Izinguquko ze-Lung In COPD Ebhekene Nokukhathazeka Kwezinkinga Zempawu
I-COPD isifo sesifo samaphaphu esivimbela ukuphazamiseka kwe-airflow engaphenduki ngokugcwele. Ebangelwa ikakhulukazi ukuvezwa kwesikhashana ezinyangeni ezibangelwa umoya, inqubo yesifo ibangele izinguquko eziningi ezihlukene kakhulu, izifo ze-physiologic kanye nezakhiwo zamaphaphu ezithinta izimo ezihlukahlukene zezimpawu ze-COPD . Ake sihlolisise emine yalezo zinguquko zamaphaphu.
Ukukhawulelwa kwe-Airflow
Ukwehliswa kwesikhashana kwindlela yokucasula umoya, njengokubhema ugwayi nokungcola komoya , kubangela ukuthi umoya omoya uphefumule futhi uvuthe, uvimbele ukuhamba kwe-air kuya nasemaphashini. Le nqubo, ebizwa ngokuthi ukuncipha kwe-air, iqhubeka iqhubeka kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma kuvezwa ukucasula okuqhubekayo.
Ukukhawulelwa kwe-Airflow ngokuqondile kuhambelana nokuncipha komsebenzi wamaphaphu obonwe ku-COPD njengoba kulinganiswa nge- spirometry . Ukukhungatheka kwe-airflow okukhulu, ukwehlisa i- FEV1 ne- FEV1 / FVC , amanani amabili okugxila ekuxilongweni kwezifo eziphazamisayo nezivimbela amaphaphu .
Ukuqoqwa kwe-Air
Ukuvinjelwa kwamandla omoya kubangela umoya ogcwele ukuba ubanjwe ngaphakathi kwamapayipi ngesikhathi sokukhipha umoya. Njenga-balloon engaphezu kwamandla, ukubamba umoya kudala i- hyperinflation yamapayipi , okwenza lokho kube nomkhawulo womoya umuntu angakwazi ukuwuvula. Njengoba ukuqhutshwa kwemimoya kuqhubekela phambili, umthamo womoya ushiywe emaphashini emva kokuphuma kwamanzi okuvamile ( amandla okusalalisa ukusebenza ) ukwanda, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuvivinya umzimba.
Lesi sizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi abantu abaneCOPD bafinyeleleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca futhi banokunciphisa amandla okubekezelela umsebenzi okhuni.
Ukungahambi kahle kwe-Gas Exchange
Okujulile emaphashini kukhona ama- alveoli , amaqoqo amancane amagilebhisi lapho kukhona ukushintshaniswa kwegesi. Umoya ophefumulayo uqukethe umoya-mpilo; I-air exhaled iqukethe i-carbon dioxide, imfucuza yokuphefumula.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, i-oksijeni iyancipha futhi ihamba phansi iphefumula kuya emaphashini ize ifinyelele ku-alveoli. Ngesinye isikhathi e-alveoli, ihlukanisa phakathi kwegazi lapho igeleza khona emzimbeni ukondla zonke izitho ezibalulekile. Kanti, i-carbon dioxide ethathwe yi-blood exchanges ne-oksijeni, ihlukana ngokuphindaphindiwe e-alveoli, emaphashini nasendaweni yokuphefumula lapho ekugcineni igudluzwa njenge-waste. Emaphaphu aphilile, ukushintshaniswa kwe-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide kulinganisela; Ku-COPD, akunjalo. Ukwehliswa okuphindaphindiwe kwesenzo esiyingozi kuyabulala i-alveoli, kuphazamise inqubo yokushintshaniswa kwegesi. Lokhu kuvame ukuholela ku- hypoxemia ne- hypercapnia , kokubili ejwayelekile kakhulu ku-COPD. Njengoba lesi sifo sithuthuka, ukukhubazeka kwe-gas exchange ngokuvamile kukhula, okuholela ekutheni kube nezimpawu ezimbi , ukukhubazeka, nokugula okukhulu.
