Izimpawu ezisemthethweni ze-autism zihlanganisa ukungabi naso kokuxhumana kwamehlo , izinkulumo zenkulumo nokukhulumisana , nokuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe. Ngakho-ke kungani abazali befuna ukwelashwa ukusiza izingane zabo ukuba zilale, ukubhekana nokukhathazeka, ukugaya ukudla, noma ukuphazamiseka kokuqeda? Abaningi, eqinisweni, baningi, abantu abane-autism banezimpawu ezingenandaba nokuxhumana komphakathi. Kuze kube manje, asazi ukuthi i-autism ibangela lezi zimpawu noma ihlotshaniswa nayo kuphela. Kodwa siyazi ukuthi bangempela ngempela.
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I-Autism Nezinkinga EzibucayiIningi labantu abane-autism banenkinga yokuzwa . Bangase baphendule ngaphezu komsindo, ukukhanya, nokuthinta. Noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bangase bafune ukucindezeleka okujulile nokuzwela ngokomzimba. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, i-hyper- or hyposensityity ingenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke kunzima kakhulu. Iyiphi ingane efunda kahle uma igxiliwe ukukhanya okukhulu, izembatho ezizwakalayo nezingenangqondo njalo? Nakuba kunezokwelapha zokwenza ngcono izinkinga zokuzizwa, izixazululo ezinhle kakhulu zihilela ukushintsha imvelo ukuze ihambelane nengane.
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I-Autism nezinkinga zamathumbuIzingane ezine-autism zinamathuba amaningi kunabanye abantwana ukuba babe nezinkinga zesisu nesisu. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ubuhlobo phakathi kwe-autism nezinkinga zomzimba kuyisici esibangela imbangela ye-autism. Abanye bamane bathi abantwana abaningi abane-autism banezinkinga zesisu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunjani, kunengqondo ukuphatha izimpawu ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa nokudla okufanele. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinguquko ekudleni nokudla okunomsoco kungasiza ekuphulukiseni i-autism namanje kungenzeka. Kodwa akekho ingane enesifo sohudo esingelapheki, isisu somzimba nesisulu sokuncelisa isisu sizofunda, siziphathe noma sihlanganyele kahle. Ngokuphatha izinkinga ze-GI, abazali bangasiza izingane zabo ukuba zamukele ngokwengeziwe isikole, ukwelashwa, nokuxhumana komphakathi.
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I-Autism NeziqhwagaEnye yezingane ezine ezine-autism ine-disorder of seizure. Ukuhluleka kungabuka ekuxhumeni okugcwele okubekwe phansi kuze kufinyelele emaceleni noma okufakiwe okufushane. Lezi zimpawu zingenza kube nzima ukubona ukugwinya, okungatholakala futhi ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-electroencephalograms okulinganisa izinguquko ezikhungweni zobuchopho. Ngokungafani nezimpawu eziningi ze-autistic, ukuhlukunyezwa kunesisombululo sezokwelapha. Ama-anticonvulsants ngokuvamile angakwazi ukulawula ukuhlukumeza ngempumelelo. Eminye yemithi ejwayelekile yokudambisa imithi ihlanganisa i-carbamazepine (i-Tegretol®), i-lamotrigine (i-Lamictal®), i-topiramate (i-Topamax®) ne-valproic acid (i-Depakote®). Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-anticonvulsant efanele ikhethiwe ngoba abanye bangaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.
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Izinkinga Zokulala Ne-AutismNakuba kukhona ucwaningo oluthile ngale ndaba, kucacile ukuthi abantu abaningi abane-autism nabo banenkinga yokulala. Abanye banenkinga enzima yokulala; abanye bavuka njalo ebusuku. Yiqiniso, ukungalali kungenza izimpawu ze-autistic zibi nakakhulu: bambalwa abantu abacabangelayo, baziphathe noma bahlanganyele kahle uma bekhathele. Abazali nabo bangakwazi ukucindezeleka lapho belele bengalali. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-melatonin, isongezo esisekelwe ku-hormone, ingasiza abantu abane-autism ukuba balale. Akucaci, Nokho, ukuthi i-melatonin ingenza umehluko omkhulu ekusizeni abantu abane-autism ukuba balale ubusuku.
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Ukukhathazeka, Ukucindezeleka kanye ne-AutismAbantu abaningi abane-autism banenkinga yokuxilongwa ngemithi ngokukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, nentukuthelo. Lezi zinkinga zibonakala zivame kakhulu kubantu abane-autism ephezulu yokusebenza ne-Asperger syndrome. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba abantu abane-autism esebenzayo kanye ne-Asperger syndrome bayazi kakhulu umehluko wabo futhi cishe banomuzwa wokuba baxoshwa yiontanga. Kodwa ochwepheshe abathile bakholelwa ukuthi ukukhathazeka kwemizwelo ehambisana ne-autism kungabangelwa ukungafani ngokomzimba ebuchosheni be-autistic. Ukukhathazeka kwemizwa kungelashwa ngemithi, kwengqondo kwengqondo, nokuphathwa kokuziphatha. Uma lezi zinkinga zibangelwa izinkinga zangaphandle, kunjalo, kwenza umqondo omkhulu ukushintsha imvelo ukuze ihambisane nezidingo zesiguli.
