Imiphumela ye-Marijuana emaLungwini
Isixhumanisi phakathi kokubhema ugwayi nomdlavuza wamaphaphu asinakuphika, kepha ukubhema inambuzane kubangelwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu na? Impendulo emifushane-mhlawumbe. Ake sibheke impendulo ende.
Izifundo Ukubheka I-Marijuana ne-Cancer Cancer
Ngo-2006, iningi lethu emithi lashona lapho ukubuyekezwa kocwaningo kuze kube yimanje akubonanga ukwanda komdlavuza wamaphaphu ohlobene nokusetshenziswa kwensangu.
Kwakukhona ngisho nokusikisela ukuthi inambuzane inomthelela wokuvikela umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Izifundo zamuva, ngokuphambene, kubonakala sengathi zixhumanisa ukubhema umjuva nomdlavuza wamaphaphu , nakuba imiphumela ixutshwe, futhi ukungaqiniseki okuningi kuhlala.
Ucwaningo olulodwa lwabonisa ukuphindaphindiwe komdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu ababhema amantombazane abasebenzisa ugwayi (okungukuthi, amadoda aphuza inani elifanayo, ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu yayiphindwe kabili kubantu abasebenzisa inambuzane). Olunye ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwesikhumba eside isikhathi eside kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abadala abasha (kulolu cwaningo oluchazwe ngokuthi uneminyaka engama-55 nangaphansi), kanti ingozi iyanda ngokulingana nenani lentambo elibhemayo.
Ucwaningo olunzulu lwamazwe ngamazwe oluqhutshwa ngo-2015, ngokuphambene, lwathola ubudlelwane obuncane phakathi kokujwayela nokusetshenziswa komdlavuza we-cannabis kanye nomdlavuza wamaphaphu isikhathi eside. Kulesi sibuyekezo, ezinye izinhlangano zitholakala phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwe-cannabis ne-lung adenocarcinoma kodwa akukho ukuhlangana okutholakala phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwe-cannabis ne- squamous cell carcinoma yamaphaphu .
Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngo-2018 olwanyatheliswa kuyi- Journal of Thoracic Oncology lufingqa ezinye zezinkinga kokubili ukwazi ukuthi inambuzane isetshenziselwa yini umdlavuza wamaphaphu, futhi ukuthi inambuzane ingasebenza kanjani ukulawula izimpawu kubantu abaphila nomdlavuza. Ezinye zezinto ezikhathazayo zihlanganisa ukuthi izifundo eziningi kuze kube yimanje ziye zaba izifundo ezincane, lezo ezenziwe zivame ukufaka izinombolo ezincane zokubhema inambupho enamandla, ukusetshenziswa kwezigqila, ngokujwayelekile, kubika ngokwabo, nokuhlanganiswa kogwayi ukubhema kanye nokusetshenziswa kwensangu.
Imiphumela ye-Marijuana emaLungwini
Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi ukusebenzisa njalo insangu kubangela ukulimala emoyeni ongabonakala ngokubonakalayo nangaphansi kwe-microscope. Kubuye kube nemibiko yokwanda kwezibonakaliso zokuphefumula ezifana nokuvuthwa , ukuphefumula , nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo kubantu abasawoti. Lokho kusho ukuthi ukubhema njalo kwensangu akubonakali kubangele ushintsho oluphawulekayo emisebenzini yamaphaphu, futhi akubonakali ukwandisa ingozi ye-COPD, kanti i- COPD iyingozi yokuzimela komdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Ukubheka umonakalo wamaphaphu ngenye indlela, kubonakala sengathi kunciphisa leyo ngozi. Ucwaningo lwango-2017 olubheka umphumela wokubhema u-insangu kukhwalithi yamapayipi okumele isetshenziselwe ukufakelwa ukutholakala ukuthi umlando we-cannabis awunamthelela emiphumeleni yokufakelwa, nokuthi lokho okubandakanya nabokuqala ukubhema kwezidakamizwa ku-pool yokunikela kungahle kuthuthukise i-pool donor .
