I-Immunotherapy yiyona ngqikithi yezokwelapha udokotela wakho ayisebenzisela lokho ongase ubhekisele kukho ngokuthi "ukudubula kwamagciwane." Uma isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela sithinta kakhulu izilonda, njenge- pollen , i- pet dander , nezidakamizwa , ungase uzuze ekuzivikelweni kwe-immunotherapy.
Uma uthola enye yalezi zimbangela, umzimba wakho uveza into ebizwa ngokuthi i- immunoglobulin E, noma i-IgE . I-IgE ibangela amanye amangqamuzana ukuba akhiphe ezinye izinto eziholela ezimpawu ze-asthma njengengxenye ye- pathophysiology ye-asthma .
Ngokwenza umzimba wakho ungacabangi kakhulu kwi- asthma trigger yakho yokugula , ungase ukwazi ukunciphisa ezinye zezimpawu zakho ezingapheli, njenge:
I-Immunotherapy ikubeka emanini amancane okweqanda kwakho okweqile okwedlula isikhathi (mhlawumbe njengephilisi yomlomo noma umjovo) enkampeni ebizwa ngokuthi i- desensitization . Ngaphezu kokuphathwa kwe-asthma, i-immunotherapy ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha izidakamizwa , i- atopic dermatitis , ne- hay fever .
Indlela Immunotherapy isebenza ngayo
Ngandlela-thile, i-immunotherapy ifana nomgomo wokugoma-uthola umjovo owenza uvikeleke ku-asthma. Ngama-immunotherapy, udokotela wakho uyalimaza amancane amancane we-allergen ngaphansi kwesigqila noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa kanye noma kabili ngeviki, kanti inani le-allergen liye landa kancane kancane.
Kancane kancane, umzimba wakho uba mncane kakhulu ekubhekaneni ne-allergen, okungase kubangele ukunciphisa noma ukuxazululwa okuphelele kumpawu ze-asthma ezivame ukwenzeka lapho uthola i-allergen ethile.
Ngamafuphi, ukudubula kwamagciwane kukusiza ukuba ubekezelele izifo ezibangelwa izimpawu zakho ze-asthma. Futhi i-immunotherapy ingakwazi nokuyeka noma yokunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukusabela okwenziwe okwehliswayo okwezinye izimbangela, njenge-pollen, i-dander, nezidakamizwa zothuli.
I-tablet immunotherapy, noma i-SLIT, ikhona ngaphansi kwelimi (ngaphansi kwelimi), ikhona eYurophu naseCanada iminyaka eminingana futhi yatholakala e-United States ngo-2014.
Ukwelashwa kuboniswa kuphela uma uwazi i-reactivity noma uzwela ezakhiweni zokwelapha.
Isibonelo, ukwelashwa okulodwa okubizwa ngokuthi ithebhulethi elincani yesihlanu elinyathelisiwe utshani utshani uThimothewu, i-Orchard, i-Perennial Rye, i-Kentucky Blue Grass, ne-Sweet Vernal. Ezinye zokwelashwa ezilinganiselwe ziqondiswa kuThimothewu utshani no-ragweed. Lezi zindlela zokwelashwa zizosebenza kuphela uma uthola usizo noma uzwela ezakhiweni zokwelapha.
Ubani Abazuzwa Ku-Immunotherapy?
Ngokuvamile, i-immunotherapy isebenza kangcono ezigulini ezine- asthma ezigulayo . Uma kunzima ukulawula izimpawu, imishanguzo ayikusebenzeli kahle, noma udinga imithi eminingi futhi ungenaso ukulawula okukhulu kwe- asthma , ungase ucabange nge-immunotherapy. Ukwengeza, i-immunotherapy ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa iziguli ezingafuni ukuthatha imithi ejwayelekile.
Iziguli ezinobungane obucacile phakathi kokuvezwa kwazo kwi-allergen nokuthuthukiswa kwezimpawu zizozuza kakhulu. I-Immunotherapy ingasetshenziselwa ekwelapheni i-rhinitis ye-allergic noma ukuvimbela ukubola okuvela ezinambuzanwini ezinamafutha.
Ngaphambi kokuqala i-immunotherapy njengokwelapha, kudingeka ucabangele lokhu okulandelayo:
- Ubude benkathi yokungezwani komzimba -Ngabe imfushane kakhulu, i-immunotherapy ingase ingafaneleki. Ngokuvamile, i-immunotherapy ibhekwa iziguli ezinezimpawu zengxenye ebalulekile yonyaka.
- Ezinye izindlela zokugwema -Kukhona yini ezinye izinyathelo (isib. Ukususa isilwane esivela ekamelweni lokulala) okungase kusebenze? I-Immunotherapy ifana nanoma imuphi omunye umuthi-kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Qinisekisa ukuthi wenze konke ongakwenza ukuze ubone futhi ugweme izinkinga zakho ze-asthma ngaphambi kokuya ku-immunotherapy.
- Isikhathi -Immunotherapy yisibopho esiqakathekile sesikhathi futhi kuyokubandakanya ukwenza uhambo oluya njalo kudokotela wakho.