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Ukuhlukana kokufunda ne-AutismIzingane ezine-autism zifunda ngokuhlukile. Abanye baye bathola ukukhubazeka kokufunda njengokudyslexia, kanti abanye banamakhono angavamile afana ne-hyperlexia (ikhono lokufunda esemncane kakhulu). Abanye banenkinga enzima kakhulu ukuthola amakhono ayisisekelo yamathuluzi; ezinye ziyizibalo "ezigciniwe," ezifinyelele ngaphezu kwezinga labo lokufunda.
Ithuluzi elilodwa lokuphatha umehluko wokufunda e-autism yilona hlelo lokufundisa oluzimele (IEP), idokhumenti eyenziwa iqembu elibandakanya abazali, othisha, nabaphathi besikole. Ngokwalokho, i-IEP yenza kube lula ukusekela izingane ze-autistic lapho zinenkinga ngenkathi ziqinisekisa namathuba wokwakha ngamandla. Impumelelo ye-IEP ihlukahluka kuzo zonke izimo.
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Ukugula Kwengqondo Ne-AutismAkuyona into engavamile ukuba umuntu one-autism aphinde ahloliswe ngempilo yengqondo ye-bipolar disorder, ukucindezeleka komtholampilo, ukucindezeleka okucindezelayo-okucindezelayo noma i-schizophrenia. Kungaba nzima ukutshela umehluko phakathi kokukhuthazela (ukuphindaphinda kwemisindo, amagama, izinto noma imibono), okuyinto evame kakhulu ku-autism, nokukhathazeka okucindezelayo, okuyinto yokugula kwengqondo ehlukile. Kungase kube nzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinkinga zemizwelo nokugula kwe-bipolar, i-schizophrenia, ne-autistic behavior. Uma wenza umsoli wokuthi othandekayo nge-autism ubuye ehlushwa ukugula kwengqondo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola isazi esinokuhlangenwe nakho okuqinile nabantu abaku-autism spectrum.
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Ukukhathazeka kokukhathazeka, izimpikiswano zokuziphatha kanye ne-AutismNgokumangazayo, ukunakekelwa kokunaka, ukuziphatha okubi, nobunzima ngokugxila akufakiwe ku-criteria yokuxilonga ye-autism. Lokhu kuyimangalisa ngoba konke kuvame kakhulu. Yilokho kunjalo, izingane eziningi ezine-autism nazo zine-ADD noma i-ADHD. Ngezinye izikhathi, imithi esiza nge-ADHD (njengoRitalin) ingasiza izingane nge-autism ukuthuthukisa ukuziphatha nokugxila. Nokho, njengoba nje njalo, benza umehluko omkhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi kube usizo kunezinguquko emvelweni ukuthi iziphazamiso zesisindo zesifundo kanye nokucasula nokusekelwa kugxile. Amanye amathuluzi okusiza ukufaka izindaba zezenhlalo, izindlela zokufunda ngezandla, kanye nokwelashwa kwezinzwa.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Psychiatric Association. Ibhukwana lokuhlola kanye nesibalo sokukhathazeka kwengqondo. 5th ed. U-Arlington, i-VA: I-American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
> Frye R. Ukubuyekezwa kwezinqubo zokwelapha zendabuko nezamanje ukuze uthole ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-autism spectrum disorder: Okutholakele ekubuyekezweni okuhleliwe kanye nephaneli lobuchwepheshe. Imingcele Yezempilo Yomphakathi . 2013; 1. doi: 10.3389 / fpubh.2013.00031.
> Ming X, Brimacombe M, Chaaban J, Zimmerman-Bier B, Wagner GC. Ukukhathazeka kwe-Autism spectrum: Ukuphazamiseka kwamakhambi okufanayo. I-Journal ye-Neurology yezingane . 2007; 23 (1): 6-13. i-doi: 10.1177 / 0883073807307102 >.
> Rao PA, uLanda RJ. Inhlangano phakathi kokuqina kokuziphatha kwe-phenotype nokunciphisa i-comorbid ukungabi nakakhulu kwemibono yokugula kwengqondo ezinganeni ezine-autism spectrum disorders. I-Autism . 2013; 18 (3): 272-280. i-doi: 10.1177 / 1362361312470494.
> Samsam M. Pathophysiology yezinkinga ze-autism spectrum: Ukuphindaphindiwe kokubandakanyeka komzimba kanye nokungalingani kwe-immune. I-World Journal ye-Gastroenterology . 2014; 20 (29): 9942. doi: 10.3748 / wjg.v20.i29.9942.