Ukuphikisana Ngokuphathelene Nengozi Yamancuba Ne-Cancer
Njengoba imbuni isasemthethweni e-US ngaphansi komthetho wesifundazwe, kunzima ukwenza izifundo ezilawulwayo ezenziwe ngogwayi. Ngenxa yalokhu, kusiza ukubheka lokho esikwaziyo mayelana namagogasi akhombisa ukuthi kungandisa ukwanda komdlavuza wamaphaphu:
- Eziningi ze- carcinogens kanye nama-carcinogens avela kumusi wokubhema nazo ziyabhema nomshukela.
- I-Marijuana ukubhema ibangela ukuvuvukala kanye nokulimala kwamaseli, futhi ihlotshaniswa nezinguquko zangaphambi komdlavuza emathangeni amaphaphu.
- I-Marijuana iye yaboniswa ukuthi ibangela ukuzivikela komzimba omzimba, okungenzeka ukuthi ibeka abantu emdlalweni umdlavuza.
Into esemqoka ekusetshenzisweni kwensangu kanye nengozi yomdlavuza? Nakuba inambuzane cishe inesifo somdlavuza uma kuqhathaniswa nokubhema ugwayi, kungcono ukuqapha. Kukhona izizathu ngaphezu kwengozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu (futhi iqiniso lokuthi akukho emthethweni emazweni amaningi) ukugwema inambuzane.
I-Marijuana ingandisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-testicular, umdlavuza wesibeletho, umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, uhlobo lwesifo sobuchopho, kanye nengozi ye-leukemia kwinzalo yabesifazane abasebenzisa ukhula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
I-Flip Side: I-Marijuana Emitholampilo Ye-Cancer
Uma sikhuluma ngosangu nomdlavuza, ngokuvamile kunezingxoxo ezimbili ezihlukene. Uma ukhuluma ngesibangela somdlavuza, imiphumela isabuthakathaka nezinye izifundo ezibonisa ukuthi ukubhema inambuzane kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza kanti abanye bathi inambuzane ingase ivikeleke emdlalweni.
Lokho esikwaziyo, ukuthi ukubhema inambuzane kungasiza abantu abathile ukuba babhekane nomdlavuza . Ngokusho kweNational Cancer Institute, "ama-cannabinoids angase abe nezinzuzo ekwelapheni imiphumela emibi ehlobene nomdlavuza." Eminye yemiphumela emibi engase ithuthuke ngokusetshenziswa kokhula ihlanganisa isicashu, ukulahlekelwa ukudla, ubuhlungu nokuphazamiseka kokulala. Futhi njengoba umdlavuza we-cancer cachexia -inhlanganisela yezimpawu ezihlanganisa ukulahlekelwa ukudla, ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo ngokungenhloso, nokuxoshwa kwemisipha-kubhekwa njengesizathu esiqondile sokufa kwabantu abangamaphesenti angu-20 abanomdlavuza, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezigulini zomdlavuza kufanele kufundwe kabanzi.
Ngokuqondene nokwelapha, ubunzima bokutadisha izinto ezingekho emthethweni kunokwenza ucwaningo olunomkhawulo. Esinye isifundo esincane sathola ukuthi inambuzane ingase ibe nenzuzo ezigulini ezinezinhlobo ezibuhlungu zobuchopho obuphindaphindiwe. Ngithemba, ngokugunyazwa kwe-United States yonkana, le mpendulo izocaca esikhathini esizayo.
I-Secondhand Marijuana Smoke
Ukukhathazeka kokugcina ngogubhu kungumphumela wezinambuzane ezincane ezingekho eduze. Imiphumela yokubhema umsila onomsila ekuhlolweni kwezempilo kanye nezidakamizwa kuyacutshungulwa. Ucwaningo oluthile luye lwathola ukuthi inambuzane iyabhekana nokukhathazeka okunjengokubhema ugwayi, ngakho-ke ukuqapha kungase kuqinisekiswe.
