I-allergen kuya kokudla kwezidakamizwa
Ukuncelisa ukugaya ukudla yiyona ndlela evame kakhulu yokudla kwezingane, futhi yiyona eyesibili yokudla okunzima kakhulu kubantu abadala. Isilinganiso sobisi obuthakathaka, okufana nezinye izifo zokudla, kubonakala sengathi sikhula , futhi kuthinta okungenani u-3% wazo zonke izingane. Nakuba kungavamile ukuba izingane zikhuphule ubisi babo bokungezwani komzimba, ngezinye izikhathi zisencane kakhulu, ubisi bokuphuza ubisi lungaphelela ekubeni umuntu omdala ngisho nokugcina isikhathi eside.
Izimbangela
Ubisi lwezinyosi luqukethe izifo eziningi, ezivame ukungena ngaphansi kwe-casein ne-whey izingxenye. Izingxenye zesondo zihlanganisa i-alpha ne-beta-lactoglobulins, kanye ne-immunoglobulin ye-bovine. Izingxenye ze-casein zihlanganisa izingxenye ze-alpha ne-beta-casin. Amagciwane amakhemikhali e-lactoglobulin avame ukuphuma kalula yizingane, kuyilapho izidakamizwa ezingxenyeni ze-casein zivame ukuphikelela ekukhuleni noma ekukhuleni.
Ezinganeni nasezikhungweni ezikhungethwe izifo ezithathelwanayo, umzimba uveza ama-antibodies aphikisayo ngokumelene nezilonda ezihlukahlukene zobisi. Lezi zinselo zamagciwane ezibophayo zibopha amangqamuzana ahlanzekile emzimbeni, abizwa ngokuthi izingcingo zamasite nama- basophils . Lapho ubisi noma imikhiqizo yobisi idliwe, lezi zinselo zamagciwane ezibophayo zibopha amaprotheni obisi, okwenza amangqamuzana ahlaselwe ukukhipha i- histamine namanye amakhemikhali okwephuza. Lezi zimakhemikhali ezigulayo zithwale izimpawu zokugula ezivela.
Izimpawu
Izimpawu zobisi ukungezwani komzimba zingashintsha umuntu ngamunye. Esikhathini esidlule, uketshezi olunobisi ngokuvamile lubangelwa izimpawu zesikhumba ezinjenge- urticaria (ama-hives), i-angioedema (ukuvuvukala) , i- pruritus (itching) , i- atopic dermatitis (eczema) noma ezinye iziqhumane zesikhumba. Ezinye izimpawu zingase zibandakanye umshini wokuphefumula ( izimpawu zesifo sofuba , izimpawu zokuphuza izifo ), isisu (izinambuzane, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo), ngisho ne- anaphylaxis .
Lezi zimpawu zakudala zobisi ezibangelwa ubisi zibangelwa ukutholakala kwe-antibody, futhi kuthiwa "yi-IgE mediated".
Ubisi bokungaboni kahle okubangelwa yi-antibodies e-allergen, okubhekwa ngokuthi "okungezona-IgE okuxhunyanisiwe," nakho kungenzeka. Lezi zindlela zokuphendula zisalokhu zibangelwa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, ngokungafani nokuphendula okungabangelwa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, njengokungabekezelelani kwe- lactose . Lezi zinhlobo zokungabi nabisi ezingekho ngaphansi kwe-IgE ezibandakanya ubisi zihlanganisa ukungena kwe- protein-produced- protein-protein (i-FPIES) , i- proctitis yokudla kwamaprotheni, i- eosinophilic esophagitis (i-EoE; okungase ibe i-IgE-mediated) ne- Heiner syndrome .
Ukuxilongwa
Ukusabela kwe-IgE-mediated ubisi ngokuvamile kuhlolwe ukuthi kunesimo sokuvivinya umzimba , okungenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba noma ngokubonisa igE ngokumelene nobisi lweprotheyini egazini. Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kuyindlela enembile kunazo zonke yokuthola uketshezi lwesibisi, nakuba ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi nini futhi uma umuntu engase angene ubisi bokungezwani komzimba.
Ukuthola ukubhekwa kokungabi namagciwane okungahambisani nobisi kunzima kakhulu ukwenza, futhi ukuhlolwa kokunciphisa umzimba akusizi. Ngokuvamile, ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokusekelwe ezimpawu kanye nokuntuleka kwama-antibodies okweqile. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlolwa kwe-patch kungaba usizo ekutholeni ama-FPIES no-EoE, futhi ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwamagciwane okugciwane ase- IgG asetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-Heiner syndrome.
Ukwelapha
Ukuphela kokwelashwa okwedlula zonke ubisi bokungabi naso ubisi okwamanje kuwukugwema ubisi nemikhiqizo yobisi. I-Oral immunotherapy (i-OIT) yobisi yokungezwani komzimba okwamanje ifundiswa kumayunivesithi asezokwelapha emhlabeni jikelele, ngemiphumela ethembisayo. I-OIT ihilela ukunikeza amancane amancane amaprotheni omlomo ngomlomo kubantu abanobisi bokungaboni, futhi kancane kancane ukwandisa inani lemali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuvame ukuholela kumuntu okwazi ukubekezelela inani eliningi lamaprotheni ngaphezu kwesikhathi. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi i-OIT yobisi obuthakathaka ubisi ingaba yingozi kakhulu, yenziwa kuphela kwizilungiselelo zaseyunivesithi ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezempilo eseduze.
I-OIT yobisi yokungezwani komzimba kungenzeka kube iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokuba yenziwe yi-allergenist yangakini.
Funda indlela yokulandela ukudla okungenalo ubisi .
Ukuvame Ukukhipha Ubisi Ukudla Okungavamile?
Izingane eziningi ekugcineni zizokhipha umthamo wazo wobisi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezingezona ukungezwani komzimba okungezona-IgE. Kulabo abane-milk-resistant milk-interactive milk, kungase kwenzeke ngokushesha njengoba kucatshangwa ngaphambili. Ucwaningo oludala lwaphakamisa ukuthi ama-80% wezingane aphuma ubisi ukungezwani komzimba ngaminyaka emihlanu; Ucwaningo lwamuva olwenziwe ngenani elikhudlwana lezingane lisikisela ukuthi izingane ezingaba ngu-80% zenza ubisi obuthakathaka obuningi - kodwa hhayi kuze kube usuku lokuzalwa lwangama-16.
Ukulinganisa inani le-antibody eliqeda uketshezi lingasiza ukubikezela ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi umuntu angenele ubisi obuthakathaka obisi. Uma i-anti-antiergic ebusweni ingaphansi kwezinga elithile, i-allergenist ingancoma ukwenza inselelo yokudla ngomlomo ebisi ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezokwelapha. Lena yindlela ephephile kuphela yokubona ngempela ukuthi umuntu usele ubisi obuthakathaka obuthakathaka.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokudlulela kokudla kokudla.
Imithombo:
Fiocchi A, Schunemann HJ, Brozek J, et al. Ukuxilongwa Nokulingana Kwezenzo Zokulwa Nokuncelisa Ubisi (i-DRACMA): Umbiko Wokufingqa. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010; 126: 1119-28.
I-Skripak JM, Matsui EC, i-Mudd K, i-Wood RA. Umlando Wezemvelo Wokwelashwa Kwemiksi Yama-IgE-Mediated's Milk. 2007; 120: 1172-7.