Isikrini se-Allen Cognitive Level (ACLS) yisivivinyo esihlola ikhono lomuntu okwenza izinqumo, ukusebenza ngokuzimela, ukwenza amakhono ayisisekelo ngokuphepha, nokufunda amakhono amasha. Loluhlolo lwasungulwa nguClaudia K. Allen, kanye nabalingani bakhe. Iqala ukushicilelwa ngo-1985 futhi ishintshiwe izikhathi eziningana kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.
Esikhundleni sokucela ukuthi uphendule imibuzo eminwe ngamazwi noma ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwepensela nephepha njengokuhlolwa okuningi kokucabangela, ukuhlolwa kwe -ACLS kukucela ukuba wenze uchungechunge lwemisebenzi yokuthunga usebenzisa ucingo lwesigqoko lesikhumba esinombala okhanyayo nohlangothi olumnyama, inaliti enkulu enkulu kanye nesigxobo esikhulu sesikhumba esenziwe ngogandaganda esinezimbobo ezenziwe ngaphambilini ezungeze emaphethelweni angaphandle.
Kunezinguqulo ezahlukene ze-ACLS etholakalayo, kufaka phakathi okulahlwayo kulabo abanezinkinga zokulawula ukutheleleka kanye nenguqulo enkulu kulabo abanombono nokubambisana.
I-ACLS isekelwe kumazinga ka-Allen ekuqapheliseni, okuyizinga elibandakanya amazinga kusuka ku-zero kuya kweyisithupha akhomba amakhono ahlukene okuqonda.
Imiphi imisebenzi ehlanganisiwe ku-ACLS?
I-ACLS ingavamile ngoba isebenzisa umsebenzi wokuthunga ukugxilisa ukuhlola ukuqonda. Umqondo walokhu ukuthi umsebenzi ngamunye udinga izinga eliyinkimbinkimbi eqondayo yokuqonda ukuqedela.
Ukumiswa kokusebenza : Umsebenzi wokuqala we-ACLS yi-stitch egijima. Umqondisi wokuhlola ubonisa ukulinganisa bese ekucela ukuba wenze amaningana alawa okufakwa kumugqa.
I-Whipstitch: Umsebenzi wesibili we-ACLS yi-whipstich. Futhi, umqondisi wokuhlola ubonisa ukulinganisa, eqinisekisa ukuthi izikhombisi-ndlela zicacile, bese ubuza umuntu ukuthi enze iziqu eziningana emgqeni.
Lo msebenzi uyinkimbinkimbi ngoba ngaphezu kokukhipha okulula okunzima, ubuzwa ukuthi uhlale uhlangothi olukhanyayo lwechungechunge lesikhumba lubheke phezulu futhi uqinisekise ukuthi aluphihli.
Iphutha Ukulungisa: Okulandelayo, umqondisi wokuhlola uthatha isiqephu sesikhumba futhi ubeka isikhala ngokungalungile, okwenza iphutha libizwa ngokuthi iphutha lokungena emuva futhi likucele ukuthi ulilungise.
Umqondisi wabe esenza enye iphutha lokubamba okuthiwa iphutha lesilaphu elisontekile futhi likucele ukuthi uthole iphutha ulilungise.
Ukunqotshwa kwe-Cordovan: Ukulinganisa kokugcina okuboniswe yi-single cordovan stitch. Ngokungafani nezikhonkwane ezimbili zangaphambili, umqondisi wokuhlola akabonisi ukuthi ungenza kanjani lokhu okushiwo. Esikhundleni salokho, uzomane abonise ukugqama okuphelile kuwe bese ekucela ukuthi ukopishe lokhu okugxilwe futhi wenze ezintathu zazo.
I-ACLS ilandelwe kanjani?
Ukulinganisa kwe-ACLS kusekelwe ekukwazi ukuqedela imisebenzi enikeziwe. Uma kunzima kakhulu ukugxila kanye nomsebenzi ogcwaliswe kahle, izinga eliphezulu liphakeme.
Iziqephu zihlehlisiwe zibe izinombolo ezihambelana namazinga athile okuphatha kanye nokunakekelwa okungase kudingeke ukuthi kusebenze ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Amanani aphezulu avela ngaphansi kwe-3.0 kuya phezulu kwe-5.8.
