Umdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu unesibopho samaphesenti angaba ngu-15 wamanqamu wamaphaphu, kanti ama- cancer angamakhulu amancane omdlavuza wamaphaphu ama- cancer angamaphesenti angu-85 asele.
Ngokungafani nomdlavuza wamaphaphu omncane ongewona omncane, ohlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine, umdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu uhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili kuphela; isigaba esilinganiselwe nesigaba esikhulu. Amaphesenti angaba ngu-30 kuya kwangu-40 abantu abanomdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu atholakala ngaphambi kwesikhathi - lapho ama-tumors abo esabhekwa njengesixazululo esincane, kanti abantu abangamaphesenti angama-60 kuya kwangu-70 lesi sifo sesivele sithuthukile esiteji esikhulu .
Umdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana wamangqamuzana uvame ukwanda kakhulu, ukhula ngokushesha futhi usakaze ngokushesha, kodwa uvame ukuphendula kahle ekhemotherapy kanye nokwelapha imithi okwesikhashana.
Incazelo
Umdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu omncane ongekho emkhakheni ufaka umdlavuza okhona emaphashini owodwa kuphela futhi kungenzeka ukuthi usakaze ezithombeni eziseduze noma izicubu eziphakathi kwamaphaphu kodwa azange zisakaze ( ezifakwe emzimbeni ) kwezinye izifunda zomzimba.
Umdlavuza wamaphaphu omncane uhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili ngesistimu yesiteji esakhiwe yi-oncologists. Ngalesi sigaba, "isigaba esinqunyelwe " sibhekisela emathunjini ahlanganiswe emkhakheni wezintambo ezibekezeleleka. " Isiteji esikhulu " umdlavuza omncane we-cell lung, ngokuphambene nalokho, ubhekisela emathunjini amakhulu kakhulu noma afakazeke kakhulu ukuba afakwe ngaphakathi kwensimu eyodwa yokubekezela imisebe. Uma umdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu usakaze ezindaweni ezikude zomzimba (isifo semetastatic) njalo kubhekwa njengesiteji esikhulu.
Udokotela wakho angase achaze nomdlavuza wakho ngokwemigomo ye- TNM . Ukusebenzisa lesi simiso, i-T imele ubukhulu be-tumor, i-N imele ukuba khona komdlavuza ema-lymph nodes, kanti i-M isetshenziselwa ukuchaza imetastasis eseduze. Ngomdlavuza omncane ongasencane wesifo samaphaphu, isisu singase sibe nesayizi eguquguqukayo (T) futhi kungenzeka noma singenayo i-lymph nodes ehilelekile (N) kodwa kuyohlale i-M0 (M ilandelwa yi-zero), okusho ukuthi isisu hhayi ukusakazeka kwenye indawo yamaphaphu noma ezindaweni ezikude zomzimba.
Izimpawu
Ngokungafani ne-khansa efana ne-lung adenocarcinoma, evame ukuvela ezindaweni zangaphandle zamaphaphu, umdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu uvame ukwenza okungaphezu kwamaphakathi, eduze nemikhumbi yezindiza ezinkulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izimpawu zokuqala zihlanganisa nalabo abahlobene nesifo esiba khona emgwaqweni omkhulu (i- bronchus ), njengokukhwehlela, ukukhwehlela igazi, kanye neziqephu eziphindaphindiwe ze-pneumonia ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwe-airways.
Izimpawu zesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu esincane singabandakanya:
- Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo - Ukukhwehlela okungapheli ngokuvamile kuyisibonakaliso sokuqala somdlavuza wamaphaphu amancane.
- Ukwehla igazi (i-hemoptysis) - Ukuqhakazila igazi yisifo esivamile sokuqala somdlavuza omncane we-cell lung. Ngisho inani elincane legazi liyakhathazeka, futhi ukukhwehlela ngaphezu kwepuniji noma amabili wegazi kuthathwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.
- Ukuvuvukala ebusweni nasemqaleni
- Ukuphelelwa umoya
- Ukushisa
- Iziqephu eziphindaphindiwe ze-pneumonia noma i-bronchitis (ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwe-airways nge-tumor)
- Ukuthuthumela
Izimpawu ze-paraneoplastic - Umdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu nawo ungabangela izimpawu eziningi ezihlukahlukene ngenxa ye- paraneoplastic syndromes , okuyizimpawu ezibangelwa ama-hormone afihliwe yisifo noma isifo somzimba sokuzivikela ngomzimba kunesisu esikulo. Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa:
- Ubuthakathaka bemisipha emilenzeni engenhla, izinguquko zombono, nobunzima bokugwinya (i-Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome)
- Ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala, kanye nezinga eliphansi le-sodium egazini (isifo se-antidiuretic hormone secretion, SIADH)
- Ukulahlekelwa kokuxhumana nokuhlupheka ukukhuluma (ukuguqulwa kwe-cerebellar ye-paraneoplastic)
- I-Clubbing - Ukukhubazeka kweminwe lapho ukuphela kweminwe kuthatha ukubonakala kwesipuni.
