Ukuqonda Indlela I-COPD Ethuthukisa Ngayo Futhi Ethinta Izakhi Zakho Zomlilo
Isifo se-Chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD) i-pathophysiology igama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza izinguquko zokusebenza ezenzeka emaphashini ngenxa yenqubo yesifo. Ukuze uqonde kangcono amaphaphu okungajwayelekile okukhona ku-COPD, funda mayelana nokusebenza kwamaphaphu evamile.
Indlela Amapayipi Asebenza Ngayo Asebenza Ngayo
Isigxobo sesifuba sinamaphaphu amabili: enye ngakwesokudla kwesifuba nesinye ngakwesobunxele.
Amaphaphu ngalinye akhiwa izingxenye ezahlukene ezibizwa ngokuthi i-lobes. Iphaphu elilungile linama-lobes amathathu; kwesokunxele kuphela ezimbili. I-lobe ngayinye ihlukaniswe ngokuphindaphindiwe ibe izingxenye nama-lobules. Isikhala phakathi kwamaphaphu aqukethe inhliziyo, izitsha ezinkulu, kanye ne-opopus kuthiwa yi- mediastinum . Iqoqo lamatayipi, noma umoya ohamba emoyeni, linikeza oksijeni esigabeni ngasinye samaphaphu.
Njengoba uphefumulela, umoya ungena ohlelweni lwakho lokuphefumula ngokusebenzisa izibilini zakho. Ibuye idlule nasopharynx (indawo yomphimbo ngemuva kwempumu) kanye ne-oropharynx (indawo yomphimbo ngemuva komlomo). Lezi zakhiwo zakha ama-airways aphezulu, ahlanganiswe ne-mucosa eciliated. Lokhu kuluhlaka oluvikelayo olunomsoco oluqukethe izinwele ezincane ezinjengezinwele ezisiza ukufudumala nokucwilisa oksijeni ehoxisiwe futhi kusize ekukhipheni izinhlayiya zangaphandle kanye nomswakama owedlule.
Umoya uqhubeka ngokusebenzisa i-larynx (ibhokisi lezwi)-isakhiwo esihlanganisa ukuhamba kwemikhumbi engenhla-ephansi bese uhamba phansi nge-trachea (i-windpipe), ehlanganisa i-larynx ne-bronchi.
I-bronchi yimizila emikhulu yamaphaphu aphelela emigwaqweni encane ebizwa nge-bronchioles. Kanye ndawonye, i-bronchi ne-bronchioles yakha umuthi oshisayo. I-bronchioles iphela emidayeni ye-alveolar, eholele ezitokisini ze-alveolar ezakhiwe izigidi ze-alveoli. I-alveoli yizona zakhiwo ezinkulu zokuguqula igesi emaphashini, lapho kuphuma khona oksijeni engena egazini nasekhabheni dioxide .
Zonke lezi zakhiwo zisebenza ndawonye njengendlela yokuphefumula .
Inhloso yamaLungulu
Amapayipi ayenziwe nge-spongy, fibers elastic evumela ukuba baswe futhi baqine lapho siphefumula ngaphakathi nangaphandle, ngokulandelana. Inhloso yemaphaphu iphindwe kabili: ukuhambisa i-oxygen (O2) emangqamuzaneni nasezicubu zomzimba nokukhipha i-carbon dioxide (CO2), umonakalo wokuphefumula, egazini. I-oksijeni, isakhi somzimba esibaluleke kunazo zonke, isiza umzimba wakho ukuguqula ukudla odla kuwo amandla futhi, okufana nokuqothulwa kwemoto, i-CO2 isuswe emzimbeni wakho njalo uma uphuma.
Ukuqonda i-COPD Pathophysiology
I-COPD iboniswa ukukhawulelwa kwe-airflow okungaphenduki kahle. Ukwehliswa okungapheli kokubhema ugwayi kuyisisusa esisodwa saleso sifo , kodwa ukuvezwa okuphindaphindiwe kumusi wesimanga , ukungcoliswa komoya , nokutholakala komsebenzi (ukushisa amalahle, ukotini, okusanhlamvu) nakho kubalulekile izinto eziyingozi .
Ukuvuvukala okungapheli kubambe iqhaza elikhulu ekukhuleni kwe-COPD. Ukubhema nezinye izimo ezivunguzayo zomoya zenza i-neutrophils, i-T-lymphocytes, namanye amaseli avuthayo ukuze aqoqe emoyeni. Uma kusebenziwe, baqala impendulo yokuvuvukala lapho i-molecule ye-influx, eyaziwa njengabaxhumanisi abavuvukalayo, isondela esiteshini ngomzamo wokubhubhisa nokususa ama-debris angaphandle akhulisiwe.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, impendulo yokuvuvukala iyasiza futhi iholela ekuphulukisweni. Empeleni, ngaphandle kwalo, umzimba awusoze wabuyela ekulimazeni. Ku-COPD, ukuvezwa ngokuphindaphindiwe kokucasuka kwamanzi kuyaqhubeka nokuphendula okuqhubekayo okuvuvukala okungakaze kubonakale kuvaliwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le nqubo idala izinguquko zesakhiwo nezomzimba eziphuthumayo .
Njengoba ukuvuvukala kuyaqhubeka, ukuhamba kwemikhumbi yomoya, kuba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ivimba. Lokhu kuholela ekhiqizweni kwe-mucus ngokweqile kanye nokusebenza okungalungile kwe-cilia-inhlanganisela eyenza imvume yezindiza inzima kakhulu.
Lapho abantu abane-COPD bengakwazi ukusula izimfihlo zabo, bahlakulela izimpawu eziphawulekayo ze-COPD , kuhlanganise nokukhwehlela okungapheli okukhiqizayo , ukukhwehlela , kanye ne- dyspnea. Okokugcina, ukwakheka kwe-mucus kudonsela ama-bacteria amaningi asebenzayo futhi athuthuke endaweni efudumayo, enomanzi ye-airway namaphaphu. Umphumela wokuphela ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo, ukwakheka kwe-diverticula (ama-sacs like-bags) esihlahleni sobuhlungu, kanye nokutheleleka kwe-bacterial lung , imbangela evamile ye- COPD yokukhushulwa .
Ukwelashwa kwe-COPD
Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa kwe- COPD , kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiliphi uhlobo lwe-COPD, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila , ukunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo, ukulawula izimpawu ze-COPD, nokuvimbela ukuqhuma kwe-COPD.
Asikho esinye isici esithwala isisindo esikhulu ekunciphiseni ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-COPD kunokuqeda ukubhema . Ezinye izinketho zokwelapha zihlanganisa ama-antibiotics (kulabo abanegunya lokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya), ama- bronchodilators , ama-corticosteroids, i-aerosol therapy, ukuvuselelwa kwe-pulmonary , i- oxygen therapy (iziguli ezinobuthi ), ama- flu shots , futhi kulabo ababhekene ne-COPD yokuphela ukuhlangabezana nezinqubo ezithile, ukungenela okuhlinzayo .
Umthombo:
> I-COPD. I-National Heart, Lung, ne-Blood Institute. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/copd.