Iziphi I-Vaccines Zitholakala Futhi Ingabe Zilungele Wena?
Abantu bavame ukucabanga ngezingane lapho becabanga ngokugoma. Akukho mbuzo ukuthi imithi ethile yokugoma ihlotshaniswa nabantu abancane, njengalabo besimungumungqungquthela, ama-mumps, i-polio, i-rubella kanye ne-papillomavirus yabantu (HPV). Kodwa-ke, imishanguzo ayiyona nje intsha kuphela. Angasetshenziselwa ukuvimbela izifo njengoba sikhula.
U-Medicare uyaqaphela lokhu futhi uhlanganisa imithi yokugoma lapho esekhulile. Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi yimiphi imigomo etholakala kuwe, nokuthi kungani ungadinga.
1 -
I-Medicare Coverage ye-Flu ShotUmkhuhlane wegazi , u-flu umkhuhlane, ungukutheleleka kwegciwane eliguqula amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu emhlabeni wonke njalo ngezinye izikhathi ngaphezulu. I-fever, izibilini, ukukhanda ikhanda, ukukhwehlela, ubuhlungu bomzimba kanye nama-accle aches zikhombisa izimpawu zesifo nakuba kunezimbonakaliso eziningi. Izinkinga zingahluka ezifweni zendlebe kuze kube pneumonia futhi, ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ukufa. Ngo-2013, iCenter for the Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) yabika abantu abangu-3 697 ukufa eMelika ngenxa yomkhuhlane.
IKomidi Elilulekayo Emisebenzini Yokugoma Ikhuthaza ukuthi noma ubani oneminyaka engaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha igonywe umkhuhlane. Ikhuthazwa ngokukhethekile kubantu abane-asthma, isifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo noma noma ubani one-immune system system. Izimo ezifana nomdlavuza ne-HIV ziwela kulolu hlobo.
Ngakho-ke, i-Medicare ihlanganisa ukugoma komkhuhlane ngesikhathi sonke isikhathi sokuwa-ebusika ngaphansi kweNgxenye B esizuzayo. Inzuzo ngeke ikukhokhe lutho uma udokotela wakho esayine isivumelwano noMedare.
Umgomo ungasetshenziswa njengokudubula noma njenge-spray yangasese, njengegciwane elingasebenzi noma igciwane eliphilayo ngokulandelana. I-CDC isanda kubika ukuthi i-nasal-spray version yomuthi wokugoma ayizange iboniswe ngokwanele ngokumelene nomkhuhlane. Ngenxa yalokho, ngeke isaphakanyiswa kusukela ngo-Juni 2016.
Kwezinye izimo, umgomo wokugoma ophezulu we-dose ungatholakala ukuze unikeze ukuvikelwa okwenyuka kwabakhulile. I-Medicare ihlanganisa lo mgomo. Ungaxoxa ngezinketho ezahlukene nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo bese unquma ukuthi yikuphi ukugoma okusebenza kangcono ngesimo sakho.
2 -
I-Medicare Coverage ye-Pneumonia ShotI-pneumonia yintsholongwane yamaphaphu engabangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane, ngisho nezifungi. Izimpawu zingabandakanya ukushisa, ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula, namazinga aphansi e-oxygen emzimbeni. Ngokwezikhungo zokulawulwa nokuvimbela izifo, kwakukhona ukuhlala esibhedlela okungaphezu kuka-1.1 million ngonyaka wezi-2010 kanti isilinganiso sokuhlala sihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezinhlanu. Kulezi zikhathi zokuhlala esibhedlela, kwaba khona ukufa kwabantu abathathu kubantu abangu-100.
Kwakulokhu kwenzeka ukuthi ukuthola i-pneumonia eyodwa edutshulwa ngemva kweminyaka engama-65 kwakwanele ukugcina izinhlobo ezinonya kakhulu ze-pneumonia. Izincomo zisuke zishintshile ukuze izinhlobo ezihlukene zokugoma zinconywe manje, i-PCV13 ne-PPSV23. Umgomo ngamunye uhlose ama-serotypes ahlukene we-pneumonia pneumococcal futhi ndawonye enza ngcono ukuvikelwa kuma-bacteria. Amagciwane awazange akhiwe ngokumelene nezinye izimbangela ze-pneumonia.