Izimpawu zesifo se-metastasis - Umdlavuza wamaphaphu omncane ongenamkhawulo uchazwa njengomdlavuza ongazange usakaze ezindaweni ezikude zomzimba. Umdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu omncane, kodwa, uvame ukusabalalisa kusenesikhathi, ikakhulukazi ebuchosheni, futhi nesifo somdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana wamangqamuzana omzimba kuqala izimpawu zomdlavuza zingase zibe ezihlobene nemithambo ye-brain , njengobuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba, okubonakalayo izinguquko, izinguquko zenkulumo, noma ukuwa.
Ukwelapha
Izinketho zokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu zibandakanya kokubili ukwelashwa kwendawo njengokwelapha kanye nokwelashwa kwemisebe kanye nokuhlinzwa, kanye nokwelashwa okuhlelekile njengokuthi i-chemotherapy. Izivivinyo zezokwelapha zibuye zibheke nendima ekhona yezokwelapha kanye ne-immunotherapy emdlalweni omncane we-cell lung.
I-Chemotherapy ne-radiation therapy - Abantu abaningi baphendula kahle ngokuhlanganiswa kwe- chemotherapy kanye nokwelashwa kwemisebe ; ngomdlavuza wesigaba esincane, lokhu kungabanikeza ithuba lokuthola ukwelashwa.
Ukwelashwa - Ukuhlinzwa akuvamile ukuba nomdlavuza omncane we-cell lung (ngokuvamile kubhekwa ukuthi awukwazi ukusebenza ) kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ucatshangelwa uma isisu sikhona emaphashini owodwa kuphela nasendlini ye-lymph eseduze. I-Adjuvant chemotherapy (i-chemotherapy emva kokuhlinzwa) kuvame ukuphakanyiswa uma ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngomdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu weseli.
Irradiation ye-prophylactic cranial - Uma abantu bephendula kahle ukwelashwa, i- prophylactic irradiation crradial (PCI) - ukuvimbela imishanguzo emisebeni ekuvimbeleni ubuchopho - kunconywa ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthi noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakaze ebuchosheni, kodwa ayabonakali kwi-radiology studies, izokhula futhi ibangele izimpawu.
Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo - Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kuqhubekela phambili kuzo zombili izigaba zomdlavuza omncane we-cell lung, ukuhlola izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha nokwelashwa kwalesi mdlavuza ononya. I-National Cancer Institute incoma ukuthi noma ubani onomdlavuza omncane we-cell wamaphaphu uthathe iqhaza ekuhlolweni komtholampilo.
Isibikezelo
Izinga lokusinda lomdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu liye lathuthuka kusukela kokungezwa kwe-radiation therapy ukuze kusetshenzwe ukwelashwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-PCI, kodwa basalokhu bephansi. Izinga lokusinda lomdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu ahluke kakhulu ngokusho kwesiteji. Njengamanje, isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda esigabeni 1 somdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu ngamaphesenti angu-31, namaphesenti angu-19 esigabeni 2. Amaphesenti ayishumi kuphela abantu abanezifo ezincane ezingabonakali abukho ubufakazi bomdlavuza eminyakeni emibili emva kokuxilongwa. Njengoba umdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu omncane ukhula ngokushesha, futhi sifikile isikhathi eside namanye ama-cancer ekhula ngokushesha okufana ne-leukemia, kulindeleke ukuthi ukwelashwa okungcono kuzokwenzeka esikhathini esizayo.
Yini Engingayenza Ukuze Ngizisize?
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukufunda lokho ongakwenza mayelana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kungathuthukisa ukwelashwa kwakho. Buza imibuzo. Thola mayelana nokuvivinywa kwemitholampilo okungase kukufanele. Cabanga ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela . Cela futhi uvumele abathandekayo bakho bakusize ohambweni lwakho ngomdlavuza.
Kubalulekile ukuba ngummeli wakho uma unomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yokushintsha okuncane ekwelapheni umdlavuza wamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wamaphaphu omncane, kwenziwa inqubekela phambili.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. I-Cancer Cancer (Cell Cell Small. Kubuyekezwe 05/16/16.
> Society of American of Clinical Oncology. Cancer.Net Cancer Lung - Cell Small: Izinketho zokwelapha. 10/2016.
I-National Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa Kwemdlavuza Yamangqamuzana Amancane (PDQ) - I-Health Professional Version. Kubuyekezwe 11/09/17.