Ukulala Kwama-apnea, Ukuqwashisa, Ukuhlukumezeka, Izindwangu ezingapheli, nokuningi
Izimo eziningi zezokwelapha zingabangela ukuphazanyiswa kokulala, noma ukulala ngokweqile kokulala kwansuku zonke, futhi kuthiwa yizifo zokulala. Ukuphazamiseka kokulala kufaka phakathi ukupholisa, ukulala, ukulala, ukulala, ukuziphatha kokulala okubizwa ngokuthi i-parasomnias, imilenze yezinyawo ezingenakuphumula, ukuphazamiseka kwe-circadian, i-narcolepsy, nabanye. Lezi zingabangelwa izici zomzimba noma zengqondo.
Ezinye zezinkinga ezivame kakhulu zokulala zihlanganisa:
Ukunqoba nokulala kwe- Apnea
Ukunqoba kungase kubonakale kungenangqondo, kodwa kungase kubhekane nobunzima bokugcina umlomo uvulekile ngenkathi umuntu elele. Umngane wakhe obaluleke kakhulu, i- apnea yokulala , yisifo esingelapheki lapho umuntu othintekayo eyeka ukuphefumula ngokuphindaphindiwe ngesikhathi sokulala. Lezi ziqephu zigcina imizuzwana engu-10 noma ngaphezulu futhi zibangela amazinga e-oxygen egazini ukuwa noma ukuvusa kusuka ebuthongweni. Kungabangelwa ukuvinjelwa kwe-airway engenhla, okubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kokuphefumula kokulala, noma ukwehluleka kobuchopho ukuqala umoya, okubizwa ngokuthi i- central apnea yokulala . Kungabangela futhi kube nzima nezinye izimo zezokwelapha , kuhlanganise nokucindezeleka, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, nesifo sikashukela futhi kuholele emithweni enzima njengokuhlasela kwenhliziyo, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ukushaywa umoya, nokufa okungazelelwe. Ngenhlanhla, kukhona ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo.
Ukungalali
Ukuqwashisa ukungakwazi ukuthola ukulala ngokwanele ukulala ukuze uzizwe uphumule futhi kungabhekana nobunzima bokuwa noma ukulala.
Iningi labantu abanokuqwashisa lichitha imizuzu engaphezu kwengu-20 kuya kwezingama-30 ilele noma ibuyele ebusuku. Uma lokhu kwenzeka okungenani ubusuku obubusuku obungama-3 ngesonto, futhi kuqhubeka okungenani izinyanga ezingu-3, kubizwa ngokuthi ukulala okungapheli. Ukungaboni kahle yisifo esivame kakhulu sokulala, okuthinta amaphesenti angaba ngu-10 abantu abadala, abanezimbangela eziningi ezingabangela.
Enye yezinhlobo ezincane ukuleleka okukhulu , okugcina izinyanga ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu, futhi uhlobo oluyinqaba olugijima emindenini lungase lubulawe. Ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kuhlanganisa ukwelashwa kokuziphatha okungaqondakali kokulala (CBTI) nokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kwamaphilisi okulala .
I-Parasomnias
Kusho okushiwo isiLatini "nxazonke zokulala," i-parasomnias yizinkinga zokulala ezivezwe ukuziphatha okungavamile kokuziphatha. I-Parasomnias ihilela ukukhubazeka okungaqondakali, okuyimigomo enenjongo nenhloso-okuqondiswayo okusho noma ukubaluleka kumuntu ngamunye. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuphazamiseka kokulala , ukulala , ukulala ngokulala , ukulala ngokobulili, ukunyakaza okusheshayo kwamehlo (REM) ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo , noma noma iyiphi inqubo yokuziphatha okungenzeka lapho umuntu elele. Isizathu esiyinhloko singase sibe nesinye isimo sokulala, ezifana nesifo sokulala, futhi ukwelashwa kungase kuhlanganise nokuqapha kokuphepha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithi efana ne- melatonin noma i-clonazepam.
Ukukhubazeka kokulala
Ukulala ukukhubazeka kungasabisa ! Kubonakala ukungakwazi ukuhamba ngenkathi kuguquka kusuka ebuthongweni kuze kuvuke, njengokuthi ulele noma uvuka. Kungase kusabe njengoba omunye angase abonakale evukile, kodwa akakwazi ukuhamba. Kukhona izikhathi eziningi ezihlotshaniswayo. Kuvamile, kuthinta amaphesenti angaba ngu-25 abantu abavamile okungenani kanye, kodwa futhi kungase kube uphawu lwezinkinga zokuhlukumezeka.
Ukuqinisekiswa kungase kube usizo futhi kungavamile ukuthi imithi yokucindezeleka eyenziwe ukunciphisa ukuvama kweziqephu.
