Isimo Esixhunywe Nengozini Ephakeme Yezifo Zenhliziyo
Abantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza bavame ukuphakamisa amazinga e- cholesterol kanye ne-triglycerides , okubangelwa yi-virus kuphela kodwa yizo izidakamizwa ezihloselwe ukuphatha lesi sifo. Ezinye izici zingase zibe nomthelela kulezi zimo, ezaziwa, ngokulandelana, njenge i-hypercholesterolemia ne- hypertriglyceridemia .
Iyini i-Cholesterol?
I-Cholesterol ichazwa yi-American Heart Association njengezinto eziluthayo emzimbeni wegazi lomuntu osuselwa kokubili isibindi somuntu nokudla okunye-ikakhulukazi ukudla okubomvu nemikhiqizo yobisi egcwele.
I-cholesterol eyedlulele ingavimbela imishanguzo emzimbeni, evikela ukugeleza kwegazi okwanele ekufinyeleleni izitho ezibalulekile, kufaka inhliziyo nenqondo. Lokhu kungandisa ingozi yomuntu yokuba nesifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-cholesterol:
- I-cholesterol ye-LDL : icatshangelwa ukuthi "i-cholesterol" embi, i-LDL ephezulu ixhunywe engozini ephakeme yokuhlasela kwenhliziyo nokushaywa isifo. Ukudla okucebile ngamafutha agcwele futhi okuthutha-njenge inyama ebomvu, ukudla okucutshungulwayo, nokudla okulula-kusiza ukwandisa i-cholesterol ye-LDL.
- I-cholestolol ye-HDL : evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "okuhle" i-cholesterol, i-HDL ephansi ihlotshaniswa nengozi yokukhula kwenhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi. I-genetics yomuntu, ene- type 2 yesifo sikashukela , ukubhema, nokuphila ngendlela yokuhlala ngokwehlisa izinga le-HDL ye-cholesterol.
Ingqikithi ye-cholesterol ibalwa ngokungeza i-HDL + LDL + 20% yezinga le-triglyceride lomuntu. Ngokuvamile, izinga le-cholesterol elifiselekayo lingaphansi kwama-milligram angu-200 nge-deciliter (mg / dL).
Yini Eyayihlukumeza?
I-Triglycerides yilawo mafutha avamile avela ekudleni noma ayenziwa ngumzimba kusukela ekuqhekekeni kwama-carbohydrate. Ngemuva kokuthi umuntu adle ukudla, amakholori angeziwe angasetshenziselwa amandla asheshayo aguqulwa abe yi-triglycerides. Lezi zinhlanganisela bese zihamba phakathi kwegazi kuze kube yilapho sezifinyelela izicubu ezinamafutha, lapho zigcinwa ukuze zisetshenziswe kamuva.
Amazinga we-triglyceride ephakanyisiwe axhumene nethuba elikhulayo lokuba nomfutho wegazi ophezulu futhi uthayiphe u-2 wesifo sikashukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma umuntu ene-triglycerides ephezulu futhi noma izinga eliphakeme le-LDL noma i-HDL ephansi, khona-ke uzobe esengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma imivimbo.
Ngokuvamile, izinga elivamile le-triglyceride lichazwa ngokuthi linama-milligram angaphansi kuka-150 nge-deciliter (mg / dL), kanti izinga eliphakeme le-triglyceride lichazwe njengo-500mg / dL noma ngaphezulu.
Izici ezandisa ingozi yomuntu ye-hypertriglyceridemia zihlanganisa:
- Ukukhuluphala
- Ukungasebenzi ngokomzimba
- Ukudla ngokweqile kotshwala
- Ukubhema ugwayi
- Kudla ocebile kuma-carbohydrate (afana nokudla okuyishukela, amakhukhi, izinkwa kanye namazambane)
- Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezifana nohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili noma isifo sezinso ezingelapheki
- Imithi ethile (njengama-antiretrovirals, i- estrogen ne- corticosteroids )
- I-makeup ye-genetic yomuntu
I-cholesterol ne-Triglycerides kanye nesixhumanisi sabo se-HIV
Ukutheleleka nge-HIV ngokwayo kubangele ukwanda kwama-cholesterol namazinga e-triglyceride kumuntu onegciwane. Lesi simo singagxiliswa kakhulu nemithi yesandulela ngculaza yomuntu, engathinta kabi amazinga e-cholesterol womuntu.
Imithi ye-HIV ehlukaniswe njenge- protease inhibitors (i-PIs) ivame ukuxhunyaniswa kokubili kwe-hypertriglyceridemia kanye ne-hypercholesterolemia.
Iningi le- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) - izidakamizwa zamakilasi nazo zingafaka isandla kulokhu. Phakathi kwazo:
- I-Ziagen (abacavir)
- I-Zerit (i-stavudine)
- I-retrovir (i-zidovudine, i-AZT)
- I-Kaletra (lopinavir + ritonavir)
Ukuphathwa kwe-Cholesterol ephakeme ne-Triglycerides
Ngenxa yobuhlobo be-cause-and-effect phakathi kwe-HIV kanye ne-cholesterol / triglycerides ephakanyisiwe, abantu abane-HIV kufanele bahlolwe njalo ngegazi ukuze baqaphe amazinga egazi le-serum.
Izinguquko zokuphila (kufaka phakathi ukuzivocavoca , ukudla okunciphise amafutha nokuyeka ukubhema ) ngokuvamile kunganciphisa imiphumela eminingi embi yokwelapha nokutheleleka. Ezimweni eziningi, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze- statin nezinye izidakamizwa ukunciphisa i-cholesterol ne-triglycerides kunganconywa uma amazinga aphuma kulokho okungase kubhekwe njengempilo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala noma labo abane-syndrome ye-metabolic.
Ucwaningo oluvela kuKaiser Permanente Division of Research luye lwabonisa ukuthi imithi ye-cholesterol ingasebenza kahle phakathi kwabantu abathile abanesandulela ngculazi abasengozini yokugula isifo senhliziyo. Nakuba ingozi yezifo iphakeme ngenxa yezinkinga ezingenayo i-lipid ezingase zenzeke ngezidakamizwa ezithile ezidambisigciwane, imithi yokulwa ne-cholesterol ibonakala isebenza kahle kakhulu ekulawuleni amazinga aphakeme noma ahlekisiwe.
Ngaphandle kwezidakamizwa zendabuko, ukusetshenziswa kwama-lipid abalawulayo njengeLipid (gemfibrozil) kuye kwaboniswa ukulawula okungcono kokubili ama-cholesterol namazinga e-triglyceride kubantu abaphila ne-HIV.
Imithombo:
AIDSInfo. "Imiphumela emibi yeMithi Ye-HIV." Iwebhusayithi yoMnyango WezeMpilo Nezobuntu (DHHS); kufinyelelwe ngo-Septhemba 25, 2015.
I-American Heart Association (AHA). "Mayelana neCholesterol." UDallas, eTexas; kufinyelelwe ngo-Septhemba 25, 2015.
Feeney, E. kanye noMallon, P. "I-HIV ne-HAART-Associated Dyslipidemia." Vula i-Cardiovasc Med J. 2011; 5: 49-63.
Kaiser Permanente. "Isifundo Esikhulu Kunazo zonke Ukuqhathanisa Ukwelashwa Kwe-Cholesterol Ezinganeni Ezigciwane lesandulela ngculaza Nabeziguli Abangenayo i-HIV." IsayensiIsiSayensi . Ishicilelwe ngo-Mashi 2, 2009.