Uma uzwile ngomuntu onomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, uma unesifo se-pelvic, noma uma unePap smear engavamile, kungenzeka uzibuze ukuthi umdlavuza wesibeletho utholakala kanjani. Ake sibheke ukuthi iziphi izimpawu ezingase zisho ukuthi umdlavuza ukhona, izindlela zokuhlola, nokuhlolwa okuqondile njengezinqubo ze-colposcopy ne-biopsy ezisetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa kwalesi sifo.
Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho uvame ukutholakala ngaphambi kokuba kube khona izimpawu ezikhona; Ngamanye amazwi, umuntu ngokuvamile uyaziqhenya. Uma kulandelwa imihlahlandlela yokuhlola yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, lokhu kuvame ukubhekana nalokho, nakuba kunezikhathi lapho isibonakaliso sokuqala sokuthi kukhona okungalungile kungaba izimpawu.
Izimpawu
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, izimpawu zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho azivame ukuvela kuze kube yilapho umdlavuza usuqhubekele phambili. Ngenxa yokuthi abesifazane abaningi ababona izimpawu ezenza bafune ukwelashwa, i-Pap smear evamile ibalulekile ekutholeni ngokushesha. Uma izimpawu zikhona zingabandakanya:
- Ukuphuma kwamagciwane okungavamile - Lokhu kungase kuphume okwedlula noma okulula kunokwejwayelekile, kwenzeka phakathi kwezinkathi noma emva kokulala, noma kwenzeka ngemuva kokuya esikhathini sokuya esikhathini.
- Imvamisa ye-Urinary
- Ubuhlungu be-pelvic, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi socansi
- Ukukhishwa kwamagciwane
I-Pap Smear
I-Pap smear idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhloleni umdlavuza wesibeletho.
Yilapho abesifazane abaningi bethola ukuthi bahlushwa yi-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho noma umdlavuza wesibeletho. I-Pap smear yisilingo esilula esingabonisa ukukhubazeka komlomo wesibeletho eside ngaphambi kokuba baqhubeke nomdlavuza.
Bonke abesifazane kufanele babe ne-Pap smear njalo ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wabo ubaxwayise ukuthi abasadingeki. Lokhu kungabandakanya abesifazane besifazane abesilisa nabesilisa nalabo abaye bahlambalaza.
Qinisekisa ukuthi ugwema amaphutha ajwayelekile we-Pap smear ukuze izivivinyo zakho zinembile ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV
Ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV kungenye ukuhlolwa okubalulekile okungenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo njengePap smear noma kulandela umphumela ongajwayelekile. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, ungacela ukuba uvivinywe i-HPV.
Thatha isikhathi sokufunda nge- papillomavirus yomuntu (HPV). Ngenkathi kunezinhlobo eziyi-100 zegciwane, akuzona zonke lezi ezibangelwa umdlavuza. Amaphesenti angama-70 emdlavuza wesibeletho abangwa yi-HPV 16 ne-HPV 18, kanti amanye amaphesenti angama-20 emdlavuza wesibeletho ahlobene nokutheleleka nge-HPV 31, 33, 34, 45, 52, no-58.
I-Pap Smears engavamile
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto ezingavamile ezingatholakala ku-Pap smear, hhayi konke okusho ukuthi usengozini yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wesibeletho. Uma une-Pap smear engavamile kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ulandele izincomo ezivela kudokotela wakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yi-colposcopy, uhlobo oluthile lwe-biopsy yomlomo wesibeletho, noma i-Pap smear kuphela ephindaphindiwe ngonyaka. Thatha umzuzwana ukuthi ufunde ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezindlela ezingavamile zeP Pap smear kanye nesigamazwi sezokwelapha esetshenziselwa ukuchaza lezi.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Colposcopy
Uma i-Pap smear yakho yembula ukwehluleka komlomo wesibeletho, i- colposcopy ingahle ihlelwe.
I-colposcopy i-e-office yokuhlola evumela udokotela ukuba abuke umlomo wesibeletho eduze kakhulu ne-colposcope. I-colposcope iyithuluzi elikhanyayo eliphakamisa umlomo wesibeletho (njengokufana ne-Pap smear ngaphansi kwe-microscope.) Ihlala ngaphandle, ngaphandle kwebesifazane, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Izithombe ezibonwe ku-colposcope zingase zifakwe kwikhompyutha noma kwithelevishini. Awunesibopho sokubuka, kodwa kungakusiza uqonde ukuhlolwa kangcono.