Amaphesenti angu-5.8 asho ukuthi ngokuvamile, uyakwazi ukusebenza kahle ngokuzimela ekhaya lakho. Ungase uzuze emfundweni ngezihloko ezinjengendlela engcono kakhulu yokubeka izingxenye zomzimba wakho ukuvimbela ukulimala kwengcindezi ekuthuthukiseni noma ukusikisela kokuthi ungayiqeda kanjani uma ukhathele, kodwa ezingeni lezinsuku zonke, awudingi usizo .
Amaphuzu angaphansi kwama-5.8 akhombisa ukuthi cishe uzodinga noma uzuze kohlobo oluthile losizo emisebenzini yansuku zonke.
Lokhu kungabuka ekunakekelwa kwekhaya lokuhlengikaza kwehora lamahora angu-24 ukusiza ngezikhathi ezithile ekhaya lakho ukusiza ngemisebenzi embalwa nje ngesonto.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwamazinga a-Allen's Cognitive and the Allen Cognitive Level Screen?
Amanothi e-Allen's Cognitive: Amazinga ka-Allen ekuqapheliseni athola amazinga ahlukene asebenzayo esikalini esingu-0 kuya ku-6. Izinga ngalinye libala futhi usizo oluhambelana nalo oludingekayo ukuze lusebenze ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ukukhokhela noma yikuphi ukulahlekelwa okukhona ezingeni ngalinye.
Isikrini se-Allen Cognitive Screen: Isikrini sezinga le-Allen esiyinkimbinkimbi kuyisethi ethile yemisebenzi yokuhlola ukuthi ukhona yini emazingeni ahlukene.
Izigaba ze-ACLS zivela kuphela kusuka ku-3.0 kuya ku-5.8 kusukela uma unesisombululo esingaphansi kwezintathu, ngeke ukwazi ukuhlanganyela kulolu hlobo lokuhlola. Izibalo zokuhlolwa zima ku-5.8 esikhundleni se-6.0 ngoba ukuhlolwa akuhlolisisi ngokugcwele ikhono lokuhlela ikusasa.
Amanothi e-Allen's Cognitive
0 - I-Coma : I-zero ibonisa ukuthi awukwazi ukuphendula futhi iyahambisana.
Ukuqwashisa oku-1 : Amaphuzu avela ku-1.0 kuya ku-1.8 abonisa ukuthi ukuqonda nokuqwashisa kuhluleka kakhulu. Ukunakekelwa okuphelele kwamahora angu-24 ngosuku kuyadingeka.
2 - Ukuhamba Kwezimpahla Ezinkulu : Amaphesenti phakathi kuka-2.0 no-2.8 asho ukuhamba okunye, kodwa ukunakekelwa kwamahora angu-24 kuyadingeka ukuvimbela ukuhamba nokusiza kuzo zonke izinto zokuphila kwansuku zonke , njengokugeza, ukudla nokuhlanzeka.
3 - Izenzo Zemiqulu : Izibalo eziphakathi kuka-3.0 no-3.8 zibonisa isidingo sokuqondisa nokusizwa ngemisebenzi yokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ukunikeza izinkomba, ezifana nokuhambisa ibhokisi lamazinyo kuwe, ngokuvamile kuzothatha umphumela wokuxubha amazinyo.
4 - Umsebenzi ojwayelekile : Izindlela zisiza kakhulu uma uphawula phakathi kuka-4.0 no-4.8. Izinkinga zokuphepha nokuxazulula izinkinga ngokuvamile kuyinselele; Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingeni le-4, ungase uhlale wedwa necebo esikhundleni salokho okufanele ukwenze (njengokubiza othandekayo) uma isimo esingalindelekile siqala phakathi nosuku.
5 - Ukufunda Umsebenzi Omusha : Isikali esiphakathi kuka-5.0 no-5.8 sikhombisa ukuthi nakuba kungase kube nokukhubazeka okunengqondo , ngokuvamile ukwazi ukufunda izinto ezintsha nokusebenza kahle. Uma usezingeni elingezansi laleli zinga, ungazuza kusuka kokuhlolwa kwamasonto onke kusuka kumthandekayo noma kwezinye izinsizakalo zokusekela umphakathi. Labo abafaka amaphuzu ephezulu bangase basebenze ngokuzimela futhi bakwazi ukwenza kahle kahle umsebenzi.
