Isifo se-thyroid yisikhathi esisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ububanzi obuningi bezinkinga ezihlobene ne-thyroid, ngayinye enezici zayo, izimbangela, ukwelapha, nemiphumela. Njengazo zonke izinhlobo eziningi zezifo, ayikho "isisindo esisodwa-esifanele-sonke" isisombululo sesifo esibukeka kakhulu ngokungaqiniseki.
I-Hyperthyroidism , eyaziwa nangokuthi i-thyroid engasebenzi, ngezinye izikhathi ingabonakalisa ngezimpawu ezimbalwa noma zibe nzima kakhulu ukuqala isiphepho se-thyroid esongela ukuphila.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, i- hypothyroidism , i-thyroid engasebenzi, ingabacasula abanye futhi isifo esishintsha ukuphila, esishintsha ukuphila kwabanye.
Ngokufanayo, umdlavuza omncane we-papillary we-papillary ungase ube lula ukuwuphatha, kanti umdlavuza we -thyroid unamathuba okuphila okuphakathi kwezinyanga ezine.
Nakuba engekho kula maqiniso emangalisa kunoma ubani ophila nesifo esingelapheki, isifo se-thyroid siyingqayizivele ngoba kukhona ukushintshashintsha ngokweqile endleleni okutholakala ngayo nokuphathwa ngayo.
Ukwenza ngcono ukutholakala kwezifo ze-thyroid
Enye yezindawo zokuqala lapho usayizi owodwa awungafanelanga khona konke ukuhlolwa kwesifo segciwane. Iziqondiso zamanje zivele zithembele kakhulu ekusebenziseni amazinga e-hormone (TSH) we-thyroid okwenza ukuba uhlolisise i-thyroid engasebenzi noma engasebenzi.
Ukuhlakanipha okuvamile kufaka ukuthi i-TSH engaphezulu kuka-5.0 ibhekwa njenge- subclinical hypothyroidism hhayi ukwelashwa okugunyazayo, kuyilapho i-TSH engaphezulu kwe-10.0 ihlanganisa ukwelashwa okudlulele ngokwe-hypothyroidism.
Njengoba kunikezwa ukuthi abanye abantu bangakwazi ukubona izimpawu zesifo segciwane emazingeni ka-TSH ngezansi kwe-0.5, kubangela ukuthi ngabe isinqumo sokwelapha kufanele siphathwe izinombolo zezimpawu.
Yingakho iminye imihlahlandlela yezifo, kuhlanganise nalabo abagula ngengculaza (COPD), eqale ukuqondisa ukwelashwa okusekelwe kokubili izimpawu zesiguli nokuzihlola ukuthi "kubi" noma "kuhle" lowo muntu ukholelwa ukuthi izimpawu ziya be.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, emkhakheni we-endocrinology, ukuxilongwa kwesifo se-thyroid bekulokhu kuxoxwa iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi ngokuhlukahluka okukhulu phakathi kwabahlinzeki ngendlela isifo esitholakalayo ngayo.
Ukuze unikeze ukuxilongwa okunolwazi, abaningi be-endocrinologists baye bathatha indlela yokuhlanganisa xaxa lapho behlola umuntu okholwayo othintekile ngesifo se-thyroid. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Abanye odokotela bathembele ebangeni elibanzi lokubhekisela le-TSH ukwenza ukuxilongwa.
- Ama-ultrasound ye-thyroid ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa imikhuba ethile yokubheka ama-goiters, ama-nodules, nezinye izimo eziphuthumayo ezithathwa yi-TSH.
- Abanye odokotela baye bahamba phambili ekuphenyweni ngezimbangela eziyinhloko zesifo se-thyroid, egijima izivivinyo ze-antibodies ukukhipha noma ukuqinisekisa isifo sikaHashimoto nesifo se- Graves (zombili ezingabangela izimpawu ngaphambi kokwenza ushintsho kumahomoni wegciwane).
- Abanye basesimweni sokuphatha izinto ezinjenge-euthyroid isifo sikaHashimoto (lapho isikhumba se-thyroid sisasebenza khona ngenhloso yokugwema ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hypothyroidism eyengeziwe.
