Ngokuphambene nalokho abantu abaningi abakubakholelwa, umkhuhlane awuwona nje ubanda obubi noma isifo senhliziyo . Isifo esibangela ukuphefumula esibulala abantu abangaba ngu-56 000 njalo ngonyaka e-United States. Iningi lalabo abafayo bakholelwa ukuthi liphakathi kwabantu abaneminyaka engama-65 ubudala, kodwa ngokwesilinganiso izingane ezingaphezu kwezingu-100 ziyafa ngonyaka ngonyaka ngenxa yempukane, futhi izingane ezincane kakhulu zibhekene nezinkinga ezibangelwa ukushona komkhuhlane njenge-pneumonia noma i-sepsis.
Uma ungumzali noma umlondolozi wengane encane noma usana, yilokho okudingeka ukwazi ngakho ukuthi ungafa kanjani ngofrifu nokuthi yiziphi izimpawu zokuxwayisa okufanele uzibuke uma ingane yakho igula.
Lapho Umkhuhlane Ungabulala
Ukufa okuningi okuhlobene nokubhebhetheka komkhuhlane akuwona umphumela oqondile wokutheleleka ngegciwane , kepha kunalokho ngenxa yochungechunge oluyinkimbinkimbi yokuphendula okwenziwe igciwane. Kwezinye izimo, uketshezi kwenza izinkinga zezokwelapha ezikhona zibi nakakhulu noma zivulele umnyango wabasha, kodwa kwezinye izimo, ukuphendula komzimba wethu kugciwane yilokho okubhekene nokulimala okubulalayo.
Ukuvuvukala
Eziningi zezinto ezihlobene nomzimba ofana nomkhuhlane ofaka noma umkhuhlane-empeleni isenzo sethu somzimba kwabahlaseli. Uma sithole igciwane ngamagciwane noma amagciwane, isimiso sethu somzimba samasosha omzimba sihlanganyela ngezindlela eziningana ezahlukene zokuqalisa ukuhlaselwa. Ukwandisa izinga lokushisa (umkhuhlane), isibonelo, indlela yethu yomzimba yokuzama ukubulala abahlaseli abangenakuphila emvelweni onzima kakhulu.
Enye indlela izidumbu ezizivikela ngayo ngokuthumela amasosha ezinyawo aziwa ngokuthi ama-cytokines. Lezi zinhlayiya ezenziwe ngamasosha omzimba - cabanga amaseli egazi amhlophe - ngokuyinhloko yakhelwe ukuvimba igciwane lingakazeli ngokuzihlanganisa nabahlaseli futhi ngokuthinta ukuthi amaseli ethu asebenza kanjani. Kwezinye izimo, umzimba ungangcolisa kakhulu ukutheleleka okunjengomkhuhlane futhi uthumele ama-cytokines ahamba phambili kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "isiphepho se-cytokine." Uma lokho kwenzeka, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela singakwazi ukuphuma ekulawuleni, okwenze ukuvuvukala nokulimaza okubanzi amaseli nomzimba wethu womzimba.
Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwegciwane elibulalayo noma sepsis .
Izifo Nezimo Zesibili
Ngezinye izikhathi umkhuhlane ungakushiya usengozini kwezinye izinhlobo zokutheleleka, ikakhulukazi i-pneumonia noma i-strep ebangelwa amabhaktheriya. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zempilo, amasosha omzimba angakwazi ukulwa nalezi zifo ngaphandle kokukhishwa, kodwa izidumbu ezinomkhuhlane ziba nesikhathi esinzima ukuzivikela. Njengokutheleleka komkhuhlane, ukutheleleka kwesibili kungabangela impendulo yokuzivikela emzimbeni noma kubangele izitho ezinjengezinhliziyo noma amaphaphu ukuvala.
