Ama-microbes akhula kuLabhu
Izifo ezithathelwanayo zivame ukutholakala ukuthi zilandela amasiko ama-sampuli ahlukaniswe nesayithi lokutheleleka. Ngaso sonke isikhathi uzibuze ukuthi odokotela bayazi kanjani ukuthi uyinambuzane? Ngokuvamile akulula ukuthi uyifinyelele. Abasebenzi labasebenzi labashabhu labathakathaka ngokuvamile badinga ukukhulisa isikhukhula kusuka kwesampula, bathi kusuka egazini lakho noma e-sputum. Lesi sampula singabuye sihlolwe ngokuzama ukuyikhula emasikeni amaningi ahlukene ukuze sibone ukuthi ikhula kuphi.
Njengazo zitshalo, ama-microbes anemhlabathi ayithandayo nemibandela futhi. Ngeke zikhule lapho zingakwazi khona ukukhula.
Ngakho-ke, yini ngempela isiko, futhi kusiza kanjani ekutholeni ukutheleleka?
Yisiphi Isiko Esikuyo
Isiko yindlela yokukhuphula i-microbe endaweni yokubhubhisa. Ama-bacterium amaningi, isikhunta, ama-parasites, nama-virus angakhula ebhodini uma kusetshenziswa izimo ezifanele. Izici eziqondile zenkcubeko ekhulayo ingasetshenziselwa ukukhomba i-microbe ethize. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-"agent ekhethiwe" kungasetshenziswa ukucacisa izici ze-microbe. Isibonelo, ukukhula kwe- Staph aureus kusiko eliqukethe i-methicillin (i-ejenti ekhethiwe) kuyoba yinkomba ye-methicillin-resistant Staph aureus ( MRSA ).
Lezi ziko ngokuvamile ziqukethe kumacwecwe noma amashubhu aqukethe ukudla okhethekile okuvumela ukuthi i-pathogen ethile noma iqembu lama-bacteria likhule. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi lebhu isebenza ukukhomba ukuthi iyiphi i-microbe ekhulayo.
Izisebenzi zeLab zingadinga ukukhulisa i-microbe kuma-plates amasiko amaningi (noma ama-tubes) ukukhomba ukuthi yiyiphi i-microbe. Lokhu kungafana ne-puzzle ye-Sherlock Holmes.
Izinhlobo zezifo ezingatholakala
Imikhuba yokuthola izifo isetshenziselwa ukuhlonza amagciwane avela kumasampula ahlukaniswe emcimbini ( izifo ezithinta umchamo ), isitokisi ( izifo zesifo sohudo kanye nezifo ezithwala ukudla), i-genital tract ( STDs ), umphimbo ( strep throat ), nesikhumba ( izifo zesikhumba ).
Amasampuli ahlukaniswe kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengegazi nomgogodla, angabuye akhuliswe; lezi zinhlobo zokutheleleka zivame ukuba zimbi kakhulu futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa esibhedlela.
Uhlobo Lwamasiko Asetshenziswa Ama-Microbe?
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamasiko:
- Isiko esiqinile. Ama-bacteria kanye ne-fungi zingakhula endaweni eqinile eyenziwe ngokuxuba izakhi, usawoti, kanye ne-agar (i-gelling agent engaphandle kwezilwane zasolwandle). Lokhu kuvame ukubeka epulangwe ubukhulu besandla sakho. Eziningi izitsha ezincane ngejelu elibomvu, amanye ama-gel aphuzi noma eminye imibala. I-microbe eyodwa engena endaweni eqinile ingakhula ibe ngamakoloni noma amaqembu ngabanye azinkulungwane zamaseli. Amakholomu akhiwa ama-clones, lapho wonke amaseli afana khona. Lesi sici yilokho okwenza amasiko aqinile awusizo ekuboneni izinhlamvu ezincane. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakholoni ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene ziyoba nezici ezihlukile (isib. Umbala, ubukhulu, isimo nesimo sokukhula kololoni), okusiza ama-microbiologist ukuthi abone i-microbe.
- Isiko samanzi. Isiko samakhemikhali sitshalwe "kumidiya" noma "umhluzi" wezakhi. Ukukhula kwe-microbial kubonakala ukuthi umhluzi usheshe ufuze kanjani. Umhluzi we-cloudier ngokuvamile usho inani elikhulu lemikhakhazane. Amasiko amakhemikhali angase aqukethe izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ezincane ze-microbial, ngakho-ke athambekele ekunciphiseni kakhulu kunezimo eziqinile zokuxilongwa kwebhaktheriya nesifungi kanye ne-mycobacteria. Kodwa-ke, amasiko e-liquid ayasiza kakhulu ukuxilongwa kwezidumbu, ezingafaki amakholomu avamile ngamasiko aqinile.
- Isiko leselula. Amanye ama-microbes, afana ne-Chlamydia noma i-Rickettsia, namagciwane angeke akhuliswe emiphakathini eqinile noma emanzi kodwa angakhula kumaseli abantu noma izilwane. Izimila zamangqamuzana omuntu noma wesilwane zisetshenziselwa "ukuthelela" isiko leseli nge-microbe futhi kubheka umphumela kumaseli. Isibonelo, amagciwane amaningi anomonakalo noma "i-cytopathic" emangqamuzaneni angabonwa yizibalo zemvelo. Njengoba izindlela zamasiko ezeseli zivame ukuba ezikhethekile kakhulu futhi zidinga umsebenzi omningi nezinkathi ezinde zokuxilongwa, noma kunjalo, isiko lensimu ngokuvamile lisetshenziselwa ezinye izindlela zokuxilonga. Kungaba nzima kakhudlwana ukukhulela amanye ama-microbes.
Izithako ezisetshenziswa emazweni
Kuye ngohlobo oluthile lwesiko, izithako ziyohluka. Kunezithako eziningi ezihlukene ezisetshenzisiwe, njengoba lezi zingasetshenziselwa ukuqonda lapho i-microbe ingakwazi khona futhi ayikwazi ukukhula, ngakho-ke iveza ukuthi yiyiphi i-microbe. Ngokuvamile akusikusitsheli okuningi mayelana nomzimba ngokwawo, kodwa kunalokho kusisiza ukuba siqonde igama lezinto eziphilayo. I-microbe ngayinye inambitheka ngokukhethekile emasikweni ama-gel kanye nezithako. Ngokuvamile, amasiko amaningi azodinga inhlanganisela yalokhu okulandelayo:
- Umthombo we-amino-nitrogen (amaprotheni aphethwe)
- Izici zokukhula (i-blood, i-serum noma i-extract yevuvu)
- Umthombo wamandla (ushukela, ama-carbohydrate)
- Amasila okuphuza i-pH (i-phosphate, i-citrate)
- Amaminerali (i-calcium, i-magnesium noma insimbi)
- Ama-selective akhethiwe (ama-antibiotics noma amakhemikhali)
- Izinkomba noma amade (ekunqumeni amazinga e-asidi)
- I-agenta ye-gelling yamasiko aqinile (i-agar)
Umthombo:
Ama-CA, i-Playfair, i-JH, i-Roitt IM, i-Wakelin D, no-Williams, i- R. Medical Microbiology. ILondon: Incwadi Yonyaka YaseMosby