4 Izindlela Zokuvimbela Amathoni Aphukile
Ukugxila kuyindlela yokwelapha amathambo aphukile (owaziwa ngokuthi ama- fractures ) uze ufike kudokotela. I-splint ingenziwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwezinto ezisendlini noma ingahle ithengiswe ngokuhweba ngokukhethekile ukuhlukana kwezingcezu. Kwezinye izimo, lapho umlenze noma umunwe usetshenziswa, umakhelwane ongenakulimaza angaba yibucwebe.
Iziplintshi zingasetshenziselwa ukulimala noma ukuhlukaniswa (ukuphazamiseka kwamalungu, njengamahlombe noma amadolo).
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uqhekeke yini noma ukuhlukana noma ngabe usebenzisa into eyenziwe njengebucwebe noma imfashini ngokwakho ehlathini, imiqondo iyafana.
Kuqinile njengeDwala
Umqondo wokuqhakaziza ukunciphisa ukunyakaza kwamathambo noma amalunga awonakele. Uma ithambo liphukile ngokuphelele, ukucindezela kulezi zingcezu eziphukile kungabangela ukuthi izimbambo zamathambo eziqhubekile zihambe futhi zilimaze izicubu ezincane ezizungezile. Ngokuba amathambo aphukile, kodwa ahluke ngokuphelele, izingcindezi zangaphandle ezitheni zingabangela umonakalo owengeziwe futhi kungase kubangele ngisho nokuphuka amathambo ukuze ahlukane ngokuphelele.
Ukulimala akudingeki kube ukuhlukana. Izingcindezi zangaphandle zingabangela futhi amalunga kakade abonakaliswe ukuba angabi nakakhulu nakakhulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umonakalo wenziwa yini izicubu ezinzima njengezithambo noma izinthambo ezilula eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinjengezo ezitholakala ekuhlanganyeleni, ukwelashwa kuxhomeke ekutheni imimoya ingasebenzi.
Ukuze ugweme ukucindezelwa kwangaphandle ukulimaza okwedlule ithambo eliphukile, kuyadingeka ukuba ungabi nhlobo-okunye okubizwa ngokuthi ubucwebe -indawo.
Iningi lezinsalela zenzeka emikhawulweni (izingalo nemilenze), kodwa kukhona amathambo kuwo wonke umzimba (cishe 206). Ngisho nalapho i-bone ephukile ingekho emkhawulweni, njengezimbambo noma i-pelvis, kubalulekile ukuyivimbela ngangokunokwenzeka ukunciphisa amathuba okulimala okuqhubekayo. Iningi lezibonelo ezisetshenziswe lapha kuzoba ngamaphutha okuphela.
Okubaluleke kakhulu kwe-Splinting
Ukuqhaqhazela kweminye imikhawulo ngeke kusebenze ngaphandle kokuthi uhlanganise ngokuphelele ukulimala ngaphakathi kobucwebe. Lokho kusho ukuthi kufanele uchithe izixhumanisi ezingenhla nangaphansi kwe-fracture. Uma, isibonelo, ingalo iphukile phakathi kwe-forearm, okungaphezu nje kwe-forearm kuyodingeka ihlukaniswe. Ngenxa yokuthi isibindi esihambayo noma i-elbow kuyoba nomfutho emathanjeni esiphezulu, ukuphumula kuleyo ndawo kudinga ukungabi nakakhulu kwesibindi nesigqoko. Uma behluleka ukuhamba, ngeke baphenduke futhi badwebe i-radius kanye ne-ulna (amathambo engalo elingaphansi).
Endabeni yokuxoshwa noma ukuxoshwa, akuyona nje kuphela ukuthi izidingo ezihlangene zizophoqeleka, kodwa futhi izakhiwo (ngokuvamile amathambo) kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba. Ngokwesibonelo, uma kwenzeka amadolo, ithanga (femur) kanye nomlenze ophansi (tibia kanye ne-fibula) kuzodingeka iguqulwe ukuze igxile ekuhambeni. Abanye bathi ukuxoshwa empeleni kubuhlungu kakhulu kunezinhlupho, futhi isiguli cishe ngeke sisuse umkhawulo ngaphandle kwesikhuthazo nhlobo.