Imibandela ekhona
Kubantu abanezimo zezokwelapha ezikhona, igciwane lesifo somkhuhlane lingenza izinto ezimbi zezempilo zibe zibi nakakhulu. Izingane ezine-asthma, ngokwesibonelo, zine-airways evuvukalayo futhi ezwelayo engenza kube nzima ukuphefumula. Uma bebhekene nengculaza, igciwane lingabangela ukuthi lezi zindlela zokuvimbela imimoya zivele zivutha kakhulu, zivuselele ukuhlaselwa yisifo sofuba noma zibenze zibe nezifo ezincane ezifana ne-pneumonia.
Amaqembu aphezulu kakhulu
Abantu abathile banamathuba amaningi kunokuba abanye babe nezinkinga ezinkulu ezivela emkhuhlane. Lokhu kufaka:
- Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala, kodwa ikakhulukazi izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili
- Abesifazane abakhulelwe
- Abantu abadala, abaneminyaka engu-65 ubudala
- Izakhamuzi zasemakhaya asebekhulile kanye nezindawo zokunakekelwa isikhathi eside
- Ama-Alaskan Amanani namaNdiya aseMelika
- Abantu abanezimo ezidinga usizo lwezempilo, njenge-asthma, izimo ze-neurological, izifo zamaphaphu noma izinhliziyo, noma amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka ngenxa yezifo (njenge-HIV) noma ukwelashwa (njenge-chemotherapy).
Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi nakuba laba bantu behlushwa uketshezi olunzima, akubona kuphela abafa ngegciwane. Izingane ezinempilo kanye nabantu abadala abangenawo umlando wezindaba zezokwelapha kungenzeka futhi bafa ngenxa yenkinga yokugula nokugula. Eqinisweni, kusukela ngo-2010 kuya ku-6, isigamu sazo zonke izingane ezafa ngenxa yempukane sasingenaso isimo sezokwelashwa.
Izimpawu Zezinhlekelele Zezifo
Ngenkathi izingane eziningi ezinempilo zikwazi ukululama kusuka emkhuhlane kahle ekhaya, abanye badinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezingane ezifa ngenxa yesifo sofuba kusukela ngo-2010 kuya ku-6 zenza kanjalo kungakapheli isonto lokuba nezimpawu, ngakho ukubona izixwayiso kusenesikhathi kubalulekile. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu noma izimpawu ezilandelayo, shayela umhlinzeki oyinhloko wengane yakho ngokushesha noma ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
I-Fever ephakeme noma ehlala isikhathi eside
Ukukhipha izinga lokushisa kuyisimo esihle esivamile somkhuhlane. Imifudu ingenye yezindlela imizimba yethu ezama ukulwa nezifo, futhi empeleni ingaba usizo uma unesifo. Kodwa ukuba nomkhuhlane ophakeme kakhulu izinsuku ngezikhathi kungase kubangele umonakalo emzimbeni futhi kube uphawu lokuthi usizo olwengeziwe luyadingeka. Uma ukhathazekile ngokuthi izinga lokushisa kwengane yakho liphakeme kakhulu, noma uma liqala ukuhlukunyezwa kusuka emkhunjini, shayela udokotela wengane yakho ngokushesha.
Ukuguqula iBlue noma Izinguquko Ekuphefumuleni
Ukhuhlane luyisifo sokuphefumula, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubuka izimpawu ukuthi ingane yakho ayifuni kahle. Uma ingane yakho ibonakala iphefumula noma iphefumula ngokushesha, noma ibonakala iphendukile okwesibhakabhaka, ingaba uphawu olubalulekile lokuthi banenkinga efana ne-pneumonia kanye / noma ukuthi umzimba wabo awutholi oksijini-futhi ubuchopho, inhliziyo, nemisipha zidinga oksijeni ukufeza imisebenzi yethu yansuku zonke. Ngaphandle kwalo, izitho zingalimaza, mhlawumbe zibe nemiphumela ebuhlungu njengokushintsha kwengqondo noma ukuziphatha, ukulahlekelwa ngamakhono emoto (njengokuhamba noma ukulinganisela), noma ngisho nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Izingane ezinenkinga yokuphefumula zingadinga ukwelashwa okungeziwe njengama-antibiotic for pneumonia noma ukwelapha ukuphefumula noma ngisho nokubhedlela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi bathola umoya okwanele.