- Izindleko -I -mmunotherapy iyabiza futhi kuyodingeka uhlole ngomshwalense wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlanganisiwe.
Indlela Ephumelelayo Ngayo Ukuzivikela Ngayo?
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezibonakaliso ze-asthma kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kwe-bronchial nge-immunotherapy uma kunezifo ezibangelwa utshani, amakati, izindlu zomfucumfucu wezindlu, kanye ne-ragweed.
Kodwa-ke, iziguli ezimbalwa ze-asthma zinomzimba owodwa kuphela, kanti izimbalwa ezimbalwa ziye zahlola ukusebenza kahle kwe-immunotherapy ngezifo eziningi. Kodwa-ke ama-mixes amaningi we-allergen, yiwo ajwayelekile kakhulu e-immunotherapy asetshenziswa odokotela ngokusebenza.
Akucaci nokuthi i-immunotherapy ingcono kunokwelashwa nge- steroids engatholakali . Kungathatha izinyanga eziyisithupha ukuya unyaka ngaphambi kokubona noma yikuphi ukuphucula izimpawu zakho ze-asthma ngemuva kokuqala i-immunotherapy.
Imiphumela emibi ye-Immunotherapy
Ngenxa yokuthi i-immunotherapy ikubeka ezilwaneni ezibangela ukuba ube nezimpawu ze-asthma, kunethuba lokuthi i-asthma yakho ingase ibe yimbi kakhulu futhi ungase uhlaselwe yisifo se-asthma ngemva kokujola imithi ye-immunotherapy. Udokotela wakho cishe uzodinga ukuba uhlale ehhovisi isikhathi esithile ngemuva komjovo wakho we-immunotherapy ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphefumula kwakho kulungile.
Uma usuvele une-asthma enzima, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlangabezana nesifo esibi kakhulu esibizwa ngokuthi i- anaphylaxis . Uma uzwa umuzwa wokuvala umlomo wakho, ukusibekela esikhunjeni, isicanucanu, noma isizungu, lokhu kungaba izimpawu ze-anaphylaxis. Iningi lalezi zimpawu ezinzima zenzeka zingakapheli imizuzu engu-30 zithola umjovo. Ukwengeza, ungase uthole ukuphendula kwendawo esakhiweni somjovo ongasetshenziswa nge-ice kanye nemithi yokuhlunguphaza ngaphezulu.
Ngokwelashwa kwe-SLIT, uzobe uziphatha ngokwakho ekhaya ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusabela okukhulu kwe-allergenic kungenzeka futhi udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngezokwelapha ekhaya futhi mhlawumbe ubhale i-epinephrine auto injector, uma lokhu kusebenza komphumela kwenzeka. Ukuphendula okuncane kwendawo kungase kwenzeke futhi kufaka ukutshaya noma ukuvutha komlomo noma izindebe lapho umuthi ubeka khona. Izimpawu zesisu, njengesifo sohudo, senzeke futhi. Ukuphendula kwendawo kuvame ukuma emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa noma ngeveki futhi kujwayele ukwehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngidinga isikhathi eside kangakanani uma ngidinga i-immunotherapy?
I-Immunotherapy ivame ukuhlala iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu. Ngesikhathi bobabili izingane kanye nabantu abadala bezuzisa, lokhu ukwelashwa akuvamile ukwenza ezikoleni zasenkulisa izingane ezindala. Esinye isizathu ukuthi enye yemiphumela emibi ingaba nzima kubantwana kule nkathi yobudala ukuze bafunde. Futhi, kudinga ukuba nobuhlobo obucacile phakathi kwe-trigger (ie impova, isilwane sezilwane, noma izidakamizwa) kanye nokuphendula.
Isikhathi esiphelele sokwelapha kwe-SLIT asikwenziwanga, kodwa isifundo esisodwa seziguli esiphathwa nge-SLIT ngenxa yezidakamizwa zothuli zibheke iziguli eziphathwe iminyaka emithathu, emine, nangesihlanu. Ukunciphisa izimpawu kwaqashelwa iminyaka eyisikhombisa, eyisi-8, nesishiyagalolunye, ngokulandelana. Ubufakazi bamanje bubonakala bubonisa ukuthi umphumela wokwelashwa ufana nalokho okwenziwe ngezijovo.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Academy Yokuguqulwa Kwesifo Sokuzivocavoca Ne-Immunology. Amathiphu Okumele Uwakhumbule: Ukuguquka Kwesifo Sokushisa.
> Inhliziyo kaZwelonke, iLung, ne-Blood Institute. Umbiko wePhaneli Wabachwepheshe 3 (EPR3): Izinkombandlela Zokuthola Ukuhlolwa Nokuphathwa Kwe-Asthma.
> Marogna M, Spadolini I, Massolo A, Canonica GW, Passalacqua G. Imiphumela Eqhubekayo Yezingcingo Zengqayizivele Nge-Immunotherapy Ngokusho Kwesikhathi Saso: Isifundo Sonyaka Esiyiminyaka Engu-15. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010; 126 (5): 969.