Isifo se-sinus (sinusitis) singathuthuka ngemva kokuvuvukala kwe-sinus ngenxa yokubandayo noma ukungezwani komzimba. I-sinusitis enamandla ihlala izinsuku ezingu-10 kuya kumaviki amane futhi ingaba negciwane noma ibhaktheriya. Uma ukuvuvukala nezimpawu zigcina amasonto angu-12 noma ngaphezulu, kubizwa ngokuthi i-sinusitis engapheli futhi ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuvuvukala okuqhubekayo, ukugula, ukucasula noma ukuvimbela isakhiwo, kodwa kungabangelwa ukutheleleka kwefungal.
Bobabili izingane kanye nabantu abadala bangaba nesifo esibi noma esingapheliyo. Ukufunda kabanzi ngalokho okubangela ukutheleleka kwe-sinus kungakusiza ukuwavimbela-noma okungenani uqaphele ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu uhamba.
Izimbangela ezivamile
I-sinusitis ejwayelekile iqala ngokutheleleka okuphezulu kokuphefumula, njengomkhuhlane, okuholela ekuvukeni nasekuhlanganyeleni emaqenjini nasasus. Amagciwane, kuhlanganise ne-fever fever, angabangela nesifo sokuvuvukala. Uma izinambuzane ezinamaqabunga ezithombeni zivuthayo zivuvukala, okwenza kube nzima ngabo ukuba baqede. I-mucus eyengeziwe noma i-mucus ebanzi ingakwazi ukuvalela izisusa, kubangele ukucindezela nobuhlungu. Ukwehluleka kwezono ukususa kanye nokuntuleka kokungena kwamanzi kudala indawo enhle yokukhula kwamagciwane.
Virus Virus Sinusitis
Esikhathini sinusitis esiyinkimbinkimbi yegciwane, igciwane elibangela ukutheleleka okuphezulu kokuphefumula kuye kwasungula lezi sinus futhi iqhubeka nokukhiqiza i-mucus, ukuvuvukala nokuxubana.
Lolu hlobo lwe-sinus ukutheleleka okunzima (noma olubhebhethekisayo) lungase luhlale isikhathi eside kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-10 ngaphambi kokuba kube ngcono.
I-Acute Bacterial Sinusitis
E-sinusitis e-acute or subacute ye-bacterial, ama-bacteria akhula ezonweni ezikhululekile manje akhiqiza izimpawu eziqhubekayo. Ukutheleleka kungenzeka ukuthi kwaqala ngegciwane, noma ukuxubana kungenzeka ukuthi kwakungenxa yokuhlaselwa kwesifo sofuba noma ezinye izidakamizwa.
Uma izimpawu ziye zaqhubeka ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-10 futhi zingaphuthuki, noma ziba ngcono, ziba zimbi nakakhulu, kungenzeka ukuthi ukutheleleka kwe-bacterial sinus kuye kwaqala.
I-Fungal Sinus Infection
Kungenzeka futhi ukuba izoni zakho zithole igciwane. Uhlobo olulodwa lokutheleleka ibhola elingenalutho lomkhuhlane, ngokuvamile elibangelwa u- Aspergillus. I-fungus ivame ukutholakala emoyeni kodwa ngokuvamile ayihlali ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Ukuba khona kwamangqamuzana avuvukalayo, ama-mucus, nama-debris ezithombeni zakho kuvumela ukuthi i-fungus iqale ukukhula lapho, kodwa ayihlaseli izicubu zakho eziphilayo. Lokhu kuveza izibonakaliso ezijwayelekile zesinusitis zokungqubuzana komzimba, ukuphathwa ikhanda, nokucindezelwa kwesinasi.
Ezinye izinhlobo zefungi zingase zibe khona emoyeni, kepha ngokuvamile azihlasela izicubu eziphilayo. Lapho benza, ukutheleleka kwesifo se-fungal invasive kungenzeka; lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka. Njengoba i-fungus ikhula idala izimpawu ezinzima njengoba kuthinta izakhiwo eziseduze.
Olunye uhlobo lokutheleleka kwe-sinus, isifo se-fungal invunifus sinusitis, livela eSudan, India nasePakistan futhi kuthinta abantu ababonakala benamasosha omzimba avamile.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo ze-fungal sinus ngokuvamile zihlala zingelapheki (ezihlala isikhathi eside kunezinyanga ezintathu).
