Izinhlobo zegazi: A, B, AB no-O

Ukumpontshelwa igazi kungasindisa ukuphila, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezethusa . Kodwa-ke, awukwazi nje ukuhamba uphahla imigqa ephakathi kwamaphi abantu ababili. Igazi leziguli liza ezinhlobonhlobo zegazi eziningi futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene zingahambisana kancane kune-Apple ne-Android.

Ukwethayipha kwegazi okuyisisekelo ukuhlukanisa igazi ngokusekelwe kwezakhi zofuzo kanye ne-protein antigen ezoba khona ngaphandle kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Lokhu kwaziwa emphakathini wezokwelapha njengendlela ye-ABO futhi isebenzisa amamaki ama-antigens amabili.

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A, B, AB no-O

Amaqembu we-ABO

Kunezinhlobo zegazi eziyisisekelo eziyisisekelo ohlelweni lwe-ABO lokuthayipha:

1. Thayipha i-A ine-antigens yeQembu A futhi yenza amasosha omzimba avikele igazi leQembu B.
2. Uhlobo lwegazi B lunama-antigen weqembu futhi lwenza amantombazane alwa neGembu A igazi.
3. Thayipha igazi le-AB linamabili ama-antigens amaqembu A no-B kodwa akwenzi ama-antibodies.
4. Thayipha I-blood ayinayo uhlobo lwe-antigen.

Ukunikela noma ukuthola igazi kuyinkimbinkimbi yokuthi kukhona izinhlobo ezine zegazi. Thayipha i-O, ngoba ayinawo ama-antibodies noma ama-antigens nganoma yiluphi uhlobo, anganikelwa abamukeli nazo zonke izinhlobo ezine zegazi. Thayipha u-AB, ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba inama-antigen a-A no-B futhi futhi engenzi ama-antibodies we-antigen, angathola igazi kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezine, kodwa anganikela kuphela kwabanye abamukeli be-AB.

Kodwa, linda! Kukhona okuningi!

Kukhona elinye i-antigen ekhona amangqamuzana egazi abomvu angathinta indlela okuhle igazi lomamukeli ligazini le-donor. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-Rhesus factor (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Rh factor).

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Rh Factor

Ngaphandle kwe-ABO uhlelo lokuthayipha, kunezinye amaprotheni egazini ezingathinta ukuhambisana phakathi komnikezeli nomamukeli. Okuvamile kakhulu kwaziwa ngokuthi yi-Rhesus factor noma i-Rh factor.

Ebizwa ngokuthi ama-Rhesus izinkanyana lapho kutholakala khona kuqala (futhi ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwakhiwe), i-Rh isho umuthi we-antigen ongaphila kumaseli obomvu egazi. Labo abanamaprotheni bayaziwa ngokuthi i- Rh positive nalabo abangenawo amaprotheni bayaziwa ngokuthi i- Rh negative .

Rh Antibodies

Ama-antibodies ayokwenziwa ukuze alwe namaprotheni kulabo abamukeli abangenawo amaprotheni egazini ngokwemvelo. Ngakho isiguli esine-Rh- igazi asikwazi ukuthola ukumpontshelwa igazi kumnikezi ophethe i-Rh + igazi ngoba umzimba womamukeli uzohlasela igazi le-Rh + lapho uxhumane naye.

Ukunikela nokuthola

Esikhathini esedlule, saxoxa ngendlela isiguli esinomthelela wegazi Ohlobo O esingathola ngayo A, B noma izinhlobo ze-AB ngokusebenzisa ukumpontshelwa igazi. Ukucabangela i-Rh isho ukuthi u-O ongenawo igazi ungathinteka ngokwemvelo kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesiguli. Thayipha i-O- igazi eyaziwa ngokuthi umnikeli wendawo yonke .

I-AB + igazi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, igazi layo yonke amaprotheni aselevele ekhona. Iziguli ze-AB + ziyaziwa ngokuthi izamukeli zomhlaba wonke ngoba imizimba yazo izokwamukela zonke izinhlobo zegazi.

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Yini 'Thayipha & Ukuguquka' Kusho?

Odokotela ku-TV bathi ngaso sonke isikhathi: "Umhlengikazi, ngidinga ukuthi uthayiphe uphinde uwele isiguli."

Cishe uyazi ukuthi kunento ephathelene negazi, kodwa kusho ukuthini ngempela? Okokuqala, kufanele wazi ukuthi "uhlobo & ukuwela" ludlulele ngohlobo lomdlalo kanye nomdlalo ohamba phambili . Libhekisela ekuvivinyweni ukuthi igazi ngokuvamile lihamba ngaphambi kokumpontshelwa.

Ukuthayipha

Njengoba sixoxile, izinhlobo zegazi zisekelwe ezinhlobonhlobo eziningana zama-protein namagciwane okuba khona kunoma yikuphi igazi lomuntu. Kuleli gama, uhlobo lubhekisela ekuhloleni kokuhlola ukuthola uhlobo lwegazi lomguli.

Ukuqhathanisa okuphambene

Ngenxa yokuthi zonke izivivinyo ziyafana futhi iziguli zibonakala sengathi zinama-blood ahambisanayo azisho ukuthi ukumpontshelwa igazi kuzosebenza njalo. Ukweqa umzimba kuyisivivinyo lapho igazi elithile lesiguli liqaliswa khona kancane kwegazi lomnikeli ukuze ubone ukuthi lihambisana kanjani.

Okungcono, amasampuli egazi azowaqeda njengabangane abadala. Uma bexubana kahle futhi behlelwa emdlalweni wekhadi kanye nobhiya, konke kuhle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma beqala ukuphonsa amaphuphu, yisikhathi sokubuyela emuva ebhodini lokudweba (noma okungenani kuya ebhange legazi). Uma igazi elingavumelani lidluliselwa kusuka komuntu oyedwa kuya komunye, ukusabela kungaba yinoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka kwe-anaphylactic kuya ekuphazameni kwegazi .

Ukuze nje udaka amanzi angamanzi kakhulu, ukuhlolwa okuhle akuyona into enhle, kodwa ukuhlolwa okubi kungukuthi. Ngokwefesheni yezokwelapha ejwayelekile, igama elisetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa okuhle noma elibi akubhekisele kumphumela okhethwayo, kodwa kuba khona noma ukungabikho kokuphendula. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa okuhle kusho ukuthi igazi liye laphendula. Ngokuvamile, lokho kusabela kungenxa yegazi lomamukeli ukuhlasela nokubulala igazi lomnikeli.

Impi ekhukhumezayo egazini legazi elilodwa iphazamisa kakhulu amandla egazi okwenza umsebenzi wawo empeleni.

Nokho, ukuhlolwa okungalungile kusho ukuthi amasampula amabili egazi aqinisana kakhulu futhi azosebenza ndawonye njengabalingani basendulo.