Ayikho enye isitho emzimbeni onomthelela oqondile kuzo zonke ezinye izitho njengenhliziyo. Kuwumsebenzi wenhliziyo ukupompa igazi, ne-oksijeni yayo yokuphila nokudla, kuzo zonke izicubu zomzimba. Uma lokhu kuphambuka kwehla, izitho ezibalulekile ezifana nobuchopho nezinso zihlupheka. Futhi uma inhliziyo iyeka ukusebenza ngokuphelele ukufa kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Ukuphila ngokwakho kuncike ngokugcwele ekusebenzeni kahle kwehliziyo.
Yilokho okwenza isifo senhliziyo sibe yindaba ebalulekile.
Isifo senhliziyo siza ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi. Esinye isifo senhliziyo sithinta imisipha yenhliziyo, ezinye zithinta amagagasi enhliziyo, ezinye zithinta uhlelo lwegesi lwenhliziyo, kanti ezinye zithinta imishanguzo ye-coronary. Lezi zinhlobo ezahlukene zesifo senhliziyo zingathinta inhliziyo ngezindlela eziningana.
Kodwa inkinga enkulu kunawo wonke izinhlobonhlobo zesifo senhliziyo ukuthi, ngandlela-thile noma enye, bangaphazamisa isenzo esibalulekile sokuphambanisa senhliziyo.
Nansi inhlolovo yesifo senhliziyo ngezindlela zayo eziningi. Ngokulandela izixhumanisi kuleli khasi, ungahamba ngokujulile njengoba ufuna ukufunda ngezinhlobo ezinkulu zesifo senhliziyo. Lolu cwaningo luhlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- Ingxenye 1 - Indlela Inhliziyo Esebenza Ngayo - Isimiso esifushane mayelana nesimo semvelo kanye nomsebenzi wenhliziyo.
- Ingxenye 2 - Izifo Zezinhliziyo Ekujuleni - Isingeniso ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zesifo senhliziyo, enezixhumanisi eziningi kuya ekujuleni okujulile.
- Ingxenye 3 - Indlela Yokuvimbela Izifo Zenhliziyo - Ongakwenza ukuze usize ukuvimbela isifo senhliziyo.
INGXENYE 1 - Inhliziyo Ejwayelekile
Inhliziyo iwumpompo onamandla futhi ongenamandla. Iqukethe amakamelo ezinama-muscular enza inkontileka yokuphoqa igazi nge-system vascular kanye nochungechunge lwezimpawu ezigcina igazi lihamba kahle, futhi ngendlela efanele.
Funda mayelana namakamelo enhliziyo namagesi .
Kungani inhliziyo iqhubeka ishaya? Futhi "wazi kanjani ukuthi nini, futhi ngokushesha kangakanani, ukushaya? Impendulo yilezi: Inhliziyo inesimiso segesi esizilawulayo esinquma izinga lenhliziyo, futhi lokho kuhlanganisa ukubetha okulandelana kwamagumbi ahlukahlukene ehliziyo. Funda mayelana nesistimu kagesi yomzimba .
Ukuze wenze konke lokhu kusetshenzwa kwemisipha nxazonke, inhliziyo idinga ukuhlinzeka okukhulu nokuqhubekayo kwegazi elicebile oksijini. I-coronary arteries yizona izitsha ezinikezela leli gazi emisipha yenhliziyo. Kubaluleke kakhulu enhliziyweni nasekuphileni. Funda mayelana nemithambo ye-coronary .
INGXENYE 2 - Izifo zenhliziyo ekujuleni
Umsebenzi ovamile wenhliziyo nesistimu yezinsiza kungaphazanyiswa yizimo ezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene. Kulolu cwaningo, sizohlukanisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezifo zenhliziyo ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu eziningana: izifo ze-coronary disease kanye nokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, isifo senhliziyo, ama-arrhythmias enhliziyo, nokuphazamiseka kwemisipha.
Izifo ze-Coronary Artery kanye nokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo
I-coronary artery disease (CAD) ivame kakhulu emiphakathini yaseNtshonalanga futhi iyimbangela ebangela ukufa nokukhubazeka. E-CAD, ifomu ye- atherosclerotic plaques endaweni yokulala kwemithambo ye-coronary.
Nakhu okuningiliziwe okubukeka kwesifo se-coronary artery .