Izinhloko Zekhanda / Umkhuhlane Okhuni
Lezi zibonakaliso zingabonisa ukuthi i- meningitis noma ukuvuvukala ezungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla ongaba nomthelela wesikhathi eside noma obulalayo ezinganeni. Uma ingane yakho ingakwazi ukukutshela ukuthi ikhanda labo libuhlungu noma uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi intamo yabo inzima yini, bheka ukuthi ingilazi yabo ingathinta esifubeni sabo. Bathukuthele kancane kancane, futhi uma kungenakufinyelela, lokhu kungaba uphawu lwe-meningitis, futhi abazali nabanakekeli kufanele bafune usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha.
Ungaphuzi iziphuzo ezanele
Abazali abaningi bayazi ukuthi bafuna ukungcola amanzi lapho izingane zabo zinenkinga yesisu kodwa kungenzeka zingacabangi ngakho ngezifo zokuphefumula ezifana nomkhuhlane. Ezinye izingane (nakuba hhayi bonke) zihlanza uma zinomkhuhlane, okwenza kube okubaluleke nakakhulu ukuba uqaphele nge-hydration yengane yakho. Ngokuvamile, umkhuhlane ungenza izingane zikhathele kakhulu futhi zifuna ukulala usuku lonke nobusuku bonke baze babuyisele-into engenziwa ibe yimbi ngokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi. Phakathi kwezinto zokulala, izingane kufanele zizame ukuthatha iziphuzo ezincane zeziphuzo ezicacile (noma esimweni sezinsana, isifuba noma ifomula) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bathola uketshezi olwanele.
Uma ungazi ukuthi ingane yakho iphelelwe amandla, enye indlela yokuhlola ukugcina ilanga ngenani lezikhathi eziya endlini yokugezela kanye nombala womchamo wabo. Uma ingane ingaphansi kaningi kunokujwayelekile futhi / noma umchamo ubumnyama, khona-ke kungenzeka ingane yakho ingatholi uketshezi okwanele. Ezinye izibonakaliso zokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi ukuze ziqaphele zihlanganisa izindebe ezomile, izandla nezinyawo eziphaphathekile, amehlo aqhekekile, nokukhala ngaphandle kwezinyembezi. Uma lezo zibonakaliso zivela, umhlinzeki wezokwelapha wengane wakho angase afune ukubona ingane yakho noma akuqondise esibhedlela noma kwenye indawo ukuthola ama-flu flu.
Ukuthukuthela ngokweqile
Uma ungazizwa kahle, kungaba nzima ukuhlala ubumnandi bakho, u-go-lucky ngokwakho. Kodwa izinhlungu nezinhlungu ezithinta umkhuhlane kungenza ngisho nomuntu olula kakhulu abe nesigamu. Ezinganeni eziningi, ukugubha embhedeni noma embhedeni ungahamba ngendlela ende ukuze unciphise izimpawu ezibangelwa uketshezi. Uma kuthiwa, uma ingane yakho icasula kangangokuthi ayifuni ukubanjwa noma ukuthi ubathinte ngisho nabo, lokho kungaba isibonakaliso into engalungile futhi kufanele ubize umhlinzeki wezokwelapha wengane yakho ukuba azise.
Ukungaphenduli
Ukhuhlane lungabangela ukuphathwa ikhanda kanye nama-aches emzimbeni wakho wonke, ungasho umkhuhlane kanye nokuphelelwa amandla okuphefumula konke okungahle kunciphise wonke amandla okugcina. Kodwa kukhona umehluko phakathi kokungazizwa udlala ngoba awuzwa kahle futhi ungaphenduli. Uma ingane engavamile kakhulu ingaphenduli noma yimuphi umbuzo, noma awukwazi ukuvusa kusuka ku-nap, shayela udokotela ngokushesha.
