebusweni bakho. Ngaphandle kwendwangu ye-parotid, nawe unezinye izinhlayiya ezimbili ezinkulu ezibizwa ngokuthi izingqungquthela ezilinganiselwe nezingaphansi kwe-submandibular. Zonke izigulane ezintathu zinamathebhu abo, okuthiwa i-duct, ethwala amathe emgodini kuya emlonyeni. Umzila ovutha igundane le-parotid ubizwa ngokuthi i-Wharton's conduct.
Umsebenzi weGland Parotid
Umsebenzi we-gothic parotid nezinye izinhlayiya ezimbili ezinkulu zokukhiqiza ukukhiqiza nokufaka isikhala samathe, into esiza ukudiliza ukudla ukuze ilayishwe ngendlela efanele. I-saliva nayo isiza ukuvikela ngokumelene nama-bacteria futhi ivimbele imithwalo.
Izifo zeGland Parotid
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezimo zezokwelapha ezingaba nomthelela egulini lomsindo, kusukela ematheni kuya emathunjini.
Ake sibheke ngayinye yalezi ngokwehlukana.
I-Xerostomia (Umlomo omile)
Uma izinhlayiya zomuntu zingasebenzi kahle futhi zimise noma zikhiqize amathe amancane kakhulu, umuntu uzokwakha umlomo owomile - lokhu kubizwa nge- xerostomia . Kunezimbangela eziningi ezingabangela i-xerostomia kuhlanganise nokwelashwa kwe-radiation, isifo esizimele esibizwa ngokuthi i- Sjogren's syndrome , noma imithi efana ne- antihistamine noma i- chemotherapy .
Umlomo omile ungathinta kakhulu izinga lomuntu lomuntu. Kungathinta ukugwinya, ukudala umuzwa ovuthayo emlonyeni, bese ubeka umuntu emaceleni. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa umthamo wokufakelwa kanye nemithi evuselela ukukhiqizwa kwe-saliva.
I-Sialadenitis (Ukutheleleka Kwama-bacterial of the Gland Plandtid)
I-Sialadenitis yintsholongwane yebhaktheriya engathinta ingqungquthela ye-parotid kanye ne-submandibular gland. Kuvame ukuphakama emva kokukhipha amanzi emgodini (isithintelo esinqunyiwe) kubangela ukutheleleka kwesibili emgodini. Izimpawu zingase zibandakanye isisa esihlathini, umkhuhlane, ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu ngokudla, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukutholakala kwamapulisi kubonakala ekuvuleni komgwaqo emlonyeni. Ngokuvamile kubonakala kubantu abanesifo esingelapheki, noma kumuntu ophelelwa amandla ngamanzi.
Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ama-antibiotic kanye nokucindezela okufudumele kumgogodla. Abanye abahlinzeki batusa ukusikhipha imfucuza ye-parotid, kodwa lokhu kungaba buhlungu. Ukuphumelela kuma-lozenges noma amaconsi okukhwehlela kungakhuthaza ukugeleza kwamathe futhi kusize ukusula ukutheleleka. Uma ukutheleleka kungaphathwa ngokushesha, i-abscess ingafaka, okungadinga amanzi.
Kukhona nesimo esingapheli se-sialadenitis esivame ukuhlobene nesithiyo kunokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya.
I-Sialolithiasis (Ukwakhiwa kweGland Parotid)
Enye ingozi yokugulisa i-parotid gland, i- sialolithiasis , iyisithiyo , ngokuvamile esenzeka lapho itshe (i-calculus) livimbela ithubhu (i-Wharton's conduit) efaka amathe emlonyeni. Ukuqedwa kubangela ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala ohlangothini lobuso beglovu ethintekile. Ukungaphuzi uketshezi okwanele noma ukuthatha imithi eyanciphisa inani lokukhiqizwa ngamathambo kungabangela ukwakheka ngamatshe.
Uma ukuvinjelwa kungenxa yetshe, ukwelashwa kokuqala kungabandakanya ukuphuza okuningi uketshezi, ukugqugquzela ugundane, nokuncelisa ihlamu lemon noma i-vitamin C lozenge ukuze wenze ukukhiqizwa kwe-saliva.
Uma lokhu kungasebenzi, udokotela angasebenzisa ithuluzi ukususa itshe.
