Izinketho zokwelapha ze-Stage IV COPD

Imithi nemikhuba yokuphathwa

Isifo se-Chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD) yisifo sokuvuvukala samaphaphu avumela ukugeleza komoya ukuphuma nokungena emaphashini. I-COPD ihlukaniswa izigaba zesifo esisisiza ukuthi sithole indlela engcono yokwelapha futhi sibheke umphumela ongase ube khona (ukubikezelwa) kwesifo.

Isigaba IV sibhekwa njengesimo esibi kunawo wonke se-COPD futhi sibonakala ngokuphefumula okukhulu ( dyspnea ). Ngalesi sigaba, imithi yakho ngeke isebenze njengoba yayijwayele, imisebenzi elula izokushiya ukuphefumula, futhi uzoba nengozi eyengeziwe yokutheleleka emaphashini, izinkinga zokuphefumula, nokuhluleka kokuphefumula.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-COPD ayinakuguqulwa, lesi sigaba sesifo ngokuvamile sibizwa ngokuthi "isigaba sokuphela se-COPD." Lokhu akusho ukuthi azikho izindlela zokuphatha lesi simo. I-Global Initiative Yokuvimbela Izifo Zengculazi (GOLD) incoma ukusetshenziswa kwemithi elandelayo kanye nemikhuba yokuphatha kahle isigaba IV COPD.

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Ukuyeka ama-cigarettes

Ngisho noma uthola ukuthi une-COPD ethuthukile, akukaze kwenzeke kakhulu ukuvuna imivuzo yokuyeka ukubhema . Akugcini nje ukuyeka ukusiza kancane kancane ukuqhubeka kwesifo, izinzuzo zezempilo ziqhubeka nokukhula njengoba isikhathi sihamba.

Ngemva kwamasonto amabili, izimpawu ezimbi kunazo zonke zokuqeda i-nicotine zizoqala ukwehlisa. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezilandelayo, ingozi yokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo iyancipha njengoba ukujikeleza kwakho kuthuthuka.

Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye, uzoqala ukuzwa ukuphefumula okuncane futhi ube nezinkinga ezimbalwa zokuncintisana kwe-sinus.

Okuningi

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I-Flu ne-Pneumonia Vaccines

Imishanguzo ye-Flu ne-pneumonia iphakathi kweziqondiso zezokwelapha ze-GOLD kuzo zonke izigaba zesifo. Ukushiswa komkhuhlane waminyaka yonke kusiza abantu ukunciphisa ingozi yokukhushulwa kwe- COPD ngenkathi ukugonywa kwe- pneumonia kunciphise kakhulu amathuba okuthola i-pneumonia ye-bacteria.

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukuguquka komkhuhlane wonyaka wodwa kunciphisa ingozi yokugula nokufa kubantu abane COPD ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-50.

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I-Bronchodilators Yesikhashana

Ama-inhalers wokulondoloza , aqukethe ama-bronchodilators amancane afana ne-Proventil (albuterol), sisiza abantu abane-COPD ukuthi baphathe izimpawu eziqhubekayo noma ezimbi kakhulu zesifo. Le mithi iyingxenye yezinga lokunakekela zonke izigaba ze-COPD.

U-Albuterol uyisidakamizwa se-beta-agonist esisiza izidumbu ezungeze umoya wakho ophumuzayo. I-Proventil ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuphatha iziqephu zomoya eziphuthumayo zokuphefumula okuhlobene ne-bronchospasm.

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I-Bronchodilators Yesikhathi eside

Njengoba i-COPD yakho iqhubeka, udokotela wakho angangezela eyodwa noma ngaphezulu i- bronchodilators esebenza isikhathi eside ukusiza ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa ukubonakala kwezimpawu. Uma usebenzisa i-bronchodilator eyodwa kuphela esebenza isikhathi eside iphephile, ukwelapha okuhlanganiswa kuvame ukuphumelela ngokulingana nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Ama-beton-agonists asebenza isikhathi eside kukhona uhlobo olulodwa lwe-bronchodilator equkethe imithi efana ne-salmeterol noma i-formoterol. I-anticholinergics yesikhathi eside isebenzisa olunye uhlobo olusebenzisa i-Atrovent, i- Spiriva , noma i-Combivent.