Ukwenza ngcono ukwelashwa kwe-Thyroid
Njengokuxilongwa ngesifo se-thyroid, ukwelashwa kwesifo akufanele neze kube ne-cookie-cutter kodwa, ngokudabukisayo, kuvame ukuba njalo.
Isibonelo, abantu abathintekayo abane-Graves's disease kanye ne-hyperthyroidism, i-endocrinologists izovame ukuphuthuma ekwenzeni ukwelashwa kwe-iodine (RAI) ekutholeni ukwelashwa kokuqala ukuze "uyibulale kanzima futhi ikhule ngokushesha" uma indlela engavamile yokusebenza ingase iphumelele futhi ingabonakali kakhulu .
Ochwepheshe abawaziyo, ngokuphambene nalokho, bazocabangela ubuhlungu besifo, izimpawu, nomlando wesiguli ukuze bahlele ngokwezifiso uhlelo lwezokwelapha. Ezimweni eziningi, izidakamizwa ze-antithyroid ezifana ne- Tapazole (methimazole) zinganikeza ukukhipha okwesikhashana noma okuphakade esiGuleni se-Grave ngaphandle kwe-RAI, ukuhlinzwa noma ingozi ye-hypothyroidism.
Okufanayo kusebenza nomdlavuza wegciwane. Inkambo evamile ingase ihlanganise i- thyroidectomy ephelele yokuhlinzwa, ilandelwe yi-RAI kanye ne-high-dose ye-hormone ye-hormone yokwelashwa esikhundleni. Kodwa ingabe lokhu kuyadingeka njalo? Namuhla, abanye odokotela bathatha indlela yokulinda futhi yokubona yokwelapha kuye ngokuthi imvelo nobungakanani bokulimala.
Akukho ndawo okuyiyona ndlela ejwayelekile-ehambisana nayo yonke indlela ebonakalayo kunokwelashwa kwe-hypothyroidism. Namuhla, isiqondiso esivamile sichaza ukusebenzisa i-levothyroxine (yokwenziwa kwe-T4 hormone) ukubuyisela isiguli "ebangeni" lokubhekisela "evamile".
Ngenkathi lesi sidakamizwa sisodwa singakwazi ukubekezeleleka futhi sisebenze kubantu abathile, indlela ye-cookie-cutter ibuka uhlu olubanzi lwezinketho zokwelashwa, kuhlanganise:
- I-Tirosint , uhlobo olusha olusha lwe-levothyroxine olungcono kunamathebulethi
- I-Cytomel (i-synthetic T3 hormone)
- Izidakamizwa zemithi ye-thyroid ezonakele
- I-Levothyroxine ihlangene noCytomel
- I-Levothyroxine ihlangene ne-thyroid ekhishwe emvelo
- Ukwakhiwa kwamasiko okwenziwe ngokwezifiso kufaka phakathi noma yikuphi kwezidakamizwa ezibalwe ngenhla
Lokhu akubandakanyi ukwelashwa okuhambisanayo nezinguquko zokudla okungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu futhi kuthuthukiswe isimo somzimba jikelele sabantu abathintekayo.
Izwi elivela
Njengoba ososayensi beqonda kabanzi ngezindlela zesifo se-thyroid kuzo zonke izinhlobo zawo, kugcizelelwa kakhulu ekuthatheni indlela eyahlukene yokuxilongwa nokuphathwa. Kudinga odokotela ukuba bacabangele lowo muntu kanye ne-pathology.
Kuze kube sekugcineni, uma unayo (noma ukholelwa ukuthi unayo) isifo se-thyroid, thatha isikhathi sokuzifundisa futhi ube ngummeli wokunakekelwa kwakho. Uma ukhetha udokotela, thatha isikhathi sokubuza imibuzo eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uqonde izinketho ezitholakalayo kuwe. Uma udokotela engakwazi ukubhekana nokukhathazeka kwakho, uhlangane nabanye odokotela noma ufune umbono wesibili.
Ngokwenza kanjalo, ungenza izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi ube ngcono ekuqinisekiseni ukwelashwa okufanele.