Kungaba nzima ukuphatha futhi kungadinga ukuhlinzeka ngesinus kanye nemithi yokuzivikela yokuxazulula.
Ukutheleleka kweSinus engapheli
Isimo sosusitis esingapheli singakhula ngemva kokuphefumula okuphezulu okuphefumula. Kodwa-ke, ukuxhumana phakathi kwalezi zifo kanye nesinusitis eqhubekayo akucaci-futhi igciwane kungenzeka ukuthi akubanga ukuthi yini ebangela inkinga engapheli.
Ngokuvamile, ukutheleleka kwesifo esingapheli kungenxa yokuvuvukala okungabangelwa ukugula noma ukucasuka ezintweni ezisezulwini. Noma yikuphi ukungezwani komzimba okubangela ukuvuvukala noma ukuxubana kungabangela isonousitis, kodwa ukucindezeleka ezintweni okwamanje unyaka wonke (izidakamizwa, uthuli lwesilwane, isikhunta, amaphuphu) kungaba yinkinga enkulu.
Ngokuyinhloko, izifo ezibangelwa ukukhunta zihlotshaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kwe-sinusitis engapheli ngoba imilayezo ye- fungal yenza imbumbulu ibe yinkimbinkimbi ngokweqile. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zesikhunta ezibangela lezi zinyango ziyi- Alternaria , i- Cladosporium , i- Aspergillus , i- Penicillium , ne- Fusarium . I-fungus ekhona emoyeni ingabanjwa ngaphakathi kwe-mucus ekhuni futhi iqhubeke nokusetha ukusabela okweqile.
Ukungahleleki kwesakhiwo kungabangela nesono esingapheliyo. I-turbinates ekhulisiwe (i-concha bullosa) , i- septum ehlukanisiwe, i-adenoids ekhulisiwe, ne- polyps yangasese ingavimbela ukuphuma kahle kwe-air and airflow. Ama-polyp nasal yizinqwaba zezicubu ezinobuthi ezikhula phakathi kwezono nezindlela zomzimba. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukuba ne-sinusitis engapheli kuyo futhi kungabangela izicubu ezigulayo noma ukukhula okungavamile njengama-polyp nasal. Lezi zinkinga zingadinga ukulungiswa ngokuhlinzwa.
I-Aspirin-yandisa isifo sokuphefumula (i-AERD) yisifo esihlanganisa isifo esingapheli sinusitis, i-asthma, ne-aspirin yokungezwani komzimba. Abantu abane-AERD bavame ukuba nama-polyp nasal. Bangaba nesifo esibi kakhulu esithinta zonke izoni.
Izingozi zeMpilo
I-rhinitis ye-allergen iyinkinga engozini kokubili i-sinusitis enobuhlungu futhi engapheli. Uma une-allergies yemvelo, kufanele uzame ukugwema ukuvezwa kwakho kumabangela. Kufanele ube ne-allergies yakho ehlolwe ngokugcwele futhi ekhonjisiwe ukuze wazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyigweme. Ungase futhi usebenze ukuze ulondoloze kangcono ukulawulwa kwamagciwane akho ukuze imimoya yakho ingabhubhisi futhi ivulekile.
Uma une-immune system, ungase ube engozini eyengeziwe ye-sinusitis eyingozi noma engapheliyo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi noma ubani one-HIV / AIDS, i- myeloma eminingi , i-blood cancers, noma isifo esingelapheki, noma ngubani ophuzwayo ne-corticosteroids noma i-chemotherapy, isibonelo. Umzimba wakho awunaso nje isikhathi esinzima ukuvimbela izifo ezingaholela ekutheni sinusitis, njengamakhaza ajwayelekile, kodwa alulame isifo sengculazi uma umuntu ethatha izimpande. Amagciwane onke angabangela isususitis ikakhulukazi evamile kulabo abanomzimba omzimba obuthakathaka.
Ezinye izimo ezihlotshaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kwe-sinusitis engapheli zihlanganisa isifo se-reflux se-gastroesophageal (GERD), isifo se-asthma, i -rhinitis engelahleki , i- cystic fibrosis , i-Kartagener's syndrome, nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene ze-autommune.
