Izinhlobo eziningi zeCanscer

Izinhlobo zeCanscer

I-cancer ayiyona isifo esisodwa, kodwa kunalokho iqoqo lezifo ezingaphezu kuka-200 ezihlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokho, kunzima ukukhuluma ngomdlavuza ngaphandle kokuqonda uhlobo oluthile lomdlavuza othile oye wakha. Kunezindlela eziningana lapho i-khansela ihlelwe khona. Ukuqonda ukuthi i-cancers ibizwa kanjani nokuthi ihlukaniswe kanjani kungakusiza ukuthi uzwisise kangcono amagama angaphandle okuzwakalayo asetshenziswa uma ukhuluma ngalezi zinto ezikhathazayo.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo zeCanscer

Ezinye zezindlela ukwelashwa zihlukaniswa ngamaqembu ahlukene zihlanganisa:

• Ngohlobo lweselula noma izicubu lapho umdlavuza waqala khona
• Ngesigungu noma isitho somzimba lapho umdlavuza uvela khona

Amancansi angase abizwe ngokuthi "eqinile" noma amakhemikhali ahlobene negazi. Amanqamu ahlobene negazi ahlanganisa i-leukemias, i-lymphomas, ne-myelomas, kuyilapho amagciwane aqinile ehlanganisa wonke amanye amagciwane. Ezinye izici ezihlukanisa izicubu zixoxwe ngezansi.

• I-Myeloma iyisifo esivamile se-Cancer Common

• Ukukhishwa Kwembilini Kungenzeka Kungabe Kuyi-Melanoma?

I-Cancer Primary kanye neMetastases

Iphuzu elivame ukudideka ekuxoxiseni izinhlobo zomdlavuza kwenzeka lapho umdlavuza usakazeka ( metastasizes ) kwesinye isifunda somzimba. Lapho umdlavuza usakazeka, ubizwa ngokuthi uhlobo lomdlavuza wesilwane noma isitho lapho uqala khona, hhayi ngesifunda somzimba lapho sisakazeka khona. Lona ngumdlavuza oyinhloko .

Isibonelo, uma umdlavuza webele usuqala esibelethweni futhi kamuva usakazeka emaphashini ngeke ubizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Esikhundleni salokho, kwakuzobizwa ngokuthi "isifo somdlavuza esiyinhloko samabele emaphashini." Kulesi sibonelo, umdlavuza webele uzoba umdlavuza oyinhloko futhi amaphaphu abe yisayithi le-metastasis.

Ngokuvamile, odokotela abakwazi ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza uqale kuphi kodwa uthole kuphela umdlavuza lapho usakaze khona. Lokhu kubhekwa njengenhloko engaziwa noma umdlavuza womsuka ongaziwa nge-metastasis endaweni lapho umdlavuza uthola khona.

Benign vs. Malignant Tumors

Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ukunquma ukuthi isisu sinesisindo (esingenomdlavuza) noma esibi (umdlavuza). Kunezimpikiswano eziningi phakathi kwezicubu ezinesifo esibuhlungu , kodwa umehluko omkhulu ukuthi izicubu ezimbi zingasakazeka (izibalo) kwezinye izifunda zomzimba. Empeleni lokhu kusakazwa komdlavuza nge-bloodstream noma uhlelo lymphatic olubhekene nokufa okuningi komdlavuza. Ukuze wenze lokhu kudideke kakhulu, izicubu ngokuvamile ziqukethe inhlanganisela yamaseli afaka amaseli avamile, amangqamuzana anqandekile , namaseli omdlavuza.

Kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza namaseli ajwayelekile avumelana nokuziphatha kwamagciwane. Amaseli e-Cancer awanakho "izinto ezinamathele" ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-molecule e-adhesion abamba amangqamuzana emzimbeni lapho ekhona.

Amaseli e-Cancer ahluleka ukulandela imithetho "evamile" yokukhula kweseli, ukuphindaphinda nokuhlukanisa lapho kungenjalo, futhi ehluleka ukufa lapho kufanele.