6 - Ukuhlela Umsebenzi Omusha : Amaphuzu ayi-6.0 amaphuzu aphakeme kunawo onke amazinga ka-Allen okuqaphela futhi abonisa ukuqonda kahle. Ngokuqondile, ikhono lakho lokusebenza eliphezulu likuvumela ukuthi wenze izinqumo usebenzisa isahlulelo esihle nezinqubo ezicatshangelwe zokucabangela ukuhlela phambili esikhathini esizayo.
Isikrini se-Allen Cognitive Screen Isihluke kanjani kwezinye izivivinywa ezicatshangelwayo?
Kukhona ukuhlolwa okuningi nokuhlolwa okutholakala ukuhlola amakhono okuqonda. Eziningi zalezi zixhobo zesikrini zokukhubazeka okungenangqondo kanye nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zesifo sokuwohloka komqondo , kuhlanganise nesifo se-Alzheimer , ukuwohloka komqondo komzimba , i- Lewy yokugula komzimba , ukucindezeleka kwangaphambili kwe-frontotemporal , nokuningi.
Ngokungafani nezinye izivivinyo eziningi ezingqondweni, i-ACLS ingaphansi kokuhlolwa kokuhlola ukuhlola. Lokhu kusho ukuthi nakuba kungasiza ekutholeni izinkinga ezingqondweni ezinjenge-dementia, kuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ezingeni eliwusizo ukuhlola amakhono omuntu ozosebenza ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Esikhundleni sokubheka ngokuyinhloko amakhono okukhumbula inkumbulo nesikhathi eside , ukwahlulela, namakhono okuxhumana, kugxile kakhulu ekusebenzeni okuphezulu (okubandakanya ukukhipha isinqumo nokwahlulela) nokuthi unganikeza usizo ekukhuliseni amakhono asele.
Isibonelo, i- MMSE (ukuhlolwa okuvame ukusetshenziswa kwengqondo) ihlola amakhono amaningi okuqonda futhi inikeza amaphuzu. Kodwa-ke, akunikezi iziphakamiso mayelana nokuthi kungakanani usizo lomuntu okungase aludinge ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, futhi azama ukusebenzisa ukungabi nalutho endaweni engqondweni yokuphila okusebenzayo.
Ngesinye isikhathi, umuntu angase ahlele amaphuzu ezingeni elithile ekuhlolweni kokuqonda kodwa okwenza ngcono noma okubi nakakhulu ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke ngenxa yokuthi lokho kuqondiswa kuyasetshenziswa (noma kungasetshenziswa kahle) ezingeni elisebenzayo.
I-ACLS ifuna ukuguqula leli gap futhi futhi ukuhlinzeka ngokusikisela okuqondile ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zenkxaso yokwandisa amakhono akho okucabangela emisebenzini yansuku zonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikrini eziningi ezingqondweni zilawulwa isonhlalakahle, isazi sezengqondo, noma udokotela. I-ACLS ivame ukuqhutshwa, ilandelwe, futhi ichazwe yilabo abaqeqeshwayo, nakuba abanye bangaqeqeshwa kuyo.
Ukuhlolwa Lokhu Kusetshenziswa Kanjani?
I-ACLS isetshenziselwa ukuhlola okusebenzayo ukucacisa ikhono lokuqonda nokukwazi ukuhlola izindawo eziphilayo eziphephile. Umgomo we-ACLS ukuhlolisiswa kokusebenza kahle kwamagama. Ukuqashelwa okusebenzayo kubhekisela kumakhono engqondo asisiza ukuba senze imisebenzi yansuku zonke.
Uchwepheshe wezokwelapha angase abuzwe ukuthi aqondise ama-ACLS kumuntu osesikhungweni sokuvuselela iziguli noma ekhaya lokuhlengikala ngemuva kokushona esibhedlela nokuwa kwe- hip . Lesi sikrini singasiza ekuboneni, ezingeni eliwusizo, ukuthi kungakanani usizo lomuntu okumele aludinge ngoba alunikeza kuphela amaphuzu, kodwa imiphumela ihlanganisa incazelo yokuthi indlela leyo score izoba nomthelela ngayo ikhono labo lokuhlala ekhaya ngokuphepha futhi benze njalo imisebenzi yosuku. Izincomo zingabandakanya ukuhlinzekwa kokudla kanye nemithi , usizo ngemali nemisebenzi yasendlini, noma ukunakekelwa kwamahora angu-24.