Izindlela Zengozi Yokuphila
Kunezici ezinobungozi ongathonya ukuze ukwazi ukugwema ukutheleleka okunamandla noma okungapheli kwe-sinus.
Izinhlayiya zemvelo
Ukwehliswa kwe-toxin engokwemvelo kungabangela iqhaza le-sinusitis engapheli. I-formaldehyde ingenye ye-toxin enjalo ungase uvezwe kuyo ngemisebenzi efana nomsebenzi we-laboratory, isisebenzi sokukhiqiza, umenzi wezinkuni, umenzi wefenisha, nomenzi wezokwelapha. Ukungcola komoya, ngokuvamile, kungandisa ingozi.
Ukubhema kanye nomsizi wesibhakela
Mhlawumbe i-toxin evame kakhulu yemvelo ehlobene nesifo esingapheli yi- smoke smoke . Umusi wocingo uhlasela kabi amangqamuzana akhethekile afaka umoya womoya. I-cilia enjengezinwele efaka izinyathelo zomoya kanye nezindwangu ingaba yinkimbinkimbi futhi ayikwazi ukuqothula ama-mucus nezinto eziyingozi. Lokhu kungabangela ukuvuvukala okungapheli.
Kumele uyeke ukubhema uma une-sinusitis engapheli, futhi lokhu kuyonciphisa ingozi yesifo saso. Ukuyeka ukubhema kungadlulisa noma ukuguqula ezinye zalezi zinkinga, nemiphumela ehluke phakathi kwabantu ngabanye futhi kuncike ekutheni uphelele isikhathi eside kangakanani.
Ukuvezwa kokubhema ukubhema ugwayi kungaba yingozi njengalokho, (noma ngaphezulu), kanye nezingane ezihlala emakhaya lapho elinye ilungu lomndeni elibhemayo ngaphakathi kwengozi yokwehliswa indlebe, impumulo nomphimbo .
I-Air Emile
Umoya omile wangaphakathi, okuvela emoyeni noma ukushisa okuphoqelelwe umoya, kungabangela ingozi yesono. Ngokuvamile, ungqimba lwamanqamu emaqenjini angamazinyo abamba izimpumputhe futhi ahlanjululwe yi-cilia enjengezinwele eqondisa izingxenye. Umoya omile ucatshangwa ukuthi unciphisa le nqubo futhi kubangele ukucasuka okukhulu. Ungasebenzisa i-humidifier ukunciphisa le ngozi. Kodwa-ke, kuzodingeka uhlale uhlanzekile njengoba ukukhula kwesikhunta kungabangela ukuba umuntu abe nomzimba.
Ukuvezwa kwezifo zokuphefumula
Ukubamba umkhuhlane ungenye yezingozi ezinkulu zokuthuthukisa ukutheleleka kwe-sinus, ngakho ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwemakhaza kungasiza ukunciphisa ingozi yakho. Qinisekisa ukugeza izandla zakho njalo siphuphu namanzi, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokuba udle.
Imithombo:
> Hamilos DL. I-Rhinosinusitis engapheli (Ngaphandle Kwezinto Eziyisisekelo). Kusesikhathini. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-rhinosinusitis-beyond-the-basics.
> Hamilos DL. Ukubonakaliswa Kwemitholampilo, Ukuguquka Kwamathambo Nokuthola I-Rhinosinusitis Ezingapheliyo. Kusesikhathini. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-pathophysiology-and-diagnosis-of-chronic-rhinosinusitis.
> Reh DD, Higgins TS, Smith TL. Umthelela we-Fog Smoked on Rhinosinusitis Ezingavamile - Ukubukezwa Kwezincwadi. Iforamu Yomhlaba Wonke Yokunciphisa Ukudla Ne-Rhinology . 2012; 2 (5): 362-369. i-doi: 10.1002 / i-alr.21054.
> Sinusitis. I-American Academy ye-Otolaryngology-Inhloko Nokuhlinzwa Kwezinyosi. http://www.entnet.org/content/sinusitis.
> Sinusitis. I-Nemours Foundation. https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sinusitis.html.