Ukubheka konke okuvela ku-Acetaminophen kuya ku-Norco
I-arthritis ye-rheumatoid (RA) yisifo esizimele esisodwa lapho isimiso somzimba samasosha omzimba sihlaselana ngamalungu, okwenza ukuvuvukala kwe-synovium-izicubu ezibeka ngaphakathi kwamalungu. Ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala okuba nomphumela kungaba nzima futhi kunciphise. Ngenhlanhla, kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemithi yokwelapha ukuvuvukala okubangelwa i-RA nokukhulula ukukhathazeka okubangela. Nakhu okuningiliziwe kwezigaba eziyisihlanu eziyinhloko zezidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa i-RA nendima ngayinye engayidlala ekuphatheni lesi sifo esihlangene esibuhlungu.
I-Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Izidakamizwa eziphikisana nezidakamizwa , ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-NSAID, yiqembu elikhulu lezidakamizwa ngokuyinhloko elibekiwe ukuze kunciphise ukuvuvukala , ubuhlungu, nomkhuhlane.
Zisebenza ngokuvimbela i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-cyclooxygenase (COX) ekwenzeni i-prostaglandins-amakhemikhali afana ne-hormone abandakanya ukuvuvukala. I-COX-1 ne-COX-2 yizinhlobo ezimbili zama-enzyme. Ama-NSAID wendabuko, njenge- aspirin , naproxen , ne- ibuprofen block kokubili i-COX-1 ne-COX-2. Ama-NSAID amasha, njenge- Celebrex (celecoxib), avimbela kuphela i-COX-2 futhi athuthukiswa ngoba i-COX-1 iyaziwa ukuthi inomphumela omuhle wokuvikela isisu sokugaya.
Nakuba iningi le-NSAIDS lidinga imithi, ezinye zazo ziyatholakala phezu kwekhasi ngamandla anciphise, njenge- Advil (ibuprofen) ne- Aleve (naproxen).
Ama-Analgesics
Ama-analgesics yimithi eyanciphisa ubuhlungu. Ngokuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi imithi yokuhlunguphazwa noma i-painkillers. Leli klasi lezidakamizwa liqukethe ama-analgesics angenayo-narcotic njenge-Tylenol (i- acetaminophen ) kanye nama-narcotics e-opioid njenge- hydrocodone . I-narcotic e-opioid ebizwa nge-Ultram ( tramadol ) kucatshangwa ukuthi inengozi ephansi yokuba umlutha kunezinye izidakamizwa ze-opioid.
I-Acetaminophen itholakale ngaphezu kwe-counter, kanye nemithi kadokotela ehlanganiswe nama-narcotic opioid. U-Vicodin, uLortab, noNorco ngamagama omuthi wemithi equkethe kokubili i-hydrocodone ne-acetaminophen.
Corticosteroids
I-Corticosteroids , ebizwa nangokuthi i-glucocorticoids, yizidakamizwa zokwenza izinto ezilingisa imiphumela ye-cortisol, i-hormone ngokwemvelo eyenziwe yi-grenade e-adrenal ethinta imisebenzi eminingana emzimbeni, kuhlanganise nesistimu yomzimba . I-Cortisol inamandla okulawula ngokushesha ukuvuvukala ngamazinga we-prostaglandins kanye nama- cytokines okuvuvukala.
Ama-corticosteroids afana ne- prednisone anomphumela ofanayo wokuvuvukala. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi naphezu kwezinzuzo zabo, i-corticosteroids inamandla okuba nemiphumela engathandeki njengokwenyuka kwesifiso, inzuzo yesisindo, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kagesi nokucindezelwa kwegazi-ikakhulukazi uma kuthathwa isikhathi eside noma ngaphezulu . Uma udokotela wakho ekubeka e-corticosteroid, kubalulekile ukuthatha njengoba nje kunqunyiwe.
Izidakamizwa eziguqula izifo ezivimbela izifo
Izidakamizwa eziguqula izifo eziphikisana nezifo (DMARDs) ziyimithi yokwenza kancane kancane ezisebenza ngemuva kwesikhashana ukuqhubekela phambili okuqhubekayo kwesifo samathambo nokunciphisa ingozi yokulimala okuhlanganyelwe okuhlala njalo.
I-DMARD ejwayelekile kakhulu ebizwa ngokuthi i- methotrexate (ithengiswa ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo i-Rheumatrex ne-Trexall). Amanye ama-DMARD afaka i- Plaquenil (i-hydroxychloroquine), i-Arava (i-leflunomide), i- Azulfidine (i-sulfasalazine) ne-Otrexup, ifomu elilodwa elingenayo i-methotrexate.
Njengazo zonke izidakamizwa, kubalulekile ukuqaphela imiphumela engase ibe khona. Uma ubona okukhathazayo, buza udokotela wakho. Uzothola nokuhlolwa kwegazi ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uqaphele ama-enzymes akho ebindi lapho uphathwa nge-DMARD.
I-molecule encane DMARD kuhlanganise ne- JAK inhibitors ziphakathi kwezinketho ezintsha. I-Xeljanz (tofacitinib) ingenye yalezi zinto. Isebenza ngokuvimbela indlela ye-JAK ngaphakathi kwamaseli adlala indima ebalulekile ekuvuvukala okuhlobene nesifo samathambo.
Biologics
I-Biologics , emifushane ye-biologic response modifiers, iyindlela entsha kakhulu ye-DMARD. Zithinta izakhi zofuzo ezivela emzimbeni ophilayo ukuze zivusa impendulo ethile. Ngamanye amazwi, i-biologics ihlose iphrotheni ethile noma iseli elihambisana nezimpawu kanye nokulimala okuhlanganyelwe okubangelwa izinhlobo zokuvuvukala kwamathambo. Iziningi zezinto eziphilayo zizijocavoca, kepha ezinye zinikezwa ngaphakathi (ngokusebenzisa inaliti ibe emthonjeni).
Imithombo:
> Umuthi we-Arthritis Namuhla Wezidakamizwa. I-Arthritis Foundation. http://www.arthritis.org/living-with-arthritis/treatments/medication/drug-guide/.
> Firestein, et al. I-Kelley's Bookbook of Rheumatology . Umagazini we-9. Elsevier Inc. 2012.