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Ukuvuselelwa kwePulmonary

Ukuvuselelwa kwepulmonary ngokuvamile kwengezwe ngesikhathi se-II COPD futhi kuqhubeka njengoba lesi sifo siphuthuka. Kuhlanganisa ukuzivocavoca, amasu okuphefumula , izeluleko zokudla okunomsoco , nokusekela ngokomzwelo ukusiza abantu ukuthi babhekane kangcono nesimo sabo.

Ukubuyiselwa kwezidakamizwa kungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu zesifo , ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila, ukunciphisa ukuhlukaniswa komphakathi, nokwandisa isikhathi sokusinda. Uhlelo lusebenzisa iqembu labahlengikazi labahlukahlukene, abahlengikazi, abahlengikazi, nabeluleki.

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Imithi ye-Steroid

Ukwelapha nge-glucocorticoids (eyaziwa ngokuthi i-steroids) kunengxabano, kodwa i-GOLD iyancoma ifomu elifakiwe lapho ufika eSiteji III futhi uhlushwa ukuvama okuvamile.

I-oral steroids ingasetshenziselwa ukuphatha i-COPD uma izimpawu zikhula ngokushesha. Ngokuvamile , i- steroids engenalutho isetshenziselwa ukuphatha izimpawu eziqinile noma lapho izimpawu zihamba kancane kancane.

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Ukwelashwa kwe-oksijeni

Ukwelashwa kwe-oksijeni kunconywa ku-stage IV ngokuqhubekayo, ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, kanye / noma ukukhulula iziqephu ze-dyspnea.

I-oksijeni eqhubekayo ivame ukuphakanyiswa kulabo abakwaPaO2 (njengoba kulinganiswa ngamagesi egazi ) kukhona ama-55 mm HG noma ngaphansi noma amazinga e- oksijeni okugcwala amancane angaphansi noma afana namaphesenti angu-88.

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Ukuhlinza Ngamafutha

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokuhlinzwa kwamaphaphu ezitholakalayo kulabo abahlangabezana nezinqubo ezicacile ngeSigaba IV COPD. Zihlanganisa i- bullectomy esetshenziselwa ukuphatha izindawo ezinkulu ze-air emaphashini wokuphungula ivolumu yamaphaphu (LVRS) asetshenziselwa ukususa iphaphu eligulayo, nokufakelwa kwamaphaphu .

Ukucindezeleka kokuthunyelwa komzimba kujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi kulabo abakhuluphele kakhulu, empilweni embi, asebekhulile, noma bebhema.

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Ukudla okunempilo okuphezulu kuma-calories

Ukudla okunempilo kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abaneSigaba IV COPD njengoba lesi sifo sibeka ukucindezeleka okukhulu emzimbeni futhi sishisa ngokugcwele yonke uphethiloli owuthola ekudleni. Njengalokhu, abantu abaneCOPD bazodinga ukwandisa ukudla kwabo nge-caloric , ngokudla okunempilo okucebile kwama-antioxidants nama-phytochemicals.

Ukudla kwesokudla kungaqinisa futhi amasosha omzimba wakho, futhi, ukusiza ukulwa nezifo zesifuba ezivamile kubantu abane-COPD.

> Umthombo

• > I-Global Initiative Yokuvimbela Izifo Zengculazi (GOLD). " Ubufakazi Ekusekeleni Ukwelashwa Nokulondoloza Ukwelashwa ." Umhlahlandlela wePocket ku-COPD Ukuxilongwa, Ukuphathwa, Nokuvimbela: Umhlahlandlela Wezokwelapha Abaqeqeshiwe. 2017: 9-18.