I-Restless Legs Syndrome
Imilenze yesifo esingenalutho isifo esiyinkimbinkimbi yezinzwa ezithinta imizwa engathandeki emilenzeni ehambisana nesidingo sokuhambisa. Lezi zinkinga zingabandakanya ama-aches, ukuvutha, ukulinganisa, noma umuzwa wezimbungulu ezigeleza emilenzeni. Zithuthukiswa ngokunyakaza: ukwelula, ukuhamba noma ukuxubha. Lezi zimpawu zingase zenzeke ngokuphumula noma ebusuku zenze kube nzima ukulala. I-RLS inezimbangela eziningi ezingabangela, kuhlanganise nokuntuleka kwensimbi, ukukhulelwa, nokukhuluphala.
Kungase kuhlotshaniswe nokunyakaza kwesiguli sokulala (PLMS) . Ukwelashwa kufaka ukufaka esikhundleni sensimbi kanye nemithi.
Izikhalazo ze-Circadian Rhythm
Iziphazamiso ze-circadian izimo zingase ziholele lapho iwashi lomuntu yangaphakathi lomzimba lingavumelananga nezikhathi zesikhathi sangaphandle, kufaka phakathi umjikelezo wendalo omnyama. Lokhu kungase kwenzeke ebubungwini obuphelele, nomsebenzi wokushintsha noma i-jet lag, noma ngenxa yesifo se-sleep phase esiphuthumayo noma esibambezelekile . Ukungahambi kahle kungaholela ekuqotheni noma ukulala ngokweqile (hypersomnia) ngezikhathi ezingafanelekile. Ukwelashwa kufaka ukuvezwa okukhanyisiwe kokukhanya , i-melatonin, kanye nesimiso sokulala esivamile.
Ukuhlukumezeka
Ukuhlukumezeka yisifo sokulala esibonakala izimpawu ezine zakudala : ubuthongo obuningi obusukuma , u-cataplexy, ukulala ukukhubazeka, kanye nokucutshungulwa kwe-hypnagogic . Ukulala kungase kube okujulile futhi kungaholela ekulele ebusweni obungalungile. I-cataplexy yilahlekelwa yindlebe ye-muscle ekuphenduleni ukukhathazeka ngokomzwelo, njengokumangala noma ukuhleka okuholela ekugqibeni ngamadolo. Ukugula ukukhubazeka ukungakwazi ukuhambisa umzimba wakho ngenkathi uphapheme, ngokuvamile uma ulele noma uvuka. Ukuhlelwa kwe-Hypnagogic kuyiphupho-njengama-auditory, ama-visual, noma ama-sensation avela ngenkathi elele. Ukuhlukumeza ngokweqile kuphathwa ngemithi, kuhlanganise nokuvuselela, i-sodium oxbate ( Xyrem ), kanye nezidakamizwa zokucindezeleka.
Isifo Sokuphelelwa Isifo Sokugcina
Ukukhathala okungapheli syndrome (CFS) kubonakala ngokukhathala okungahlongozwa isikhathi eside okungathuthukiswa ngokuphumula futhi kungase kube nzima kakhulu ngomzimba noma ngokomzimba. Lokhu ukukhathala kungaba nzima futhi kungabonakali, okwenza kube lula ukunciphisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Kungadinga ukuzivumelanisa ukugcina amandla ekukhathala okukhulu. Kunezimbonakaliso eziningi ezihambisanayo, kanti nezinye izimo zezokwelapha (kubandakanya i-apnea yokulala) kumele zifakwe ngaphandle kokuthi i-CFS ingatholakaliswa.
I-Jet Lag
I-Jet lag yinkinga yesikhashana eyabangelwa ukuhamba okusheshayo phakathi kwezindawo zesikhathi-njengoba kungase kwenzeke nge-jet ukuhamba-futhi kungashiya umuntu obhekene nokukhathala, ukuleleka, ukunxanxathela, noma ezinye izimpawu ngenxa yesigqi sangaphakathi, noma iwashi lomzimba, ukungahambisani nesikhathi sendawo. Kungathuthukiswa ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokuvamile ngosuku olungu-1 ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isimo Sokucindezeleka Sonyaka
Isifo se-seasonal affective siyinkinga yesimo sengqondo ephindaphindiwe ehambisana nokucindezeleka nokulala ngokweqile phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika. Kubangelwa ukungabi nokukhanya okukhanyayo kufinyelela iwashi le- biological in the nucleus suprachiasmatic, isifunda esincane sobuchopho. Ukwelashwa kwalo ukusetshenziswa kwebhokisi elikhanyayo ukuze kwandiswe ngobude ubude bosuku.
Izwi elivela
Uma uzizwa sengathi unezimpawu zesifo sokulala, funa ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa udokotela olele ngokuqinisekiswa ebhodini. Ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kungakushiya ulele futhi uzizwe kangcono ngesikhathi esithile.
Imithombo:
Kryger, MH et al . "Izimiso Nemikhuba Yokulala Imithi." Elsevier , edition 6.
"I-International Classification of Sleep Disorders." I-American Academy of Sleep Medicine , edition 3, 2014.