Umhlomulo wakho we-Medicare Part B uhlanganisa kokubili imishanguzo ye-pneumococcal ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-65. I-PCV13 inikwa kuqala nge-PPSV23 enconywe izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kwezingu-12 emva kwalokho. Umgomo ukhululekile uma umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo evumelana noMnyango wezeMpilo we-Medicare's Medicine Fee . Gcina engqondweni, noma kunjalo, ukuthi i-Medicare ikhokha kuphela umthamo owodwa wokugoma. Noma yikuphi ukukhishwa kwesibindi se-pneumonia, ngisho nasinconyweni nodokotela wakho, kuzofika ngezindleko ezengeziwe. Yilokho okwenzekayo ngisho noma unesiguli esinesimo sengqondo samaphaphu esikubeka engozini ephakeme ye-pneumonia.
3 -
I-Medicare Coverage ye-Hepatitis B ShotI-Hepatitis B iyigciwane elihlasela isibindi. Ukuvezwa kwesifo se-hepatitis B kwenzeka uma uxhumana ngqo negazi noma ezinye izikhukhula zomzimba zomuntu onegciwane. Kodwa-ke, akwanele ukuthi uthinte umthamo otheleleke. Umswakama kufanele futhi ungene emzimbeni wakho. Isibonelo, igciwane lingadluliselwa ngokumpontshelwa igazi, amanxeba avulekile, ubulili, nokuzalwa kwesifazane.
I-Hepatitis B ingabangela isifo sobindi esiyingozi, i-cirrhosis, ngisho nomdlavuza wesibindi (i-hepatocellular carcinoma). Amaphesenti angaphezu kwamatshumi amahlanu aseMelika atheleleke nge-hepatitis B. Iningi labantu lizosusa lesi sifo emzimbeni wabo kanti abanye bahlala bengenazo izifo ngesifo esingenasifo. Abanye abantu abane-hepatitis B engapheli bayokuthuthukisa izinkinga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-Medicare Part B ayifuni ukugoma kwe- Hepatitis B kuwo wonke umuntu. Ihlanganisa kuphela labo ababhekwa njengengozini yesifo. Izibonelo zezimiso ezingakwandisa ingozi yakho ye-hepatitis B zibandakanya:
- Isifo sikashukela
- Isifo sokuqeda isiteleka sokuphela (ESRD)
- I-Hemophilia
- I-Hepatitis C
- I-HIV
- Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi
Izisebenzi zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, abantu abasemajele kanye nalabo abahlala ezikhungweni zomphakathi noma emakhaya amaqembu nabo babhekwa njengengozi enkulu yokushisa kwesibindi B.
Uma udokotela wakho evumelana nemigomo ebekwa yi-Medicare , uchungechunge lokugonywa kwe-hepatitis B luzoba mahhala kuwe ngaphansi kwenzuzo yeNgxenye B. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekela impilo ukuze uthole ukuthi ungumuntu ozobhalwa yini uchungechunge oluthathu.
4 -
I-Medicare Coverage ye-Shingles ShotUma unesifo senkukhu , igciwane elibangela ukuthi liphile emzimbeni wakho kuze kube phakade. Uma ungomunye wezinhlanhla, ngeke kuphinde ikukhathaze futhi. Iqiniso lihlala ukuthi umuntu oyedwa kubantu abathathu igciwane liphinde lenziwe kabusha emzimbeni. Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokucindezeleka noma ukugula futhi kungenzeka uma usencane noma omdala. Ukuqhuma okubuhlungu, okuvuthayo noma okuvuthayo okuvela ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba wakho kuyaziwa ngokuthi ama-shingles.
Ama-shingles , njengoba engakhululekile njengoba kungenzeka, ngokuvamile ukugula okuzinqanda. Kodwa-ke, isifo sobuhlungu obuhlala isikhathi eside esiyaziwa ngokuthi i-neuralgia ye-post-herpetic ingakhula. Lokhu kunenkinga kungadambisa kwezinye izimo futhi kunganciphisa izinga lakho lokuphila. Qaphela ukuthi ungahlakulela ama-shingles izikhathi ezingaphezu kweyodwa esikhathini sakho sokuphila.
Ukugonywa kwe-shingles kuye kwaboniswa ukunciphisa ukuqubuka kwesifo kanye nengozi ye- neuralgia yangemva kwesikhathi lapho kuqhuma ama-shingles. Izinhlelo ezithile zeMederal Benevantage noma izinhlelo ze-Part D zingase zihlanganise ukuphathwa kwesikhathi esisodwa kwalesi sifo. Ngeshwa, ngokuvamile ayikhululekile futhi ingadinga ikhophi. Izindleko zangempela zizohluka ngokususelwa ku-formulary yakho ye-drug plan.
5 -
I-Medicare Coverage ye-Tetanus (ne-Pertussis) ShotI-tetanus , ebizwa nangokuthi i-lockjaw, isifo esivela yi-bacteria Clostridium tetani. Akuyona isifo esivamile e-United States kodwa kuthinta abaningi njengabantu abayishumi emhlabeni jikelele. Uma ama-bacteria ewela ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho futhi angene ezinhlobonhlobo ezijulile, kubangele ukuxuba imisipha futhi kungathinta ngisho nemisipha elawula ukuphefumula kwakho. Ezimweni ezimbi, kungaba ukuphila okusongela ukuphila.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi lesi sifo singavinjelwa ngokugoma. Kunconywa uchungechunge lwe- tetanus shots ebuntwaneni, kanti abantu abadala bakhuthazwa ukuba bathole amandla eminyaka eyishumi.
I-Medicare Part B ikhokha amaphesenti angu-100 ezindleko zokugoma i-tetanus ezimweni ezithile. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela kanye / noma i-neuropathy , isibonelo, kungenzeka bangabi nomuzwa omuhle ezinyaweni zabo futhi bangaba nesifo esivulekile esikhumbeni esikwandisa ingozi ye-tetanus. Abanye abantu bangase babe nokulimala okuholela ekugqabeni amanxeba, isibonelo, ukulunywa kwesilwane noma ukuwela esikhwameni.
Uma ufuna ukuthola i-booster tetanus futhi ungenaso isifo noma ukuhlukunyezwa, kuzodingeka uvule uhlelo lwakho lwe- Medicare Advantage noma uhlelo lwe- Part D ukuze uthole ukwaziswa. Kuzobe sekukhokhwa umgomo wokugoma ngokuya ngomuthi wakho we-medication plan.
Okunye okucatshangelwayo ukuvikela ukulwa nokukhwehlela . I-Pertussis ingaba yingozi futhi ingabe isongela izingane ezincane kanye nalabo abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka. Ukugonywa ngokumelene ne-pertussis kuyatholakala kuphela uma kuhlangene nomuthi wokugoma we-tetanus.
I-Tdap (i-tetanus, i-diphtheria, ne-pertussis) idutshulwa ayihlanganiswa ngaphansi kwenzuzo yeNgxenye B futhi ingahle noma ingahlanganiswa nohlelo lwakho lweMedare Advantage noma uhlelo lwe-Part D. Sicela uhlole ifomula yakho yepulani.
Kunconywa ukuba uthole okungenani i-booster eyodwa ye-Tdap njengomuntu omdala futhi ucabange ukugoma okungeziwe ukuze kuvimbele ukusabalalisa i-pertussis kubantu obungozi obathintana naye. Bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe bayalwa ukuba bathole ukugoma kwe-Tdap ku-trimester yesithathu noma ngemuva kokubeletha ukuvikela izingane zabo ezisanda kuzalwa.
Imithombo:
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Ama-Shingles Ukuqapha. http://www.cdc.gov/shingles/surveillance.html. Kubuyekezwe uMeyi 1, 2014. Kufinyeleleke ngomhla ka-16 Meyi, 2016.
Amasevisi we-Medicare neMediicaid Services. Inkokhelo yezinxenye ze-D D ngaphansi kwe-Medicare Drug Benefit (Ingxenye D). https://www.cms.gov/Outreach-and-Education/Medicare-Learning-Network-MLN/MLNMattersArticles/downloads/SE0678.pdf. Kufinyelelwe ngomhla ka-15 Meyi, 2016.
I-Hepatitis B Foundation. Izibalo. http://www.hepb.org/hepb/statistics.htm. Ibuyekezwe ngoJanuwari 15, 2016. Ifinyeleleke ngomhla ka-16 Meyi, 2016.
Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sezibalo Zempilo. FastFacts: Influenza. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/flu.htm. Kubuyekezwe ngo-Apreli 27, 2016. Kufinyeleleke ngomhla ka-16 Meyi, 2016.
Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sezibalo Zempilo. FastFacts: Pneumonia. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/pneumonia.htm. Kubuyekezwe u-Okthoba 7, 2015. Kufinyelelwe ngomhla ka-16 Meyi, 2016.