Ukwelashwa komlomo wesibeletho kanye nokukhishwa kwe-Endocervical
Phakathi ne-colposcopy, udokotela angenza i- biopsy yomlomo wesibeletho kuye ngokuthi yini etholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. I-biopsy yomlomo wesibeletho ihilela ukususa inani elincanyana lezicubu zomlomo wesibeletho okufanele lihlolwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
Ngokuvamile lokhu kungukuthi i-punch biopsy, lapho udokotela esusa khona isampula encane yamathambo ngedivaysi efana ne-punch paper. Kuthatha imizuzwana nje ukuze udokotela athole isampula yesikhumba futhi angakhulumi okwesikhashana nje. Kuye okutholakele ngesikhathi se-colposcopy, izindawo ezimbalwa zomlomo wesibeletho zingase zibe ne-biopsied.
Kanye ne-biopsy yomlomo wesibeletho, i- cervetage endocervical (ECC) nayo ingenziwa. Ngesikhathi se-ECC, udokotela usebenzisa ibhulashi elincane ukususa izicubu emgodini we-endocervical, indawo encane phakathi kwesibeletho nomlomo wesibeletho. I-ECC ingaba buhlungu ngokwemvelo (njengemikhuba emibi yokuya esikhathini), kodwa ubuhlungu buyaphela uma i-ECC isenziwa.
Imiphumela ye-Biopsy ne-ECC ngokuvamile ithatha amasonto angaphansi kwamabili ukubuyela. Udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi uhlele olunye ukuvakasha ukuze ahambisane nemiphumela nawe noma angakubiza ngefoni ukukukwazisa ngemiphumela.
I-Cone Biopsy ne-LEEP
Kunezikhathi lapho i-biopsy enkulu idinga ukwenziwa ukuze ihlolwe umdlavuza wesibeletho noma isuse izicubu ukuze ingabi nomdlavuza. Kulezi zimo, i-conop biopsy ingenziwa. Ngesikhathi se- conop biopsy , isiqephu esisodwa esinqunyiwe se-cone sisuswa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile. I-cone biopsy nayo isetshenziselwa ukususa izicubu ezinqandekile emlonyeni wesibeletho.
Enye indlela yokwenza i-biopsy, i- loop ye-electro yokuhlinzekela ukukhipha inqubo (LEEP) yinkqubo eyenziwe ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo ukuze isuse izicubu emlonyeni wesibeletho. I-LEEP isebenzisa i-wire loop wire loop ukususa isampula yesikhumba. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukuphatha i -dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho esiphezulu kunokuba ihlolwe umdlavuza wesibeletho.
Imiphumela ye-Biopsy yakho ye-Cone noma i-LEEP Procedure
Uma imiphumela ye-biopsy ibuyele, umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ungasuswa noma utholakale. Uma isifo somdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho senziwa, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukucacisa isigaba somdlavuza wesibeletho. Kunezigaba ezinhlanu zomdlavuza wesibeletho somlomo wesibeletho futhi ngamunye umelela ukuthi umkhuhlane usulele kangakanani.
Uma isiteleka somdlavuza wesibeletho sesinqunyiwe, uhlelo lwezokwelapha lungabuye lwasungulwa. Ukwelashwa kungabandakanya ukuhlinzwa okuqhubekayo, ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali , ukwelashwa kwemisebe , noma ukwelapha okusha okutholakala ekuvivinyweni kwemitholampilo .
Imithombo:
Kudela, E., Holubekova, V., Farkasova, A., noJan Danko. Ukunqunywa Kwengozi Ebuhlungu Ye-Neoplasia Ye-Cervical Intraepithelial. Biology ye-Tumor . 2016. 37 (2): 1521-5.
TSikouras, P., Zervoudis, S., Manav, B. et al. Umdlavuza wesibeletho: Ukuhlola, Ukuxilongwa kanye nokuThuthukisa. J BUON . 2016. 21 (2): 320-5.
Zorzi, M., Del Mistro, A., Farruggio, A. et al. Ukusetshenziswa koHlelo oluPhezulu lwe-Papillomavirus ye-High-Risk Human DNA Test njengesivivinyo esiyinhloko kuhlelo lokuhlola uhlelo lomdlavuza wesibeletho. I-BJOG . 2013. 120 (10): 1260-7.