Amapulangwe we-artery Coronary enza izinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu zezinkinga. Okokuqala, uma ama-plaque eba nkulu ngokwanele, angaqala ukuvimbela igazi ukugeleza phakathi kwemithambo. Phakathi nezinkathi zesikhathi lapho imisipha yenhliziyo ihlinzekwa yi-artery ewonakele idinga ukugeleza kwegazi okuningi (njengezikhathi zokucindezeleka noma ukuzivocavoca), umsizi ungaba ischemic, noma i-oksijeni-elambile. I-Ischemia ibangela ukuba imisipha yenhliziyo ingasebenzi kahle, futhi ingabangela ukungahambi kahle kwesifuba esibizwa ngokuthi i- angina . Odokotela bavame ukuncoma ama- catheterizations enhliziyo kubantu abaye bacabanga ukuthi i-CAD, ikakhulukazi ukubheka lezi zinhlamvu zokuvimbela.
Uma itholakala, ama-plaque ngokuvamile aphathwa nge- angioplasty futhi ephahlazeka . Kodwa-ke, ubufakazi obukhona bubonisa ukuthi abantu abaningi abanezikhala "eziphawulekayo" bangenza ngendlela efanayo uma bephathwa ngemithi kanye nezinguquko zokuphila. Nansi ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nokwelapha isifo se-artery coronary .
Okwesibili, amakhemikhali e-coronary artery avumelana nokuphuka okungazelelwe. I-plaque ephuliziwe ivame ukuvuselela indlela yokweqa igazi , okhiqiza i-clot engase ivelise ukuvinjelwa okungazelelwe emthini. Ukuvinjelwa okungazelelwe kwe-coronary artery okubangelwa i-plaque ephukile kuyaziwa ngokuthi i- acute coronary syndrome (ACS) . I-ACS ihlale isifo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.
Uma ukuvinjelwa okubangelwa i-plaque ephukile kungokwengxenye noma kwesikhashana, kungaveza iziqephu ze- angina engazinzile . Uma ukuvinjelwa kuyingxenye kodwa kunzima kakhulu, kungaveza uhlobo lokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo olubizwa ngokuthi yi-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction ( NSTEMI ). (Ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo kutholakala ukuthi okungenani ezinye zezinhlanzi zenhliziyo ezinikezwa umshini owonakele uyafa.) Uma ukuvinjelwa sekuphelile, kungabangela uhlobo olunzima kakhulu lokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo olubizwa ngokuthi i-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) . Nansi ukubuka okujulile kokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo .
Zonke izinhlobo ze-ACS zidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo ukuze kunqunywe ukuvinjelwa emthonjeni we-coronary, nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka emisipha yenhliziyo engozini. Uma isiqephu esibucayi siphathwe, ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside-kokubili ngemithi kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuphila ngendlela efanele-kubalulekile ukunciphisa izinkinga zokuba neziqephu eziningi ze-ACS. Funda mayelana nokuphatha ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo ejulile . Funda mayelana nokwelashwa kwesikhashana ngemuva kwe-ACS .
Ngoba i-ACS ingaveza umonakalo wenhliziyo unomphela noma ukufa, futhi ngoba ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungavimbela lemiphumela emibi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu, nokuthatha ngokushesha uma ucabanga ukuthi unenkinga yenhliziyo. Funda mayelana nezibonakaliso ze-ACS nokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo , nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma ucabanga ukuthi unesifo senhliziyo .
Ukungaphumeleli Inhliziyo
Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kuyisiphumo esivamile kakhulu sezinhlobo eziningi zezinhliziyo zenhliziyo. Ngokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, ukulimala kwenhliziyo ngesimo esisodwa noma kwesinye kushiya inhliziyo engakwazi ukwenza wonke umsebenzi okumele ufeze izidingo zomzimba. Izimpawu eziningi zingabangela; Isiqu esithile sokukhubazeka sivamile, njengokufa kokuqala. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kwenhliziyo kwehlulekile kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva, futhi abantu abaningi abanehluleka kwenhliziyo manje sebekwazi ukuhlala kahle iminyaka eminingi.
Izimpawu ezivelele kakhulu zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo ziyi- dyspnea , ilulazeka kalula, nezimpawu ze-arrhythmias zenhliziyo (kusukela ekugqibeleni kuya ekufeni okungazelelwe), kodwa ezinye izimpawu zingenzeka futhi. Funda mayelana nezimpawu zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo . Kubantu abaningi abanesifo senhliziyo, i-dyspnea yiyona ndlela evelele kunazo zonke. Laba bantu bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi banenhliziyo ehlulekayo .