I-ACLS nayo isetshenziselwe nabantu abasha kanye nabantu abadala ukuba bahlole ukuqondiswa okusebenzayo ngemuva kokulimala kobuchopho, ekuvuseleleni izidakamizwa ezidakamizwa noma ngokweqile kanye nezifo ezingokwengqondo ezinjenge-schizophrenia.
Kulungile kangakanani i-ACLS?
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi imiphumela ye-ACLS inembile kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga langempela lokuzimela kanye nemisebenzi yabo yokusebenza kwansuku zonke. Kuye kwaqinisekiswa ngokuqhathanisa nezivivinyo ezivamile zokucabangela, njenge- MoCA kanye ne-MMSE.
Yiziphi Izinzuzo Nezinzuzo ze-ACLS?
I-ACLS iyasiza ngoba ibheka ukuthi amakhono okuqonda angathinta kanjani impilo yansuku zonke futhi ifuna ukuthola izindlela zokukhokha amakhono alahlekile.
Noma kunjalo, akufanele isetshenziswe ngokwayo ukuhlolisisa i-dementia. Njengazinye izivivinyo zokuhlola, ama-ACLS angancoma ezinye ukuhlola nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha uma kucutshungulwa ukucindezeleka komqondo .
I-ACLS idinga ukusetshenziswa kwezandla zombili, kanye namakhono amahle okubuka nokuzwa. Ngakho-ke, uma othile enokukhubazeka kunoma iyiphi yalezi zindawo, i-ACLS ayifanele ukusebenzisa.
I-ACLS nayo ingathinteka ekufundeni kwe-test-retest. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma wenze lesi sivivinyo ngaphambilini, kungenzeka ukuthi uyaphumelela ngaphezulu. Futhi, uma unesipiliyoni sangaphambili ngalezi zibonda, lokhu kungathinta ukusebenza kwakho.
Izwi elivela
Ukukhathazeka ngememori nokuhlolwa kwengqondo kungaba ukukhiqiza ukukhathazeka. Kodwa-ke, sinethemba lokuthi uzokhuthazwa ngemuva kokufunda ukuthi i-ACLS igxile ekusebenziseni nasekuthuthukiseni amakhono onawo, hhayi nje ekuboniseni inkinga engenzeka. Ukusebenzisa amandla akho, endaweni yokuqashelwa kodwa nakuwo wonke ukuphila, kuyindlela ebalulekile yokujabulela nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yakho yokuphila .
> Imithombo:
> Allen, CK., Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo nokubuyiselwa kokuvuselelwa kanye nokugula kwengqondo.Ukusebenza kwe-Insurance Medicine, 23 (4), 1991. https://allencognitive.com/wp-content/uploads/Ed-Corner-Allen-Cognitive-Levels futhi-Modes-of-PerformanceCombo.pdf
> Clancy, C. no Chapman, R. Ukusiza Abathintekayo Babantu abane-Dementia ngokusebenzisa Imfundo Yezokuzivocavoca Nokuqeqesha KwabaSebenzi. https://www.fightdementia.org.au/sites/default/files/Final-DETC.pdf
> Earhart, C. Iqembu le-Allen Cognitive. Umlando omfushane weModeli yokukhubazeka yokuCabangela nokuHlola. http://allencognitive.com/wp-content/uploads/Click-on-Brief-History-of-CD-model-2013-2FINAL.pdf
I-Allen Cognitive Group. Ukuhlolwa kwe-ACLS-5 no-LACLS-5: Izakhiwo ze-Psychometric kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezikolo zokuSebenza ngobufakazi. 2016. http://allencognitive.com/wp-content/uploads/CopyrightReportfPsychometricsACLS-5_3-21-2016.pdf
> I-American Occupational Therapy Foundation. Ucwaningo oluPhambili: Cognition esebenzayo. http://www.aotf.org/Portals/0/documents/About%20AOTF/Research%20Priorities/2016%20Functional%20Cognition%20Case%20Statement.pdf