Umthetho wesithupha (ngaphandle kokuthola) ukukwazi ukuthi isisu sinesifo esibi noma esinobuhlungu esekelwe egameni laso ukuthi izicubu ezinonya zivame ukufaka igama lensiza ethile lapho iqala khona. Isibonelo, isifo se-bone esibulalayo singase sithiwa i-oste oma , kodwa isifo esibi esibi, i-osteo sarcoma . Ngokufanayo, i-angi oma ibhekisela ku-tumor enesifo semithambo yegazi, kanti i-angio sarcoma ibonisa umdlavuza wezicubu zomzimba wegazi. Enye yezinto ezingenayo i-melanoma, okuyinto isisu esinomdlavuza samaseli okuthiwa i-melanocytes. Okuningi kulokhu okulandelayo.

I-Cancers nge-Cell noma Tissue Type

Igama lamakhansela amaningi livela kuhlobo lwamaseli lapho umdlavuza uqala khona. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo zamaseli eziyisisekelo kungasiza kakhulu uma uthola ukuthi unomdlavuza. Isibonelo, kungenzeka ukuthi utshelwe ukuthi unomdlavuza wezinso, kepha umdlavuza wezinso ungahluka ngokuyinhloko ngokususelwa kuhlobo lwezinso zezinso lapho lezi zicubu ziqala khona.

Kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha ezinkulu zomdlavuza esekelwe uhlobo lweseli:

• I-carcinomas
• I-Sarcomas
• I-Myelomas
• Ama-leukemi
• I-Lymphomas
• Izinhlobo ezixubile (kubandakanya i-blastomas)

I-carcinomas

I-carcinomas yiyona ndlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke zesifo somdlavuza, okubalwa ngamaphesenti angu-80 kuya kwamaphesenti angama-90 ekhansela. Lezi zomshukela zivela emangqamuzaneni abizwa ngamaseli e- epithelial . Amaseli e-epithelial ahlanganisa amangqamuzana esikhumba nalabo abasebenza emzimbeni womzimba kanye nezitho zokumboza. Ama-carcinomas angase aphinde aphule phakathi:

• I-Adenocarcinomas: I-Adenocarcinomas iqala emangqamuzaneni angenangqondo eyenza uketshezi, njengobisi lwebele.
• I- squamous cell carcinomas: Izibonelo zama cell squamous zihlanganisa lezo ezingqimba eziphezulu zesikhumba, ingxenye engaphezulu ye-esophagus kanye ne-airways, nengxenye engezansi yomlomo wesibeletho kanye nesiswini.
• Ama-basal cell carcinomas: Amaseli ase-Basal kuphela akhona esikhumbeni futhi ayengqimba elijulile lamaseli esikhumba.
• I-transitional cell carcinomas: Amaseli ashintsho ngamaseli e-epithelial "asele" futhi akhona esikhwameni nasezingxenyeni zezinso.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo zamaseli ezithize, ama-carcinomas angase abizwe ngokusekelwe endaweni yabo.

• Yiziphi Izimpawu Nezibonakaliso Ze-Cancer Cancer?

• Izimpawu Nezibonakaliso Ze-Cancer Cancer

Ngokwesibonelo, ama-carcinomas ebelethwe emadayeni amancane ayobizwa ngokuthi yi-ductal carcinomas, kanti lezo ezivela ema-lobules zibhekwa njenge-lobular carcinomas.

I-carcinomas yilabo kuphela uhlobo lwesifo somdlavuza onesigaba esingenasidingo, ngakho-ke yiwo kuphela amakhemikhali okuhlolwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. I-Cancers "eshicilelwe" futhi engakaze isakaze egumbini elingaphansi komzimba libizwa ngokuthi i- carcinoma in situ noma i-CIN. I-Cancer itholakele ngalesi sikhathi, isigaba sangaphambi kokuhlasela kufanele, ngokuyisisekelo, siphulukiswe ngokuphelele ngokususwa.