Izwi elivela
Kuze kube yilapho kwenziwa izifundo ezinkulu, awukwazi ukuqinisekiswa ukuthi ukubhema inambuzane noma ukutholakala nomsila wokhula wesikhulumi akusikho ukukhathazeka kwezempilo. Unezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokukhetha ngaphandle kokubhema ngezindlela zokusebenzisa i-cannabis yezokwelapha kanye ne-cannabis yokuzilibazisa lapho kusemthethweni khona. Uma ukhathazeka ngempilo yakho yamaphaphu futhi uvula abantu abangaboni, kungase kube ngcono ukubuka imodi ehlukile yokulethwa kunokubhema, njengama-edibles.
Ngokuqondene nomngcingo we-cancer, abaningi be-oncologists bacabanga ngokudubula kwangaphambilini kusuka ekusebenzeni kwe-hip ukuthi inambuzane ingalungile. Kusukela kulokho esikufundile mayelana nokubhema ugwayi kanye nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwakuyesaba ukuthi ukubhema i-cannabis kungabangela izinkinga ezifanayo, kodwa lokhu akubonwanga ngalesi sikhathi.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, inzuzo engaba khona yomshukela kubantu abaphila nomdlavuza kanye nezinkinga zomdlavuza kufanele bazwe kabanzi. Ngalesi sikhathi asikho okuncane ukusiza abantu abahlakulela noma abaye bahlakulela umlenze womdlavuza. Ngomphumela walo ekudleni, i-cannabis ingaba inketho elula yokubhekana nokudla okuncane okujwayelekile phakathi kweziguli zomdlavuza.
Okuthakazelisayo okukhulu okwamanje okwamanje ukunciphisa isidingo semithi yobuhlungu be-opioid kubantu abanomdlavuza abasebenzisa i-cannabis. Njengoba kunikezwe isifo se-opioid overdoses esilula kakhulu emithinzweni yobuhlungu abantu abaningi abanomdlavuza babengafuni ukuwasebenzisa ekuqaleni. Kwacatshangwa ukuthi iningi labantu emagcekeni ekuphela komdlavuza wawucindezeleke kakhulu ngenxa yobuhlungu ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ukunakwa kwezwe kuqondiswe enkingeni ye-opioid. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukugunyazwa kwamanoni emazweni amaningi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuzithokozisa noma ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, sekufike ngesikhathi esifanele ukuxazulula le nkinga.
> Imithombo:
> Berthiller, J. et al. Ukubhema i-cannabis kanye nengozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu emadodeni: ukuhlaziywa okuhlanganisiwe kwezifundo ezintathu eMaghreb. I-Journal ye-Thoracic Oncology . 2008. 3 (12): 1398-403.
> Chen, A. et al. Ukucubungula ukuthi abantu ababhema inambuzane basengozini ephansi kakhulu yokudla komzimba ngokuphathelene nogwayi-abangewona abatshonayo: ubufakazi obusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kabusha kwezincwadi zamanje. I-Journal ye-Psychoactive Drugs . 2008. 40 (3): 263-72.
> Huang, Y., Zhang, Z., Tashkin, D. et al. Ukubuyekezwa Kwama-Epidemiological of Marijuana and Cancer: Isibuyekezo. I-Epidemiology ye-Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention . 2015. 24 (1): 15-31.
> Martinasek, M., McGrogan, J., no A. Maysonet. Ukubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile Kwezenzo Zokuphefumula ZaseMarijuana Engenayo. Ukunakekelwa kokuphefumula . 2016 Aug 9. (Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta).
> Amatshe, E., Warren, G., noK. Cummings. Ukusebenzisa i-Cannabis, umdlavuza we-Lung, nezinkinga ezihlobene. I-Journal ye-Thoracic Oncology . 2018. 13 (4): 480-487.
> Taskin, D. Imiphumela yejuju ukubhema emaphashini. Amanothi we-American Thoracic Society . 2013. 10 (3): 239-47.
> Zhang, L., Morgenstern, H., Greenland, S. et al. Ingozi Yokubhema Inhlanzi Nokugaya Ingculazi: Ukuhlaziywa Okuxubile ku-International Lung Cancer Consortium. I-International Journal of Cancer . 2015. 136 (4): 894-903.