Hlola umsebenzi
Isizathu sokuhlukanisa ukulimala, ikakhulukazi ekugcineni, akumele siphulukise. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuhlukunyezwa okukhulu kuzodinga ukwelashwa okuphawulekayo, ngisho nokuhlinzwa, ukulungisa umonakalo.
Ukuqhafaza kokuqala kusetshenziselwa ukuthola isiguli esibhedlela noma kudokotela. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukugqama kungase kube lula ukuthutha isiguli esilimele, ngokuwenza kube lula ukuhambisa isiguli ngaphandle kokulimala okunye noma ngokwenza ukuba isiguli sikwazi ukuhambisa.
Ngenkathi usiza ukuthola isiguli kudokotela, kubalulekile ukungenzi izinto zibe zimbi nakakhulu. Okokuqala futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ama-splints akumele aqhubeke nokulimala emkhawulweni. Ukwehlisa impela ngokuvamile kuvimbela umonakalo owengeziwe futhi ongalinganiswa ngokuhlola umsebenzi womkhawulo. Ukujikeleza, ukuzwa, nokunyakaza yizimpawu zomsebenzi kuzo zonke iziphetho.
Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlola umsebenzi womkhawulo okungenani kabili. Hlola kanye ngaphambi kokuba noma yimuphi ukwelashwa kusetshenziswe, futhi emva kokuqhafaza kwenziwa. Uma ngabe yikuphi okusebenzayo (ukusabalalisa, ukuzwa, nokunyakaza) sekuphelile noma kwanda kakhulu, zama ukulungisa-noma ngisho nokususa-ububanzi. Ukulahlekelwa komsebenzi kuyinto enkulu engabangela ukulimala okungunaphakade uma kungashiywa kungavunyelwe.
Ukuhlola ukugeleza kwegazi: Ukugeleza kwegazi endaweni eyalimala (ukusakaza) kungaphazanyiswa uma ukulimala kwezicubu ezizungezile kuhlanganisa imithwalo yegazi. Noma yini enamandla ngokwanele yokwephula ithambo inamandla okwanele ukuphazamisa amavrididi, imifino, nama-capillari. Ukuze uhlole ukujikelezwa, uzizwe umkhawulo kanye namawele akhe (uma ingalo ephikile iphukile, qhathanisa ingalo engakwesokunxele). Isiphetho esilimalayo kufanele sibe nesifudumele njengengxenye ehlukile. Uma kupholile, lokho kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi igazi ligeleza endaweni liyekethiswa.
Qhathanisa umbala. I-Purple, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-splotchy, noma ephaphathekile yizo zonke izimpawu zokunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi kuze kube semkhawulweni.
Uma wazi ukuthatha impulse , qhathanisa impumulo ekupheleni kwemikhawulo. Uma ukushaywa komkhuhlane okwemele kungekho noma kubuthakathaka kakhulu, kuyinkomba yezinkinga zomjikelezo.
I-standard yegolide bekulokhu isebenzisa ukugcwalisa i-capillary (faka ukucindezela okuncane eminwebeni noma izintambo ukuze "ubenqume" noma ucindezele umbala kubo bese uyeka, umbala kufanele ubuyele ngaphansi kwamasekhondi amabili), kodwa kunobumbalwa obuncane bokuthi i-capillary refill yindlela enokwethenjelwa.
Ukuhlola Isisindo: Inzwa yisilinganiso sesibili somsebenzi. Kulokhu, ukuhlolwa kulula: "Ungabe uzizwa kanjalo?"
Ngaphandle kokuvumela isiguli ukuba sibone ukuthi u-toe noma umunwe othinta ukuthini, mcele ukuthi akutshele ukuthi ungubani (gcina kulula futhi usebenzise i-pinki noma izinzwane ezinkulu, njengoba izinzwane ezisemkhatsini kanye neminwe akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi iziguli ukuchaza). Uma isiguli singakwazi ukuzwa ukuthi uthinta umkhawulo (noma udidekile ngalokho okuthinta), kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi umkhawulo awunayo ukujikeleza okwanele, okwenza ukuthi izinzwa zingasebenzi kahle, noma ukuthi kunomonakalo wangempela wezinzwa.
Ukuhlola Ukunyakaza: Ukulinganisa kokugcina komsebenzi ukunyakaza. Ingabe isiguli singashukumisela umkhawulo?
Ukulahlekelwa kokunyakaza kuyinkomba yokulahlekelwa kokusabalalisa, ukulimala kwamagesi, noma ukwehluleka kwesakhiwo. Amangqamuzana nemisipha yizimbambo kanye namapulisi aklanyelwe ukwenza izinto zihambisane ngendlela ethile. Uma uphula isakhiwo esisekelayo, ngezinye izikhathi umshini awuhambisani nendlela okufanele uhambe ngayo.
Izindwangu kanye nezimpukane
Amathambo aphukile ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba adinga amasu ahlukene okubavimbela. Ukuqala phezulu, ake sibheke izinhlobo ezahlukene zobucwebe futhi zingasetshenziswa kangcono kakhulu.
Ukulimala ebhande lehlombe (clavicle ne-scapula) noma engxenyeni engenhla (humerus) kungaphathwa kahle nge-sling ne-swath. Ukulimala kwengalo engezansi kufanele kuhlanganiswe nenye yezinkambiso ezingezansi, kodwa kungasetshenziswa ukufaka isikhonkwane ukuze kusize ukuphatha ukulimala. Kulula futhi ukuthi isiguli sihambisane uma ingalo ehlanganisiwe isesigodlweni.
I-sling iyinhloko enkulu yesikhali sakho. Inikeza ukusekelwa kwesisindo salo ingalo kunokuba ivumele ukuba idonsa bese idonsa amathambo namathambo. I-swath isetshenziselwa ukubopha ingalo, namanje esendleleni, emzimbeni wesiguli.
Izindlovu zingenziwa ngokukhiqizwa kwezohwebo (okujwayelekile emva kokuhlinzwa) noma zingadalwa ngaphandle kwe-bandage ye-triangular noma ngisho nomsila omude wekhati.
Ama-Splints wekhadibhodi
Ukunciphisa ukwedlula zonke izingqikithi zentengiso yi- cardboard splint . I-cardboard splint nje njengoba izwakala, i-splint eyenziwe ngekhadibhodi futhi iklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa kosizo lokuqala. Ama-splendidi wekhadibhodi angabuye akhiqizwe kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwebhokisi elinogada. Ngomunye uhlamvu lwekhadibhodi, umqulu we-tape, ithawula, kanye nezikwele, cishe noma yikuphi ukwephulwa komkhawulo kungagqunywa.
Ama-splendididibhodidididi angabhekana futhi anzima ukuwasebenzisa, futhi awakasebenzi uma emanzi. Futhi, i-splendid cardboard ingenza kube nzima ukubona umkhawulo wokulimala ukuze ubuyekeze umsebenzi noma ukuphatha amanxeba avulekile nokulawula ukuphuma kwegazi.
I-Aluminium Splints
Ama-splendid aluminium angama-splendid ngokuvamile afika emqulwini, kodwa angena ezinkampanini eziphathekayo, ezinamabala. Ukuqhaqhazela kwe-Aluminium kungenziwa ukulingana nomkhawulo olimale kalula futhi babambe isimo sabo emvuleni. Zithengisa kakhulu kunekhadibhodi, kodwa zithathe indawo encane kakhulu futhi zingasetshenziswa kalula futhi ziningi kakhulu uma zixhunyiwe.
Ngokuzijwayeza, ukuguqulwa kwe-aluminium kungasetshenziswa ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokufihla umkhawulo owodwa njengokukhazimula kwekhadibhodi. Ama-splendid aluminium abuye asetshenziselwe ukugcoba ngomunwe futhi afike emaphakheji amancane, alungele.
Izinsika
Ukulimala kwe-Ankle kungakhanjiswa kahle ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umcamelo wombhede nomqulu we-tape . umcamelo ohloniphekile (phansi nje awusebenzi ngempela kulokhu) ungagqunywa unyawo phezu kwesikhumba esilimele bese ugoqa emlenzeni. Iphumelela ngokudala i-'boot 'elithambile ukuze ibambe iqhwa elimele.
I-wide pillow ngokwanele ingasetshenziselwa ukugoqa ingalo noma ukulimala komlenze ophansi, nakuba kungcono.
> Umthombo:
> Grey K, Briseno MR, Otsuka NY. Ukuhlangana phakathi kwe-capillary refill time kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi emkhawulweni ophezulu wezingane. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2008 Sep; 17 (5): 257-60. doi: 10.1097 / BPB.0b013e32830b6209.