I-Sarcomas

I-Sarcomas yi-cancers yamathambo namathambo athambile omzimba akhiwe ngamaseli abizwa ngamaseli ase-mesenchymal . Lokhu kufaka phakathi umdlavuza wamathambo, imisipha (kokubili imisipha kanye nesisindo esimnandi), izintambo, imigudu, isifo samathambo, imithwalo yegazi, izinzwa, izicubu ezinama-synovial (izicubu ezihlangene), nama-fatty tissue. Izibonelo zama-sarcomas zihlanganisa:

• Ama-osteosarcoma (amathambo e-bone): Ama-osteocytes amangqamuzana amathambo.
• I-Chondrosarcoma (i-cartilage khancer): I-cartilage cells ibizwa ngokuthi i-chondroblasts.
• I-Liposarcoma (ama-cancer angama-tissue cancers)
• I-Rhabdomyosarcoma (i-squelemus muscle cancers)
• I-Leiomyosarcoma (i-smooth muscle cancers)
• I-Angiosarcoma (i-blood vessel cancer)
• I-Mesothelioma (i-cancer ye-mesothelium, ama-tissu afaka isifuba nesisu somzimba)
• I-Fibrosarcoma (khansa yezicubu ezinamafutha)
• I-Glioma ne-astrocytoma (amaseli wezicubu ezihlangene ebuchosheni)

I-Myelomas

I-Myeloma, ebizwa nangokuthi i-myeloma eminingi, ingumdlavuza wamangqamuzana omzimba omzimba owaziwa ngokuthi amangqamuzana e-plasma. Amangqamuzana e-plasma amaseli enza ama-antibodies.

Ama-leukemi

I-leukemi yile khansa yamangqamuzana egazi, futhi avela emnothweni wethambo. Phakathi kwama-khansa ahlobene negazi, ama-leukemas abizwa ngokuthi "amakhemikhali egazi" ngokungafani ne-myelomas ne-lymphomas. Njengoba lezi zomshukela zibandakanya amangqamuzana ajikeleza ekusakazweni kwegazi, ajwayele ukuphathwa njengekansana eqinile esakazekile Izibonelo zifaka:

• Ama-leukemi ase-lymphocytic (ALL): Lawa angamangqamuzana amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe aziwa njenge- lymphocytes .
• I-lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) engapheli
• I-myelocytic leukemias (AML) enamandla: Lezi zingqamuzana zamaseli avuthiwe noma avundiwe aziwa njenge-myelocytes, njenge- neutrophils .
• I-myelocytic leukemia engapheli (CML)

I-Lymphomas

I-Lymphomas yi-cancer evela kumangqamuzana omzimba omzimba. Lezi zomshukela zingase ziphakame kuma-lymph nodes noma kumasayithi e- extranodal njenge-spleen, isisu noma ama-testicles. Lezi ziphukile zibe yi:

• I-Hodgkin lymphoma
• I-non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Izinhlobo ezixubile

Akuvamile ukuthi umdlavuza ube nezici zezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa zezicubu. Amaseli e-Cancer ahluke kumaseli avamile ngezindlela eziningi, okunye okubhekwa kuwo njengokuhlukaniswa. Amanye amakhemikhali angabheka kakhulu njengamaseli avamile aqala kuwo (lawa abizwa ngokuthi "izicubu ezihlukanisiwe kahle"), kodwa abanye bangase bangafani nabo (ungase ubone igama elithi "ukungenzi kahle" embikweni wezokugula). Ngaphezu kwalokhu, izicubu eziningi "ziyingqayizivele." Lokhu kusho ukuthi amangqamuzana engxenyeni eyodwa ye-tumor angase abukeke ehluke kakhulu kumaseli angenye ingxenye yesisu. Isibonelo, umdlavuza wamaphaphu ungase ube namaseli afana ne-adenocarcinoma kanye nabanye abonakala be-squamous cell carcinoma. Lokhu kuzochazwa embikweni wezokugula njengokuthi kunezici "ezizimele".

Uhlobo lwesifo somdlavuza ngezinye izikhathi ohlukaniswe yi-blastomas. Lezi yi-kansela ezitholakala kumaseli embryonic-amangqamuzana angakaze akhethe indlela yokuba amaseli we-epithelial noma amaseli we-mesenchymal.

Amanqamu Ngama-Organ Systems Kusukela Ekhanda kuya Kuzwane

I-Cancers nayo ivame ukuhlukaniswa yizitho noma izinhlaka zomzimba ezivela kuyo. Ukuhlukaniswa ngale ndlela, omunye umdlavuza ufaka:

Amakhansela AseNtshonalanga Yezinzwa

Amagciwane omzimba wesifo esiyinhloko ahlanganisa amakhemikhali noma ubuchopho. Amanqamu asakazeka ebuchosheni awabhekwa njengama-khancerase obuchopho, kodwa kunama-metastase obuchopho, futhi aphindwe kasikhombisa kaningi kunezikhondla eziyinhloko zengqondo. Ngokungafani nezicubu kwezinye izifunda zomzimba, ukwelapha ubuchopho ngokuvamile akusabalali ngaphandle kobuchopho. I-Cancer eyenziwa ngokujwayelekile ebuchosheni ibandakanya umdlavuza wamaphaphu, umdlavuza webele, kanye ne-melanoma. Ngokuvamile, izifo zomdlavuza webuchopho ziye zanda eminyakeni yamuva.

• I-Gliomas ne-Cancer Brain

Izikhwama zekhanda ne-neck

Izinwele zekhanda nezinduku zingathinta noma yikuphi isifunda senhloko nentamo ukusuka olimini kuya emaceleni ezwi. Esikhathini esedlule, la kansela yayivame ukubonakala kubantu ababili abaphuza utshwala nababhemayo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i- papillomavirus yabantu (HPV) ibangele imbangela ebalulekile yalezi zomshukela, ezinabantu abangaba ngu-10 000 abathuthukisa i-HPV ekhanda nenhloko yekhanda ngonyaka ngamunye e-United States yedwa. Amakhansela amabili anjalo:

• Umdlavuza womlomo : cishe amaphesenti angama-85 ekhanda nekhanda emdlavuza yi-cancer yomlomo. Lezi zomshukela zingase zibandakanye umlomo, ulimi, amathoni, umphimbo (i-pharynx), nezindlela ezihambayo.
• Umdlavuza weLaryngeal : (umdlavuza wezintambo zamagama)

Amanqamu webele

Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi umdlavuza webele unomdlavuza ojwayelekile kakhulu kubantu besifazane, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhomba ukuthi amadoda athola umdlavuza webele. Cishe u-1 ku-100 wamabelevuza webele abonakala emadodeni. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza webele lungukuthi i-ductal carcinoma.

Njengoba amagciwane amaningi ebelethweni angama-carcinoma, ngezinye izikhathi angase atholakale ngaphambi kokuthi ahlasele. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-carcinoma in situ" noma umdlavuza webele wesigaba 0. Izigaba zomdlavuza webele we-1 kuya kwezingu-4 ziyizinyathelo ezingenangqondo zesifo. Ungase uzwe lawa magama alandelayo:

• I-Ductal carcinoma in situ yesifuba ne- lobular carcinoma in situ : I-Carcinoma in situ yisigaba sokuqala lapho umdlavuza webele ungatholakala khona futhi kubhekwa njengesigaba 0. Lezi zomshukela azikazanga ukungena ngaphakathi kwendwangu yesisekelo futhi zibhekwa zingenasidingo. Zivame ukutholakala lapho i-biopsy yenzeka ngokungajwayelekile embukheni wokuhlola.
• Umdlavuza webele omangalisa (ongena ngaphakathi) (kokubili ukudoba kanye ne-lobular): Uma umdlavuza wesifuba ungena egumbini elingaphansi, kubhekwa njengento engavamile. Kungaba ukwesaba ukuzwa ukuthi unomdlavuza "ongenayo", kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi umdlavuza wakho usakazekile. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, ngisho nesigaba 1 sibhekwa ngokuthi "umdlavuza webele we-invasive" esekelwe ekubukeni kwe-tumor ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
• Umdlavuza wesifuba wokuvuvukala: Umdlavuza wesifuba wokuvuvukala, ngokungafani nezinye izifo zomdlavuza webele, akavame ukuvela njengenhlama. Esikhundleni salokho, izigaba zokuqala zesifo zibukeka njengobomvu nokuphuza esifubeni.
• Umdlavuza webele wesilisa : Futhi, umdlavuza webele usenzeka emadodeni. Uma kuyenzeka, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona isakhi sofuzo, futhi umlando womndeni wesifo somdlavuza emadodeni emndenini wakho kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho.

Amanqamu okuphefumula

> Buka izigaba zomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Amanqamu wamapayipi amaphaphu kanye nama-bronchial ayiyona imbangela ehamba phambili yokubulawa komdlavuza kokubili amadoda nabesifazane e-United States. Ngesikhathi ukubhema kuyisici esiyingozi kulezi zifo, umdlavuza wamaphaphu uvela kubantu abangabhemi nhlobo. Eqinisweni, umdlavuza wamaphaphu kulaba bantu iyimbangela eyisithupha eyimbangela yokufa komdlavuza e-United States. Umdlavuza we-Lung unciphisa jikelele, cishe ohlobene nokunciphisa ukubhema, kodwa ukwanda kubantu abadala, ikakhulukazi omncane, owesifazane ongabhemi. Isizathu asiqondakali ngalesi sikhathi. Izinhlobo ongase uzwe ngazo:

• Umdlavuza ongasona omncane wamaphaphu : Ama-subtypes omdlavuza ongasona omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu (aphethwe ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-85 wamanqamu emaphaphu) ahlanganisa amaphaseti adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma yamaphaphu, nomdlavuza omkhulu wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu.
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu omncane : Umdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu wamaphesenti angama-15 amaphesenti e-lungamaphaphu futhi cishe kungenzeka kubantu ababhemayo.
• I-Mesothelioma : I-Mesothelioma ingumdlavuza we-mesothelium enxushunxushunxushu-igumbi elizungeze amaphaphu. Ixhunyaniswe ngokuqinile nokuvezwa kwe-asbestos.

I-Cancer Imenyu Yokugaya

Amagciwane egazi lokugaya angase avele noma yikuphi kusukela emlonyeni kuya ku-anus. Iningi lala khansa yi-adenocarcinomas, ne-squamous cell carcinomas eyenzeka endaweni ephezulu nengxenye enkulu kakhulu ye-anus. Izinhlobo zifaka:

• Umdlavuza we-Esophageal : Inhlobo evamile kakhulu yomdlavuza we-esophageal ishintshile eminyakeni yamuva. Nakuba umdlavuza we-cell squamous (ngokuvamile ohlobene nokubhema nokuphuza) kwaba yindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yesifo, i-adenocarcinoma esophageal (ngokuvamile ehlobene ne-reflux yama-acids eside) yilona uhlobo oluvame kakhulu namuhla.
• Umdlavuza wesisu : Umdlavuza wesisu awuvamile e-United States, kodwa uhlobo oluvamile lomdlavuza emhlabeni jikelele.
• Umdlavuza we-Pancreatic : Umdlavuza we-Pancreatic awuncane kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane, kepha yisona sesine esibangela kakhulu ukufa kokuhlobene nomdlavuza kokubili amadoda nabesifazane. Kuvame ukutholakala ukuthi kunezigaba kamuva zesifo uma ukuhlinzwa kungasakwazi.
• Umdlavuza wesibindi : Umdlavuza oyinhloko wesibindi awuvamile, onomdlavuza we-metastatic esibindi esivame kakhulu. Izingozi ze-cancer yesibindi zibandakanya ukuhlukunyezwa kotshwala kanye nezifo ezingapheli ezine-hepatitis B noma uC.
• Umdlavuza weColon : Umdlavuza we- Colon uvame ukubhekwa njengomdlavuza wokubala futhi ufaka kokubili ukwelapha we-rectum nekoloni eliphezulu. Yimbangela yesithathu ebangela ukubulawa komdlavuza kokubili amadoda nabesifazane.
• Umdlavuza we-analysis : Umdlavuza we- anal uhlukile emdlalweni wekoloni kokubili kokwelashwa nezimbangela. Ukutheleleka nge-HPV manje kubangela iningi lamakhansela ajwayelekile.

Amanqamu eNqubo Ye-Genitourinary

Uhlelo lwe-genitourinary luhilela izinso, isisu, amashubhu ahlangene nezinso nesifiso (esibizwa ngokuthi ama-ureters), kanye ne-urethra (ukuphuma kwesikhumba). Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa nezakhiwo ezifana ne-prostate gland. Izinhlobo zifaka:

• Umdlavuza wezinso : Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wezinso zibandakanya i-renal cell carcinoma (cishe amaphesenti angama-90 wamacala), i-transitional cell carcinoma, nesifo se-Wilms ezinganeni.
• Umdlavuza wesibeletho : Cishe isigamu sesandulela ngculazi kubangelwa ukushisa ugwayi. Labo abasebenza ngamehlo (inkino) basengozini enkulu.
• Umdlavuza we-prostate : I-Prostate iyimbangela yesibili eholela ekubulaweni komdlavuza emadodeni, kodwa manje inezinga eliphezulu lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu.

I-Cancers Yokusebenza Yokukhiqiza

I-cancer yegciwane lokuzala ingavela emadodeni nakwabesifazane. Umdlavuza we-Ovarian yisisusa sesihlanu esivame kakhulu sokubulawa komdlavuza kwabesifazane, futhi nakuba uphephile ezinkathini zokuqala, kuvame ukutholakala uma usuvele usakazeka. Izinhlobo zifaka:

• Umdlavuza we-Testicular
• Umdlavuza we-Ovarian (kubandakanya izicubu ze-germ cell)
• Umdlavuza wesibeletho (umdlavuza we-endometrial)
• Umdlavuza webhubhu we-Fallopian
• Umdlavuza wesibeletho

Amagciwane e-Endocrine

Iningi lamagciwane e-endocrine, ngaphandle kwemdlavuza we-thyroid, ayifani neze. Uhlelo lwe-endocrine luhlu lwezinhlayiya ezikhiqiza ama-hormone futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, zingaba nezibonakaliso ze-hormone ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwe-underproduction. Inhlanganisela yama-cancer e-endocrine ahlukene angase asebenze emindenini futhi ibizwe ngokuthi yi-MEN, okumele i-neoplasia eminingi ye-endocrine.

• Umdlavuza we-Thyroid : Isigameko somdlavuza wegciwane sanda i-United States ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi omunye umdlavuza. Ngokujabulisayo, izinga lokusinda lamaningi elayidali liphakeme kakhulu.

I-Bone neSoft Tissue Cancers

Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, i-cancer ingase ivele emathanjeni kanye nezicubu ezithambile zomzimba ezinjengemisipha, imigaments, izicubu ezinamafutha, ngisho nemithambo yegazi. Ngokungafani namathrekhi asemathunjini ayisisindo namathambo aphansi, okungavamile, umdlavuza ongenamathemikhali kuya obala. Umdlavuza we-Bone, okungukuthi oyinhloko noma imetastatic, ngokuvamile uveza ngezibonakaliso zobuhlungu noma ukuphulwa kwe-pathologic -ukuphuka okwenzeka elitheni elibuthakathaka ngenxa yokuba khona kwesisu. Izinhlobo zifaka:

• I-osteosarcoma (amathambo e-bone)
• I-sarcoma yeKapa : I-sarcoma yeKapa iwumdlavuza we-tishu ophansi ovame ukubonwa kubantu abane-HIV / AIDS.
• I-sarcoma ye- Ewing: I- sarcoma ye- Ewing iyimdlavuza yethambo eyenza kakhulu izingane.

Amanqamu ahlobene negazi

Amanqamu ahlobene negazi ahlanganisa kokubili lawo ahlanganisa amangqamuzana egazi kanye nalawo ahlanganisa izicubu eziqinile zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, njengama-lymph nodes.Izici ezingozini zegazi ezihlobene negazi zihluke ngokungafani emdlavuza oqinile kulezo zimo zemvelo kanye namagciwane (njenge-Epstein -I-virus yeBarr, ebangela i-mononucleosis) idla indima ebalulekile. Lezi zingane zomdlavuza ezivame kakhulu ezinganeni.

• I-lymphoma kaHodgkin
• I-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
• I-leukemia esebenzayo i-lymphocytic (YONKE)
• I-lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) engapheli
• I-acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
• I-myelogenous leukemia engapheli (CML)
• I-Myeloma

I-Cancers Yesikhumba

Amagciwane ekhanda ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa ngamaqembu ayisisekelo: i-melanoma ne-non-melanoma isikhumba segazi. Nakuba izinhlayiya ze-non-melanoma zesikhumba zivame kakhulu, ama-melanomas aphethwe ukufa kakhulu komdlavuza wesikhumba.

• I-Melanoma
• I-Squamous cell carcinoma yesikhumba
• Basal cell carcinoma

Ezinye Izindlela Amakhansela Ahlukaniswa Ngayo

Ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa umdlavuza ngezinhlobo zamaseli kanye nezitho, izikhumba zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngezinye izindlela.

• Ngebanga le-tumor: Ibanga liyingxenye yokuhlukumeza kwesisu. I-grade 1 i-tumor ayinamandla kakhulu futhi amangqamuzana angase afane ngokufanayo afana namaseli avamile lapho umdlavuza uqala khona. I-grade 3 i-tumor, ngokuphambene, ivame kakhulu, futhi amangqamuzana abukeka ehluke kakhulu kunezingqamuzana ezivamile.
• Ngesiteji se-tumor: I- Tumor ihlelwe ngezindlela ezahlukene, kodwa abaningi banikezwa inombolo phakathi kuka-1 no-4, kanti 4 beyisigaba esiphezulu kakhulu somdlavuza.
• Umdlavuza ongewona owomndeni nomdlavuza wesifo : Ezinye ze-khansa zibhekwa njengezifo zomshoshaphansi. Isibonelo, cishe amaphesenti angu-10 emdlavuza webele abhekiselwa ngokuthi "umdlavuza webele." Kuningi kakhulu, futhi izakhi zofuzo zidlala indima emaqenjini amaningi .
• Amaphrofayli e-DNA / ama-molecular: Njengoba ukuqonda kwethu izakhi zofuzo kuthuthuka, izicubu zivame ukuhlukaniswa njengephrofayili yazo yezofuzo. Isibonelo, ezinye zegciwane lamaphaphu zinezakhi zomzimba ze-EGFR nezinye ezinokulungiswa kabusha kwe-ALK.

I-Cancers Iningi Ejwayelekile

Thatha isikhashana ukubukeza ama- cancer angama - 10 amaningi abulalayo emadodeni kanye ne- khansa engama- 10 ebulalayo kunazo zonke kwabesifazane . Ukuqaphela izimpawu zokuqala nezifo zalezi zifo kubalulekile ukuze ubambe lezi zansana ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nanoma yiziphi izinto ezibeka ingozi kuwe ngomdlavuza nomlando womndeni wakho wesifo, futhi uxoxe nanoma yiziphi izivivinyo zokuhlola ezizokuncoma.

Ikhansela elivamile

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-kansa ezibhekwa njengengavamile noma ezingavamile-ezinye zenzeka kubantu abambalwa kuphela ngonyaka. Lezi zingakwazi ukuvela ezinhlobonhlobo ezingavamile zomdlavuza we-ovariya ezinganeni ezingavamile zesikhumba . Kungaba yedwa uma uthola ukuthi unalezi zomshukela, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ucwaningo olusanda kumdlavuza ovamile luvulela ukwelashwa kubantu abane-cancer ejwayelekile kakhulu.

Siyazi ukuthi isipiliyoni singenza umehluko ekunakekelweni kwezempilo. Uma kuthiwa unomdlavuza ongavamile, kungase kudingeke ukuba ucele umbono wesibili kwenye ye-National Cancer Institute enkulu-izikhungo zomdlavuza ezikhethiwe. Lezi zikhungo ezinkulu zinamathuba amaningi okuba ne-oncologists kwabasebenzi abathintekayo ngokungajwayelekile-kodwa ezingekho ngaphansi komdlavuza.

Izimbangela, Izimpawu, Nokuphathwa Kwezinhlobo Ezihlukahlukene Ze-Cancer

Kunezimbangela eziningi ezihlukahlukene kanye nezingozi ezibangelwa umdlavuza , kanti ezinye zezimbangela zibaluleke kakhulu mayelana nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Isibonelo, ukuvezwa kwe-asbestos kubonakala sengathi kuyimbangela yokubangela iningi labantu abane-mesothelioma. Ngenkathi ungase ukwazi ukuthi umdlavuza webele ungase ube nenxenye yefa, lokhu kungaba njalo namanye amaningi kansa. Ngokwesibonelo, amaphesenti angaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-50 ama-melanomas acatshangwa anezakhi zofuzo.

Kumaningi wegciwane, asinayo ukuhlolwa kokuhlola okungasetshenziselwa ukuthola kuzo ezinkathini zokuqala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kucatshangwa ukuthi amagciwane angaphilika kakhulu kulezi zigaba zokuqala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuqaphela izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza kubaluleke kakhulu ekunakekeleni impilo yakho.

Izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zomdlavuza zixhomeke emthonjeni wakho oqondile womdlavuza nokuthi uthuthuke kangakanani. Funda kabanzi ngokuhlola isigaba esinikeziwe: Ukwelapha I-Cancer .

Izwi elivela

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-khansa ngaphezu kwalabo okukhulunywe lapha, futhi, njengoba kuphawuliwe, ngezinye izikhathi kunezibalo eziphawulekayo. Ngokuqonda kwethu okwandisa izakhi zofuzo, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwethu kwamagciwane kungcono kakhulu eminyakeni eminingana elandelayo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ngisho nohlobo olufanayo kanye ne-subtype yomdlavuza, kunzima ukwazi kahle ukuthi umuntu uzokwenza kanjani ngokuphathwa. Uma kwakunabantu abangu-200 abanomdlavuza wesifuba ekamelweni, babezoba nezinhlobo ezingu-200 ezihlukile zomdlavuza webele kusuka kumbono wamangqamuzana.

Izibalo mayelana nomdlavuza zingasabisa: owesilisa kwababili nabesifazane abathathu kulindeleke ukuba bathuthukise umdlavuza ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo, kungabalwa nomdlavuza wesikhumba. Nakuba lezo zinombolo ezinesabekayo, ukuzifundisa ngomdlavuza kuphakamisa ithuba lokuthi uzothola umdlavuza ezinyangeni zokuqala ezingasaphathwa zalesi sifo. Lokho kusho ukuthi, noma ngabe umdlavuza awuphilwanga, cishe njalo ulashwa, futhi kokubili ukwelashwa, futhi ukusinda, umdlavuza ubelokhu uthuthuka eminyakeni yamuva. Abantu abaningi baphila-futhi bayakhula-benomdlavuza kunanini ngaphambili.

_Imithombo:

_{Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). Izibalo Zezinhlobo Ezihlukahlukene Zomdlavuza. Kubuyekezwe 06/16/16. http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/data/types.htm}

_{Louis, D., Perry, A., Reifenberger, G. et al. Isigaba se-World Health Organisation sika-2016 se-System of Nervous System: Isifinyezo. Acta Neuropathologica . 2016. 131 (6): 803-20.}

_{I-National Institute of Health. I-SEER Training Module. Ukuhlukaniswa komdlavuza. 2016. http://training.seer.cancer.gov/disease/categories/classification.html}

_{Ingoma, Q., uMerajver, S., noJ. Li. Ukuhlukaniswa komdlavuza e-Genomic Era: Izinkinga ezinhlanu zesikhathi esizayo. I-Genomics yabantu . 2015. 9:27.}

_{I-World Health Organization. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamazwe Omhlaba Kwezifo Nge-Oncology, Edition 3 (ICD-O-3). Kubuyekezwe ngo-10/05/15. http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/adaptations/oncology/en/}