Kukhona "izinhlobo" ezimbalwa zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Okuvelele kakhulu kulawa kuhlotshiswe inhliziyo, i-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, kanye nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo ye-diastolic.
Ifomu elivame kakhulu lokuhluleka kwenhliziyo lihlanza inhliziyo , elibhekene nokukhuliswa okuvelele kwe-ventricle kwesokunxele. Isizathu sokuthi i-cardiomyopathy ihlukumezekile yinto evamile ukuthi yiyona ndlela ejwayelekile yokuphela kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinhliziyo zenhliziyo. Funda mayelana nezimbangela ze-cardiomyopathy ehlanganisiwe . Ukwelashwa kwe-cardiomyopathy ekhuphukile kuqhubekile kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, futhi ukwelashwa okunamandla abantu abanalo mkhuba namuhla bahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, futhi ngezimpawu ezimbalwa, kunokuba kungenzeka kungekudala. Funda mayelana nokwelashwa kwe-cardiomyopathy ehlisiwe .
I-cardiomyopathy ye-hypertrophic isifo esiyinkimbinkimbi senhliziyo eyenza ukuqina (hypertrophy) yenhliziyo yesisu. Ingaveza izinhlobo eziningana zezinkinga zenhliziyo, kuhlanganise nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Ubukhulu be-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy buhluka kakhulu kusuka komuntu kuya komunye futhi buhlobene nokuhlukahluka kohlobo oluthile (okukhona okuningi) olukukhiqizayo. Ukwelashwa kwalo kungaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi abantu abaningi abane-cardiomyopathy ye-hypertrophic kufanele balandelwe njalo ngumuntu we-cardiologist. Umbuzo ovamile ovela kubantu abasha abanalesi simo ukuthi ngabe kufanele bavunyelwe ukuba bahlanganyele emidlalweni, ngoba ukufa okungazelelwe ngesikhathi sokuzikhandla kuyinto ebalulekile kwabanye. Funda mayelana nezincomo zokusebenzisa umzimba nge-cardiomyopathy ye-hypertrophic .
Ngokuhluleka kwenhliziyo ye-diastolic , kanti ikhono lomzimba we-muscle ukupompa igazi lihlala livamile, imisipha yenhliziyo iba "ngokweqile" (isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-diastolic disys function). Lokhu kunzima kuphakamisa ukucindezeleka kwenhliziyo, okuholela ekuxhumeni kwamaphaphu kanye ne-dyspnea, okungaba yinto enzima kakhulu. Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo ye-Diastolic kuthathwa ngokwemithi. Ingxenye yalokhu ukwelashwa ukulawula ngokucindezela isifo sofuba nesifo sikashukela, uma lezi zinkinga zikhona.
Izifo ze-Heart Valve
Ama-valves amane enhliziyo (tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, ne-aortic) adlala indima ebalulekile emsebenzini wenhliziyo. Baqinisekisa ukuthi lapho inhliziyo ishaya, igazi lihamba ngokukhululekile emagumbini enhliziyo futhi ligeleza ngendlela efanele.
Ngokuvamile, isifo se-valve senhliziyo senza izinhlobo ezimbili zezinkinga. Kungenzeka ukuthi i-valve ivinjelwe kancane, okuvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi (isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i- stenosis ); noma i-valve iba yiphutha, ivumela igazi ukuba ligijime ngendlela engafanele lapho izinkontileka zenhliziyo (isimo esibizwa ngokuthi ukuvuselelwa ). Kunoma yikuphi, uma isifo se-valvular siba namandla ngokwanele ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kungabangela, nayo yonke imiphumela yaso yomlindi-i-dyspnea, ubuthakathaka, ne-edema. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifo se-valvular ngokuvamile siveza ama-arrhythmias enhliziyo, ikakhulukazi ama-atrial fibrillation.
Isifo se-valve senhliziyo sinesizathu esikhulu. Nakuba kungabangela ukuphela kwesifo sokushaya isifo esithathelwanayo noma isifo se-rheumatic heart , i-valvular isifo senhliziyo ivame ukubangelwa ukuhlanza inhliziyo (noma ukulungiswa kwenhliziyo ), i-calcium ibeka ama-valve angase akwenze ngokuguga, nezinkinga ze-congenital heart.
Noma yimaphi ama-valves enhliziyo amane angathuthukisa noma i-stenosis noma ukuphindaphinda. I-stenosis ye-pulmonary yiyona nkinga ejwayelekile kunazo zonke yokuzalwa kwenhliziyo. Phakathi kwabantu abadala, izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezifo zenhliziyo eziphawulekayo yi- aortic stenosis , ukuvuselelwa kwe-aortic , i- mitral stenosis nokuphindaphinda kwe-mitral . Inkinga ye-valve yenhliziyo evame ukutholakala kakhulu kubantu abadala i- mitral valve prolapse (MVP) , kodwa iningi labantu abatholwa ukuthi bane-MVP banefomu elimnene kakhulu elingeke lidale izinkinga zenhliziyo ezibalulekile.
Nansi ukubuka kabanzi kwezifo ze-valve senhliziyo, izimbangela zayo, kanye nokwelapha .
I-Cardiac Arrhythmias
I-arrhythmias ye-cardiac yizinkinga zesistimu kagesi kagesi. Uhlelo lwegesi lwenhliziyo lubophezele ukubeka isilinganiso senhliziyo (ukuthi inhliziyo ishaya kanjani ngokushesha), futhi ihlanganisa ukuchotshozwa okuhleliwe, okulandelana kwenhliziyo e-atria kanye ne-ventricles.
Izinkinga zesistimu kagesi kagesi ngokuvamile zivame ukhiqiza amazinga enhliziyo aphuze kakhulu (ama-bradycardias), noma amazinga enhliziyo ashesha kakhulu (ama- tachycardias ). Ngama-arrhythmiya aphuzi noma aphelile, ukulandelana okujwayelekile kwe-muscle contraction kungaphazamiseka futhi.
Ngenkathi abantu abaningi abane-arrhythmiya yenhliziyo bengenayo izimpawu, noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-arrhythmia lungakwazi ukukhiqiza i- palpitations , ubuthakathaka, noma ubukhulu bomzimba. Amanye ama-arrhythmias enhliziyo angaveza izimpawu eziyingozi kakhulu njenge- syncope , kanti ezinye zingase zikhiqize ukufa okungazelelwe. Noma ubani onayo izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi i-arrhythmia yenhliziyo kufanele ibe nokuhlolwa ukucacisa ukuthi ikhona yini i-arrhythmia, futhi uma kunjalo, okuyi-arrhythmia. Funda mayelana nokuhlonza ama-arrhythmias enhliziyo .
I-bradycardias: Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezijwayelekile ze-arrhythmias ezikhiqiza i-bradycardia. Esokuqala yisifo se-sinus node (isakhiwo enhliziyweni esivela ekufakeni umqondo kagesi evamile). Lokhu kubizwa nge- sinus bradycardia . Abantu abathola izimpawu ezibangelwa i-sinus bradycardia ngokuvamile kuthiwa banesifo se-sinus syndrome . Uhlobo lwesibili lwe-bradycardia yi- block block , isimo esivame ukuhlotshaniswa nesigatshana segatsha . Uma i-bradycardia iphikelela futhi iveza izimpawu noma isongela ukwenza okubi nakakhulu, ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kakhulu ukufaka i- pacemaker .
I-tachycardias: I- Tachycardias ingavela emakamelweni ase-atrial yenhliziyo (i -tachycardias ephezulu, noma i-SVT ) noma kuma-ventricles (i- ventricular tachycardia noma i -fibrillation ye-ventricular ).
I-SVTs yimizi emikhulu yama-arrhythmias enezinqubo ezahlukene kanye nokwelashwa okuhlukile. Ngokuvamile ziveza izimpawu eziningi, kodwa ngokuvamile azikona ukuphila. I-SVT eyaziwa kakhulu kunazo zonke futhi okubaluleke kunazo zonke yi -fibrillation ye-atrial , ebaluleke kakhulu ngoba yandisa ingozi yokushaywa yisifo. Ezinye izinhlobo ezijwayelekile ze-SVT zihlanganisa i- AV-nodal reentrant tachycardia , i- Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome , ne- sinus tachycardia engalungile .
I-tachycardia ene-Ventricular, futhi ikakhulukazi i-fibrication ye-ventricular, yizona ezibangela kakhulu ukuboshwa komzimba nokufa okungazelelwe. Ngokuvamile indlela enhle yokwelapha lezi zi-arrhythmias ukukhomba abantu abasengozini futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yokufa okungazelelwe kanye nokwelapha (uma kungenzeka), noma ukufaka i- defibrillator engasetshenziswa .
Izibambo zangaphambi kokuqala: Ngaphandle kwama-arrhythmias akhiqiza i-bradycardia noma i-tachycardia, abantu abaningi bayoba nesibindi sezinhliziyo ezingakabiphi isikhathi esithile, esivela e-atria (ama- atrial complexes-PACs angakapheli ) noma ema-ventricles (ama- ventricular premature-complexes-PVCs ). Lezi zi-arrhythmias zivame ukhiqiza ama-palpitations, kodwa ngokungafani okungavamile kukhona neminye eminye imiphumela.
Izinkinga ze-Vascular
Nakuba izinqubo eziningi zezifo zingathinta imithwalo yegazi, igama elithi "isifo senhliziyo" ngokuvamile lihlanganisa izifo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihlobene nalokho okubangelwa yi-atherosclerosis, i-hypertension, noma isifo senhliziyo.
Ukwehla kwesifo sofuba ne-hypertension akukona nje ukukhiqiza isifo somzimba we-coronary, kodwa futhi nesifo se-artificial coral esingathinta cishe noma yimuphi omunye umthambo emzimbeni. Ukushaywa kwesisu nokuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic (TIAs) okuvame ukuvama ngenxa yesifo se-atherosclerotic vascular. I-aortic aneurysm , evelele kakhulu kubantu ababhemayo, ingaba yinkinga ebhubhisayo engabangela ukuhlukana nokufa okungazelelwe. I-hypertension iyinhloko enkulu yengozi ye- dissection ye- aortic .
Umfutho wegazi ophakeme , ukucindezela okukhulu emthonjeni we-pulmonary, ngokuvamile kubangelwa isifo senhliziyo, futhi ngokuvamile kunomthelela ekufweni kwesifo senhliziyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfutho wegazi ophezulu we-pulmonary ungaba nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwe- pulmonary embolus , okuzokwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukucindezeleka kwe-pulmonary pulmonary.
INGXENYE 3 - Ukuvimbela Izifo Zenhliziyo
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zesifo senhliziyo zivimbelwe ikakhulukazi, uma nje sibheka izinkinga zethu zenhliziyo, futhi sithathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokunciphisa.
Kubalulekile ukuthatha ingozi yakho siqu. Okufanelekile, kufanele usebenze nodokotela wakho ukwenza ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni kokufaka ingozi. Kodwa ungenza ukuhlola okunobungozi okunembile ngokwakho . Uma ingozi yakho iphansi, siyakuhalalisela! Hlala ukhumbula izinto okufanele uyenze (futhi ungenzi) ukugcina ngaleyo ndlela . Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ingozi yakho yomzimba iphakanyisiwe kakhulu, unomsebenzi wokukwenza. Nansi indlela okufanele ubhekane ngayo nenengozi enkulu yesifo senhliziyo .
Nansi ulwazi olwengeziwe oluwusizo mayelana nezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ezingozini zomzimba:
I-blood lipids: Amazinga egazi le- Cholesterol ne- triglyceride ahlotshaniswa kakhulu nenengozi yomzimba. Imikhombandlela yamanje ekuphatheni i-blood lipids igxila ekubalukeni kokuthuthukisa impilo, nokusetshenziswa okufanele kwezidakamizwa ze- statin .
Ukubhema: Ukubhema ugwayi kungase kube yingozi kakhulu ekufeni, ngoba kuvame ukuveza isifo senhliziyo ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza. Ukubhema kubi kakhulu enhliziyweni futhi kwandisa kokubili ingozi yesikhathi eside neyesikhathi esifushane .
I-hypertension: Umfutho wegazi ophezulu , umbulali ongenamathele, ngokuvamile awubangeli izimpawu aze akhiphe umonakalo wenhliziyo, ubuchopho, izinso noma enye ingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba. Kubalulekile ukuba wonke umuntu abe nokuhlolwa kwengcindezi yegazi ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi uma kutholakala umfutho wegazi ophezulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphathwa kahle .
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Ukuba ngokweqile ngokweqile noma ukugqithisa kubi kakhulu enhliziyweni nasesimweni senhliziyo.