Ukubonakala Ukuthola Okungcono, Khona-ke Ukuhamba Kakhulu
Ukuphindaphinda kungaba yisibonakaliso sokuthi ingane yakho isifo sokutheleleka noma ukucindezeleka okwesibili ngenxa yomkhuhlane, njenge-pneumonia. Uma ingane yakho igula futhi ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba ibonise izimpawu zokuba ngcono, hlola nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha uma uqaphela ushintsho.
Ukuvimbela Imfudu Nokunakekelwa
Ukungenelela kokubili kwezokwelapha okubalulekile kungasiza izingane nezingane ukuba zilulame ngokufiphala futhi zigweme ukugula noma ukufa: ukugoma kanye nokulwa namagciwane.
Ukugonywa
Ngokwezikhungo zokuLawula nokuvimbela izifo kanye ne-American Academy of Pediatrics, ukugonywa ngenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukuze uvikele izingane zakho ebuchosheni obunzima noma obubulalayo. Kungenxa yokuthi ukugonywa kusiza umzimba womntanakho ukwakha izivikelo ezidinga ukulwa nomkhuhlane. Ezimweni eziningi, lezo zivikelo zanele ukuvimbela ukuba bangakwazi ukuphefumula ngokuphelele, kodwa ngisho noma kungenjalo (futhi bagula noma kunjalo), kungabanika ngokwanele ukuqala kwekhanda ukunciphisa igciwane phansi.
Ngaphandle kokugoma, kungase kuthathe amasonto ukuze umzimba wakho wakhe izisetshenziswa ezanele zokulwa nesifo sofuba. Okwamanje, igciwane lingabangela umonakalo omkhulu. Ukuthola ukugonywa kwengane enempilo yokufa ngenxa yomkhuhlane yizingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu. Ezikhathini zamuva zempukane, izingane ezinhlanu ku-5 ezafa ngenxa yempukane azizange zigonywe. Ngisho nangeminyaka lapho umgomo wokugoma ungabonakali kahle emithonjeni yemifucuza yonyaka, ukugoma kungakwazi ukuvimbela izifo ezingama-67,000 ezifakwe esibhedlela kanye nokugula okungaba izigidi ezimbili, eziningi zazo ezingabantwana.
Ama-antiretroviral
Uma umkhuhlane utholakala zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili zesifo seqala noma uma ingane yakho isencane kakhulu, umhlinzeki wezempilo womndeni wakho angase ancoma ukuba aqale emishanguzweni ye-antiviral. Lezi zokwelashwa aziwona ukwelashwa komkhuhlane, kodwa zingasiza ukugcina igciwane lesifo sofuba lingakaze lisakaze kakhulu, likhule kakhulu ngaphakathi emzimbeni, linikeze amasosha omzimba ithuba lokulwa nalo. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi ugula isikhathi esincane futhi ube nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu, kanye nokunciphisa amathuba okuba nezinkinga ezinkulu.
Le mithi ayincomo kuwo wonke umuntu futhi ngokuvamile igcinwa kuphela kulabo abhekwa njengengozi enkulu yezinkinga ezivela emkhuhlane. Kanti futhi akuyona indawo yokugoma komkhuhlane. Kodwa kungaba yithuluzi eliwusizo ekunciphiseni ingozi yokubhedlela noma yokufa, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane kanye nabantu abadala.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Ukulinganisa Ukufa Kwezinsana Zonyaka Zase-United States.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Izimpawu Zemfudu Nezinkinga.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Umkhuhlane: Okufanele Ukwenze Uma Ugula.
> Rolfes MA, IMFoppa IM, Garg S, Flannery B, Brammer L, Singleton JA, et al. Isifo Sokukhulelwa Kwamafuba, Ukuvakashelwa Kwezokwelapha, Izibhedlela, nokufa Kwasuswa Ngu-Vaccination e-United States. Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo.