Izimpawu ezingaba izimpawu zokuxwayisa zokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi zingase zishaye indiva ngoba abesifazane abaningi abazi ukuthi bangengozini.
Izimpawu zihlanganisa izifo zesilonda ezivame ukuphindaphindiwe (izifo zangasese zangasese ), izifo ezivuthayo , izinguquko ezingavamile noma i- dysplasia (ukukhula nokutholakala kwamangqamuzana angenaziqhumane) ezinxenyeni zomlomo wesibeletho, izilonda zobulili, nezilonda zomzimba.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo ze-herpes mucosal zingase zihambisane nokutheleleka nge-HIV kwabesifazane.
Kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu oleleke nge-HIV angabonisi izimpawu zokutheleleka. Kwabesifazane, izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zokutholakala kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi zifolakala njalo ngezifo zesisu, izifo ezijwayelekile ze- PAP smears noma ukutheleleka kwe-pelvic (PID) okunzima ukuphatha.
Kungakapheli amasonto ambalwa ukuthi unegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, abantu abaningi banampawu ezifana nokukhukhuka. Nokho, kwezinye izimo, izimpawu azibonisi iminyaka eminingi. Njengoba ukutheleleka kuqhubekela phambili, ezinye izimpawu zingabandakanya izilonda ze-lymph ezivuvukile entanyeni, ngaphansi kwe-underarm, noma endaweni yokugaya; imfiva ephindaphindiwe-kuhlanganise "ukukhupha ebusuku; ukulahleka kwesisindo ngokushesha ngenxa yesizathu esicacile; ukukhathala okuqhubekayo; ukuhuda nokunciphisa ukudla; noma izindawo ezimhlophe noma izicabha ezingavamile emlonyeni.
Ukunciphisa Izimo Zokungavumelani Ne-HIV
Njengoba abesifazane beyingxenye ekhula kakhulu kunazo zonke zabantu abane-HIV e-United States, ukuvimbela i-AIDS kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yabesifazane.
I-HIV idluliselwa ngokufihla emzimbeni, njengegazi kanye negazi.
Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa zokujola, ukulala ocansini okungavumelekile nomuntu osebenzise izidakamizwa zokujova, ukulala nobulili obuvikelekile nomuntu oye walala nesinye indoda futhi abe nabalingani abaningi bobulili banyuse amathuba okuthola i-HIV. Ngokusho kwe-FDA, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela nge-HIV ukugwema ukulala ngokocansi nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni.
Uma ulala naye, qiniseka ukuthi unomlingani owodwa ongathintekile noma ukuthi usebenzisa izindlela ezifanele zokuvimbela izikhondomu kanye namadamu wamazinyo.
Ukwelapha
Njengamanje, ayikho ikhambi elaziwa le-HIV / AIDS. Ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu okwamanje kubonakala sengathi kuyinto kadokotela "cocktails" noma inhlanganisela yemithi kadokotela. Lezi mithi zihlanganisa lezo zokwelashwa kwe-antiviral nezinye izidakamizwa, njenge-antitifungals ngomlomo ukulwa nezifo zesimvu , ezilwa nezifo ezisebenzisa ngokunempilo impendulo ye-immune ebuthakathaka yabantu abane-HIV.
Kubalulekile futhi abesifazane abathintekayo ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kanye nodokotela babo ukuba babheke izifo ezivuthayo zesikhumba noma amanye ama-STD ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa. Ngokufanayo, umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ungase uvame kakhulu futhi uqhubekele phambili ngokushesha kwabesifazane abathintekayo; Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abesifazane abane-HIV kufanele babe ne-Pap smears kabili ngonyaka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umdlavuza uthola futhi uphathwe kusenesikhathi.
Izinzuzo Zokucwaninga
Abambalwa kakhulu abesifazane abane-HIV bahlanganisiwe ekufundeni kwasekuqaleni kwalesi sifo, kodwa ngo-1994, abesifazane babenezingxenye ezingu-18 zabantu ababambe iqhaza emkhakheni we-AIDS Clinical Trials of the National Institute of Ebola and Infectious Disease. Izifundo zigxila ezimpawu zokwelapha zokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kwabesifazane kanye nobuhlobo phakathi kokukhulelwa ne-HIV.
Abacwaningi baphenya "izindlela ezilawulwa yizinsikazi" zokuvikela ngokuthuthukisa ama-creams noma ama-gels abesifazane abangasebenzisa ngaphambi kocansi ukuzivikela e-HIV nakwezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi . Ayikho ubufakazi obuqinekile bokusebenza kwefilimu yokukhulelwa njengethuluzi lokuvimbela i-HIV.
Ukuthutha
Ingabe igciwane lesandulela ngculazi lidluliselwa kumatus?
Iningi lezingane ezithwele abesifazane abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi libalekela leli gciwane, kepha oyedwa kwabangu-4 aba nesandulela ngculaza ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokuzalwa noma ngokuncelisa , nakuba kungekho muntu oqinisekile uma ukudluliswa kwamagciwane kwenzeka.
Ukudluliswa kungabuye kuhlotshaniswe nempilo kamama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ukuzalwa.
Kukhona ama-virus amaningi ngesikhathi sokuqala kwe-AIDS kunasekuqaleni, isibonelo. Njengamanje, odokotela bangase banikeze i- Retrovir (AZT) yezidakamizwa besifazane abakhulelwe abanegciwane ukunciphisa izinga lokudluliselwa; ukuphumelela kwalokhu ukwelashwa kwandisa i-HIV yangaphambili itholakale ngesikhathi sokutheleleka noma ngaphambi noma emva kokukhulelwa.
Ingabe i-HIV ingadluliselwa ngezocansi zomlomo?
Yebo, kungenzeka. I-HIV ingadluliselwa ngokushintshaniswa kwamanzi kagesi (isb. Igazi, isisindo, amathe, kanye nokuvinjelwa kwesifazane). I-HIV ingenakwenzeka ngezo zonke izinhlobo zobulili (ngomlomo, ngesisu nangesilwane) lapho omunye noma bobabili abalingani begcikwane ne-HIV.
Ukulala ngocansi ngaphandle kwe-latex ikhondomu ezindaweni ozibeka engozini yokuvezwa kwe-HIV. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba u-ejaculation uketshezi ungathwala i-HIV futhi ungangena emanzini amancane omlomo omncane. Isikhungo Sokulawula Izifo (CDC) sincoma ukuthi ngesikhathi sezocansi zomlomo, ikhondomu ye-latex kufanele isetshenziselwe ukunciphisa ingozi yokuchayeka.
Ukuhlola Okuhle
Isikhathi samawindi yisikhathi sokulinda esinconywayo sokuthola umphumela oqondile we-HIV wokuhlolwa. Ngokuvamile, kuyisonto eliyisithupha ukuya enyangeni yenyanga eyisithupha kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhlangana kwakho kokugcina kocansi okungaphephile okwamanje lapho uthola ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV. Lesi yisikhathi lapho umzimba wakho usebenzise khona ukudala ama-antibodies egazini legazi, okukhombisa ukutholakala kwe-HIV. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-seroconversion.
Kubalulekile lapho uthola ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV ukubuza ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlolwa olusetshenziswayo. Noma nini uma umuntu ehlolwa nge-HIV, izinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlolwa zisetshenziswa. Ziyi, 1) ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo, futhi 2) ukuhlolwa okuqinisekisayo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV okusebenzayo kubonisa ukuthi ngabe ama-antibodies e-HIV asegazini (njenge-Elisa Test).
Ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo kungahle kunikeze ukufundiswa okungamanga kunoma ubani onensolo noma ukwehluleka kwenqunu, kumfazi oye wakhulelwa ngokuphindaphindiwe, noma ubani othola umgomo wokugonywa, noma kunoma ubani othole i-gamma globulin. Uma ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo kunomphumela omuhle, lokho kusho ukuthi akukho-antibodies e-HIV atholakele.
Ukuze uthole ukufundwa okunembile, i-CDC itusa ukuba ulinde isikhathi esithile sewindi: amasonto ayisithupha kuya ezinyangeni eziyisithupha futhi ubaleke kuzo zonke izenzo zobulili noma usebenzise ubulili obuphephile kuzo zonke izimo zocansi bese uthola ukuhlolwa okuqinisekisayo, njenge-Western Blot Ukuhlolwa.
Isivivinyo sokuqinisekisa (njenge-Western Blot) sinikeza isimo se-HIV somuntu. Umphumela omuhle wokuhlolwa ovivinyweni oluqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu usulelekile nge-HIV, unama-antibodies e-HIV egazini lakhe futhi angakwazi ukuthelela abanye.
Ukuba ne-HIV akusho ukuthi umuntu uthola i-immunodeficiency syndrome (i-AIDS) noma ukuthi amaphesenti angu-100 aqinisekisiwe ukuthi lowo muntu uzothola i-AIDS, nakuba ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeke.
Izingozi kumaLesbi
I-HIV igciwane ngaphandle kokuthandwa kobulili, ubulili, ubuhlanga noma isigaba. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi umbhangqwana unamabhinqa amabili, akukho nhlobo engagwenywa yi-HIV.
I-HIV ingadluliselwa lapho igazi elinegciwane noma izicabha zangasese zihlangana nomzimba wesifazane, umlomo noma ukusikeka okuvulekile noma kuphi emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uma uthintana nomzimba ukumboza isandla ngeglovu ye-latex.
Akukho okumele kufakwe ngqo ngaphakathi kwesiswini noma eduze kwendawo yesisu noma i-anus ngemuva kokuthi kusetshenziswe owesifazane wesifazane. Lokhu kungasakazeka ukutheleleka kwesisu nangama-STD.
Ukulala ngomlomo phakathi kwama-lesbians kungase kube yingozi ngenxa yokudluliswa kwe-HIV. Ibhodlela lamazinyo , iglavu ye-latex, noma ikhondomu inconywa njengezinyathelo zokuphepha okufanele zisetshenziswe ngesikhathi sobulili obulilili ukuze kuvikelwe bobabili abathintekayo.
Ishintshwe eHhovisi leMpilo yabesifazane eMnyangweni WezeMpilo kanye Nezisebenzi Zabantu.