Ukudla okunempilo: Ngenkathi umqondo wokudla okunempilo ophilile uye waba yingxabano eminyakeni yamuva ( amaqanda manje akhona? Amafutha agculisiwe angase abe mabi njengoba sasicabanga?), Ngokujwayelekile, ochwepheshe bavumelana ngalokho ukudla okunempilo okunempilo kufanele kubonakale.
Ukuzivocavoca: Ukuphila ngokwemvelo kuyingozi ohlelweni lwe-cardiovascular; Ukuthola ukuzivocavoca okuningi kuhle enhliziyweni .
Isifo sikashukela: Isifo sikashukela singumgogodla omkhulu wesifo senhliziyo , futhi uma unesifo sikashukela kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi wenza konke ongakwenza ukuze uwugcine ngaphansi kokulawula okuhle.
Ukucindezeleka: Ukucindezeleka empeleni kuthatha indima enempilo yenhliziyo , kodwa kungase kukumangaze ukwazi ukuthi kuhileleke uhlobo lokucindezeleka nokuthi kungani luthonya. Ungakwazi ukucindezela indlela yakho eya enhliziyweni enempilo.
Izwi elivela
Abantu abazifundela futhi benze iqhaza ekwenzeni izinqumo zemitholampilo bavame ukuba nemiphumela emihle yezokwelapha. Lokhu kuyiqiniso cishe noma yikuphi ukugula kwezempilo; Kuyiqiniso ikakhulu uma unenkinga yenhliziyo.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezihlukahlukene zesifo senhliziyo, futhi zonke ziba nezimbangela ezihlukahlukene, izinkinga, kanye nokwelapha. Uma unesifo senhliziyo, cishe uzophila impilo ende futhi enempilo uma ufunda konke ongakwenza mayelana nenkinga yakho yenhliziyo. Ngalolo lwazi, uzokwazi ukusebenza eduze nodokotela wakho ukwenza uhlobo lokuhlolwa kwenhliziyo futhi wamukele izinhlobo zokwelapha ezifaneleke kakhulu kuwe.
> Imithombo:
> Anderson JL, Adams CD, Antman EM, et al. 2012 ACCF / AHA Ukugxila okugxilwe kuhlanganisiwe ku-ACCF / AHA 2007 Izinkombandlela zokuPhathwa kweziguli ezine-Angina / ezingezona-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Umbiko we-American College of Cardiology Foundation / i-American Heart Association Task Force on Guidelines Practice. J Am Coll Cardiol . 2013; 61: e179.
> Bonow RO, uCarabello BA, Chatterjee K, et al. Ukubuyekezwa okugxilwe ngo-2008 kuhlanganisiwe ku-ACC / AHA 2006 Izinkombandlela zokuphathwa kweziguli ezine-heart disease ye-Valvular: Umbiko we-American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force on Guidelines Practice (Ikomidi Lokubhala Ukubuyekeza Izeluleko Zika-1998 Zokuphatha Iziguli ezine-Valvular Heart Disease): zamukelwa yiNhlangano Yezinhliziyo Zezinhliziyo Ze-Anesthesiologists, i-Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, kanye neNhlangano Yezifo Ezihlinzeka Ngama-Thoracic. Ukujikeleza . 2008; 118: e523.
> Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J, et al. Umhlahlandlela we-ACCF / AHA / ACP / AATS / PCNA / SCAI / STS we-Diagnosis and Management of Iziguli ezine-Stable Ischemic Heart Disease: Umbiko we-American College of Cardiology Foundation / i-American Heart Association Task Force on Guidelines Practice, kanye ne-American I-College of Physicians, i-American Association ye-Thoracic Surgery, i-Preventive Cardiovascular Association Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, kanye neNhlangano Yezifo Ezihlinzayo Zezintambo. Ukujikeleza . 2012; 126: e354.
> Leening MJ, Berry JD, Allen NB. Izinyathelo Zokuphila Zonke Ngokuvimbela Okuyinhloko Kwe-Atherosclerotic Nezifo Zezinhliziyo. I-JAMA . 2016; 315: 1449.
> McMurray JJ, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, et al. Izinkombandlela ze-ESC zokuHlola kanye nokwelashwa kokuhluleka kwenhliziyo ephuthumayo neyiguli 2012: I-Task Force for the Discover and Treatment of Insect Heart and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 ye-European Society of Cardiology. Kuthuthukiswe ngokubambisana ne-Heart Failure Association (HFA) ye-ESC. I-Eur Heart J. 2012; 33: 1787.