Amatshe aseduzane nokuvula (phansi komlomo) ngezinye izikhathi angasuswa emlonyeni. Amatshe agxilile emgwaqeni ayinselele kakhulu ukuphatha, njengoba ukusebenzisa izikhali kule ndawo kungalimaza inzwa. Ukwelapha okufana nelawo amatshe wezinso, njengokuthungathwa komzimba-waveve thotripsy, noma ukubuyiswa kwebhaksikhiki yebhasikidi kungasebenza.
Uma amatshe engapheli futhi enzima, i-parotid gland ingase idinge ukususwa, kodwa lokhu akukwenzi uma kungenzeka.
Ezinye izimbangela ezingavamile ezithintekayo zokuvimbela isifo se-parotid zihlanganisa:
- Amazinyo omuntu acindezela ukuvulwa kwe-duct
- Ukuqhuma kwezinyo ngenxa yengozi
- Amapulaki ama-mucous noma izidumbu zangaphandle ezingena emgodini
- I-neoplasm (isisu) noma i-lymph node evimbayo evimbela ukuhamba
Ukukhathazeka okuvuvukala / okufakelwa yi-Gland Parotid
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezifo zezokwelapha ezingase zenze ukwandiswa kwengubo ye-parotid, noma ukungena ngaphakathi kwegland noma ngokubangela ukuvuvukala egangeni Lokhu kufaka:
- I-Sjogren syndrome
- I-Sarcoidosis
- Utshwala
- Isifo sikashukela
- I-HIV / AIDS
- Ukudakwa kwezidakamizwa (ezinye izidakamizwa zingenza umquba omningi, njenge-iodine)
Ukutheleleka kwe-Mumps (Viral) kanye ne-Parotid Gland
Ukutheleleka kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kunama- mumps , okubangela ukwandisa kokubili izigulane ze-parotid. Ngaphambi kokwethulwa komgogodla ngo-1967, izimpumputhe kwakuyi-infection evamile kakhulu ebuntwaneni, ebonakala "ngamathunga e-chipmunk." Iziqhumane ziqhubeka zenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa i-rarity manje ehlobene nesikhathi esidlule.
Izicubu zeGland Parotid
Ingubo ye-parotid ingakwazi futhi ukuthuthukisa ukukhula noma izixuku, ezibizwa ngokuthi izicubu. Lezi zicubu zivame ukungena esikhundleni kunesihlungu (umdlavuza). Ngokuphambene nalokho, izicubu zezinye izingqungquthela ezinkulu ze-salivary, kanye nezindwangu ezincane ezisezingeni eliphansi, zivame ukulimaza. Izicubu ezimbi kabi ze-parotidi zivame ukuba yi-mucoepidermoid ne-adenocystic carcinomas, noma i-adenocarcinomas.
Okufanele Uyenze Uma Ukhathazekile Ngamahlombe Aphiwe Ngama-Parotid
Uma ubona ukuvuvukala noma isineke phezu kwekhanda lakho le-parotid, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Ukukhathazeka kwakho kungabonakali kuphela ukutheleleka noma itshe okufanele liphathwe, kepha ukugaya kwe-parotidi okuvuvukala kungase kubonise futhi inqubo yesifo esiyisisekelo. Uma ubona udokotela oyinhloko yokunakekela angase akubheke udokotela, indlebe, nomphimbo (ENT) ukuze uhlolwe ngokuqhubekayo.
Ngezansi kuma-Glands we-Parotid
Izithobezi ze-parotid ezihlangothini ngalunye zobuso bakho zenza umsebenzi obalulekile ekudaleni umsila, okusiza ngazo ukugaya, ukugcoba umlomo wakho, nokuvimbela ukubola kwamazinyo. Izifo kanye namatshe kulezi zinhlayiya ze-parotid zingadinga ukwelashwa, futhi ukuvuvukala kwezigulane ze-parotid kunganikeza izinkomba ezibalulekile ngokuqondene nokunye ukukhathazeka ngokwezokwelapha.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Academy ye-Otolaryngology-Inhloko Nokuhlinzwa Kwezinyosi. Ama-Glands aseSalivary. http://www.entnet.org/content/salivary-glands
> Kasper, uDennis L .., u-Anthony S. Fauci, noStephen L .. Hauser. Izimiso zikaHarrison zeMithi yangaphakathi. ENew York: imfundo kaMc Graw Hill, 2015. Print.