Ukukhiqiza okuningi kweMucus
Ukukhishwa ngokweqile kwe-mucus kunomthelela ekunciphiseni kwe-airway, ukuvimbela umoya, ukukhwehlela okukhiqizayo nokuphefumula okuyisici seCOPD. Iphinde ibambe indima ebalulekile ekuvameni nasebudeni bama-bacterial lung infections.
I-Mucus iyisisindo esinamathengi esakhiwe ngamaseli e-goblet namaseli angenangqamuzana ezingqungquthela ze-submucosal.
Emaphashini anempilo, amangqamuzana e-goblet amaningi kakhulu e-bronchi enkulu, ehla ngenombolo njengoba efinyelela ezincane ze-bronchioles. Izigulane ezingaphansi kwezimoto zikhawulelwe ezinkampanini ezindiza emoyeni, kodwa ziba zikhulu kakhulu njengoba iminyango yomoya imincane, isinyamalala ngokuphelele kwi-bronchioles. Ngokuvamile, imisebenzi ye-mucus iyindlela evikelayo yokusiza ukugcoba amaphaphu nokuqeda izindiza zomoya wangaphandle. Ku-COPD, ukukhiqizwa kwe-mucus , okuningi-noma-kancane, kuvukela ngokwakho.
Lapho amaphaphu eqhubeka ehlaselwa ukuthukuthela kwamabhayisikili, amangqamuzana e-goblet akhuphuka kwinombolo kanye nezinhlayiya ezingaphansi kwamandla. Ngokwengcebo, ziba denser ezincane ezindiza emoyeni, ngaphandle kuka-cell-like cilia amangqamuzana asemsizeni asiza umucu ocacile emaphashini.
Uma ukukhiqizwa kwe-mucus kungena ekudleni okungekho emgwaqweni futhi kungabonakali kahle, ukuqhuma komkhumbi kuqala ukuhlanganisa amanzi emoyeni, kudala ukuvimbela kanye nomhlabathi ophelele wokuzalanisa amabhaktheriya ukuba athuluke. Njengoba amabhaktheriya ekhula ngenombolo, ukutheleleka kwe- bacterial lung lungenzeka ngokuvamile kulandelwa ukukhushulwa kwe-COPD .
Yini Ongayenza?
Isici esibaluleke kunazozonke zokwelashwa kwe- COPD ukuyeka ukubhema . Ukuyeka ukubhema kunganciphisa kakhulu ukuphuka komsebenzi wamaphaphu okuzobe kubi kakhulu uma ukubhema kuqhubeka.
Uma ungabhemi , qiniseka ukuthi ugweme, noma okungenani ubeke umkhawulo, ukuvezwa kuzo zonke izinkomba zomoya. Lokhu kubandakanya ukubhema komuntu oyedwa , ukungcoliswa komoya, namakhemikhali asebenza kanzima emsebenzini.
Ukuvimbela ukukhushulwa kwe-COPD kubalulekile nokuphathwa kwansuku zonke kwe-COPD. Iningi leziguli lithatha indima indima yazo kulokhu, kodwa uma kuthathwa, izinyathelo zokuvimbela zisiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokukhushulwa nokugcina iziguli zingahambi esibhedlela.
Uma ungakaze utholakale ukuthi une-COPD futhi uthola izimpawu, bheka udokotela wakho ukuze avivinye i-spirometry . Ukuxilongwa kokuqala kwe-COPD kuholela ekwelapheni kwangaphambili kanye nemiphumela engcono kakhulu kulabo abakha lesi sifo.
Imithombo:
Izindlela Zomhlaba Wonke Zokuthola Ukuxilongwa, Ukuphathwa Nokuvimbela Izifo Zengculazi Ezithathelwanayo. I-Global Initiative Yokuvimbela Izifo Zengculaza. Kubuyekezwe ngo-2011.
Kuzo, uToby J., no-Broadley, uKenneth J. Goblet Cell Hyperplasia, i-Airway Function, ne-Leukocyte Infiltration emva kwePopopolysaccharide Chronic Chronic Exposure in Conscious Guinea Izingulube: Imiphumela yeRoprpram neDexamethasone. JPET 302: 814-821, 2002.